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Single Nanorod Devices for Battery Diagnostics: A Case Study on LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>
Yang, Yuan,Xie, Chong,Ruffo, Riccardo,Peng, Hailin,Kim, Do Kyung,Cui, Yi American Chemical Society 2009 NANO LETTERS Vol.9 No.12
<P>This paper presents single nanostructure devices as a powerful new diagnostic tool for batteries with LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanorod materials as an example. LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> and Al-doped LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanorods were synthesized by a two-step method that combines hydrothermal synthesis of β-MnO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorods and a solid state reaction to convert them to LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanorods. λ-MnO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorods were also prepared by acid treatment of LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanorods. The effect of electrolyte etching on these LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>-related nanorods is investigated by both SEM and single-nanorod transport measurement, and this is the first time that the transport properties of this material have been studied at the level of an individual single-crystalline particle. Experiments show that Al dopants reduce the dissolution of Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> ions significantly and make the LiAl<SUB>0.1</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.9</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanorods much more stable than LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> against electrolyte etching, which is reflected by the magnification of both size shrinkage and conductance decrease. These results correlate well with the better cycling performance of Al-doped LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> in our Li-ion battery tests: LiAl<SUB>0.1</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.9</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanorods achieve 96% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C rate at room temperature, and 80% at 60 °C, whereas LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> shows worse retention of 91% at room temperature, and 69% at 60 °C. Moreover, temperature-dependent <I>I</I>−<I>V</I> measurements indicate that the sharp electronic resistance increase due to charge ordering transition at 290 K does not appear in our LiMn<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanorod samples, suggesting good battery performance at low temperature.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2009/nalefd.2009.9.issue-12/nl902315u/production/images/medium/nl-2009-02315u_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl902315u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Ningyi Cai,Boyan Zhang,Qinghao Meng,Siyu Qian,Bo Su,Hailin Cui,Shengbo Zhang,Cunlin Zhang 한국광학회 2023 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.7 No.2
The vibratory and rotational levels of many biological macromolecules lie in the terahertz (THz) band, which means that THz techniques can be used to identify and detect them. Moreover, since the biological activity of most biomolecules only becomes apparent in aqueous solution, we use microfluidic technology to study the biological properties of these biomolecules. THz time-domain spectroscopy was used to study the THz absorption characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) aqueous solution at different concentrations and different exposure times in fixed electric or magnetic fields. The results show that the spectral characteristics of the GO solution varied with the concentration: as the concentration increased, the THz absorption decreased. The results also show that after placing the solution in an external electric field, the absorption of THz first increased and then decreased. When the solution was placed in a magnetic field, the THz absorption increased with the increase in standing time. In this paper, these results are explained based on considerations of what is occurring at the molecular scale. The results of this study provide technical support for the further study of GO and will assist with its improved application in various fields.
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Terahertz Characteristics of Hydroxygraphene Based on Microfluidic Technology
Boyan Zhang,Siyu Qian,Bo Peng,Bo Su,Zhuang Peng,Hailin Cui,Shengbo Zhang,Cunlin Zhang 한국광학회 2023 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.7 No.4
Hydroxygraphene as a kind of functionalized graphene has important applications in composite, photoelectric and biological materials. In the present study, THz and microfluidic technologies were implemented to study the THz transmission characteristics of hydroxygraphene with different concentrations and residence times in magnetic and electric fields. The results show that the THz transmission intensity decreases with the increase in sample concentration and duration of an applied electric field, while it increases by staying longer in the magnetic field. The phenomenon is analyzed and explained in terms of hydrogen bond, conductivity and scattering characteristics. The results establish a foundation for future research on the THz absorption characteristics of liquid graphene based on microfluidic technology in different external environments. It also provides technical support for the application and development of graphene in THz devices.
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Terahertz Spectral Characteristics of Electrolyte Solutions under Different Magnetic Fields
Siyu Shao,Haiyun Huang,Bo Peng,Guoyang Wang,Ping Ye,Jiahui Wang,Bo Su,Hailin Cui,Cunlin Zhang 한국광학회 2022 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.6 No.3
Microfluidic chips are new devices that can manipulate liquids at the micrometer level, and terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy has good applicability in biochemical detection. The combination of these two technologies can shorten the distance between sample and THz wave, reduce THz wave absorption by water, and more effectively analyze the kinetics of biochemical reactions in aqueous solutions. This study investigates the effects of different external magnetic field intensities on the THz transmission characteristics of deionized water, CuSO 4 , CuCl 2 , (CH 3 COO) 2 Cu, Na 2 SO 4 , NaCl, and CH 3 COONa; the THz spectral intensity of the sample solutions decrease with increasing intensity of the applied magnetic field. Analysis shows that the magnetic field leads to a change in the dipole moment of water molecules in water and electrolyte solutions, which enhances not only the hydrogen-bond networking ability of water but also the hydration around ions in electrolyte solutions, increasing the number of hydrogen bonds. Increasing the intensity of this magnetic field further promotes the hydrogen-bond association between water molecules, weakening the THz transmission intensity of the solution.
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