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Symbiotic Microorganisms in Aphids (Homoptera, Insecta): A Secret of One Thriving Insect Group
Ishikawa, Hajime The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2001 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.5 No.3
Most, if not all, aphids harbor intracellular bacterial symbionts, called Buchnera, in their bacteriocytes, huge cells differentiated for this purpose. The association between Buchnera and aphids is so intimate, mutualistic and obligate that neither of them can any longer reproduce independently. Buchnera are vertically transmitted through generations of the host insects. Evidence suggests that Buchnera were acquired by a common ancestor of aphids 160-280 million years ago, and have been diversified, since then, in parallel with their aphid hosts. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Buchnera belong to the g subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Although Buchnera are close relatives of Escherichia coli, they contain move than 100 genomic copies per cell, and their genome size is only one seventh that of E. coli. The complete genome sequence of Buchnera revealed that their gene repertoire is quite different from those of parasitic bacteria such as Mycoplasma, Rickettsia and Chlamydia, though their genome sizes have been reduced to a similar extent. Whereas these parasitic bacteria have lost most genes for the biosynthesis of amino acids, Buchnera retain many of them. In particular, Buchnera's gene repertoire is characteristic in the richness of the genes for the biosynthesis of essential amino acids that the eukaryotic hosts are not able to synthesize, reflecting a nutritional role played by these symbionts. Buchnera, when housed in the bacteriocyte, selectively synthesize a large amount of symbionin, which is a homolog of GroEL, the major stress protein of E. coli. Symbionin not only functions as molecular chaperone, like GroEL, but also has evolutionarily acquired the phosphotransferase activity through amino acid substitutions. Aphids usually profit from Buchnera's fuction as a nutritional supplier and, when faced with an emergency, consume the biomass of Buchnera cells as nutrient reserves.
Spatial Allocation and Specification of Cardiomyocytes during Zebrafish Embryogenesis
Hajime Fukui,Ayano Chiba,Takahiro Miyazaki,Haruko Takano,Hiroyuki Ishikawa,Naoki Mochiuzki,Toyonori Omori 대한심장학회 2017 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.47 No.2
Incomplete development and severe malformation of the heart result in miscarriage of embryos because of its malfunction as a pump for circulation. During cardiogenesis, development of the heart is precisely coordinated by the genetically-primed program that is revealed by the sequential expression of transcription factors. It is important to investigate how spatial allocation of the heart containing cardiomyocytes and other mesoderm-derived cells is determined. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying cardiomyocyte differentiation still remains elusive. The location of ectoderm-, mesoderm-, and endoderm-derived organs is determined by their initial allocation and subsequent mutual cell-cell interactions or paracrine-based regulation. In the present work, we provide an overview of cardiac development controlled by the germ layers and discuss the points that should be uncovered in future for understanding cardiogenesis.
Fabrication of Spinel Sensor for Fluorescence Thermometer
Daisuke Ishikawa,Toru Hagiwara,Hirotaka Kasai,Hajime Kunieda,Toru Katsumata,Hiroaki Aizawa,Mitsuo Honda,Masayuki Shibasaki,Koichi Otsubo,Shuji Komuro 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Spinel crystals (Cr doped MgAl2O4) with various Cr2O3 and MgO concentrations are grown using floating zone technique for fluorescence thermometer application. Temperature dependence of photoluminescence (PL) intensity is evaluated using spinel crystal and/or composite of spinel with silicone resin. PL intensity from spinel crystal and composite decreases linearly with temperature. Spenel crystal and composite are useful as sensor materials in fluorescence thermometer.
On the mater plan of the green in Kamakura City
Koshimizu, hajime,Ishikawa, Mikik,Koshizawa, Akira,Tsuchiya, Shiro Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 2001 Journal of the Korean institute of landscape archi Vol.1 No.-
Decision progress, plan content and planning division title of the master plan of the green in Kamakura City Japan were described. Conservation of the green and various effectiveness of the measure for realizing the green creation plan and the future development were discussed. It was indicated that the cooperation between citizens land owners and administration of the country, prefecture and city was important.
Effect of Compression Overload on Fatigue Strength Improved by ICR Treatment
Toshiyuki Ishikawa,Masaru Shimizu,Hajime Tomo,Hirotaka Kawano,Kentaro Yamada 한국강구조학회 2013 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.13 No.1
ICR (Impact Crack-closure Retrofit) treatment was developed for extending fatigue life of cracked steel structures by closing the fatigue crack opening. By applying the ICR treatment to as-welded condition, compressive stress remains at weld toe. Therefore, ICR treatment can be used for the improvement of fatigue strength of welded joint at the same level of the other fatigue strength improved techniques. If a compression overload is subjected after ICR treatment, however, the residual compressive stress at weld toe will shift the tensile stress region. Accordingly, improved fatigue strength of welded joints by ICR treatment will be reduced after the compression overloaded. In order to investigate the effect of the compression overload on fatigue strength improved by ICR treatment, fatigue tests of out-of-plane gusset specimens were carried out. As the results,fatigue strength improved by ICR treatment was hardly reduced under the compression overload condition of nominal stress of −190 MPa.
Photoluminescence Imaging of Spinel for Thermometer Application
Toru Hagiwara,Hajime Kunieda,Hirotaka Kasai,Daisuke Ishikawa,Toru Katsumata,Hiroaki Aizawa,Masayuki Shibasaki,Shuji Komuro 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Photoluminescence (PL) imaging is curried out using Cr doped spinel sensors at various temperatures for 2-dimensional fluorescence thermometer application. PL images can be clearly observed using a CCD camera and UV, green and/or blue LED illuminations. Brightness of PL images from Cr doped spinel sensor decrease with temperature up to 250 oC. PL imaging is suggested to be useful for 2-dimensional fluorescence thermometer applications.
Takako Komiya,Yosuke Ojima,Takashi Ishikawa,Hajime Matsumura 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.5
Background Appropriate position of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) is crucial following nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). The prevention of NAC malposition in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction has not been well described, and the efficacy of the techniques has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of our technique to prevent NAC malposition in patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction after NSM. Methods Patients who underwent two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction with NSM between January 2012 and December 2019 were included. We used a surgical technique to fix the NAC to the rigid base, assuming a pocket-like appearance, with pectoralismajormuscle and lateral adipofascial flap at the time of tissue expander (TE) insertion. Patients were classified into two groups based on the performance of the technique for the prevention of NAC malposition. Results In 35 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction after NSM, the clavicle-to-nipple distance ratio was 96.05.0% in thosewho underwent NAC fixation and 86.111.5% in those who did not undergo NAC fixation. Conclusions Using our technique, NAC malposition could be prevented in two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction. NAC fixation during TE insertion was found to be extremely effective. This procedure successfully prevented NAC malposition without the formation of extra scars.