Design Features and Operating Characteristics of the MC-50 Cyclotron

Bak, Hae-Ill,Bak, Joo-Shik Korean Nuclear Society 1989 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.21 No.3

원자력병원에 설치되어 있는 MC-50 싸이클로트론은 중성자 치료와 의학용 동위원소 생산을 위해 가동중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 MC-50의 설계 특징, 기계적 구조, 가동 특성에 대하여 기술하고 있다. 본 싸이클로트론의 최적 가동 조건은 반복적인 운전에 의해 결정되었으며, 내부 빔의 성능은 싸이클로트론 반경의 함수로서 내부 빔의 세기 및 공간 분포 측정을 통해 조사되어졌다. 일상적으로, 인출효율이 61%일 때 40$\mu$A세기의 50 MeV 양성자 빔을 얻었다.

Measurements of X-Ray Production Cross-Sections for 0.5¡­1.2-MeV Proton Beam

Hae-ill BAK,Jun-Gyo BAK Korean Nuclear Society 1990 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.22 No.2

The measurements of X-ray production cross-sections for 0.5~1.2-MeV proton beam are carried out on Cu and Au. For this experiment, the proton tram generated from the SNU 1.5-MV Tandem Van do Graaff accelerator is Incident on the target. The X-rays and the backscattered protons from the irradiated target are detected simultaneously by the Si(Li) X-ray detector and the SSB (Silicone Surface Barrier) charged particle detector The measured values of X-ray production cross-sections are compared with other experimental values and theoretical values such as the PWBA (Plane Wave Born Approximation) and the ECPSSR(Perturbed Stationary State corrected Energy loss, Coulomb deflection, Relativistic effects) values. For measured cross-sections near 1.0- MeV proton energy, the ECPSSR (D.D. Cohenet al., 1985) shows better agreement than the PWBA. Particularly, that of Au for 1.2 MeV proton beam is 9.69$\pm$ 0.39 barns which deviates from the ECPSSR by less than 5%. and the experimental data for 0.5~1.2- MeV proton agree with most of other experimental values within 30%. 0.5~l.2-MeV 양성자빔에 대한 X-선 발생단면적의 측정을 Cu와 Au에 대해 수행하였다. 이 실험에서는 SNU 1.5-MV 탄뎀 반데그라프 가속기에서 얻은 양성자빔을 표적에 입사시켰다. 여기서 방출된 X-선과 후방산란된 양성자는 Si(Li) X-선 검출기와 SSB(Silicone Surface Barrier) 하전입자 검출기를 이용해 동시 측정하였다. 그리하여 측정된 X-선 발생단면적은 다른 실험치들 및 PWBA(Plane Wave Born Approximation)와 ECPSSR(Perturbed Stationary State corrected Energy loss, Coulomb deflection, Relativistic effects)인 이론치들과 비교하였다. 1.0-MeV근처의 양성자에너지에 대해 측정치는 PWBA 값보다는 ECPSSR(D.D. Cohen et al., 1985) 값에 더 잘 일치함을 보였다. 특히, Au의 측정치는 1.2-MeV 양성자빔에 대해 9.69$\pm$0.39 bams이었고, ECPSSR 이론치와는 5% 이내로 일치했으며, 0.5~l.2-MeV 양성자에 대한 실험치는 대부분의 다른 실험치들과 30% 이내로 일치했다.

A Short Note on the Iron-clad Turtle-boats of Admiral Yi Sun-sin

BAK HAE-ILL The Academy of Korean Studies 1977 Korea Journal Vol.17 No.1

Study on the Isomeric Ratio by Thermal Neutron Activation

Bak, Hae-Ill Korean Nuclear Society 1974 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.6 No.2

The cross-section ratios of the nuclear isomeric pairs $^{80}$ B $r^{m, g}$, sup 81/S $e^{m, g}$, $^{104}$ R $h^{m, g}$, $^{116}$ I $n^{m, g}$ and $^{134}$ C $s^{m, g}$ through the radiative thermal neutron capture process have been studied. The experimental values of these ratios obtained by the activation method have been compared with the calculated ones deduced from the modified Huizenga-Vandenbosch method. Agreement between these values within 30% could be attained by controlling the spin cut-off parameter and gamma-ray multiplicity.

Study on a Coaxial Plasma Gun (III)

Bak, Hae-Ill,In, Sang-Ryul,Chung, Kie-Hyung,Lee, Un-Chul Korean Nuclear Society 1980 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.12 No.3

A Mather type plasms gun is operated at below 1 torr with a energy storage system (4KJ, 16.5KV, 35nH) to study the conditions of the efficient plasma focus. When the $D_2$ gas filling pressure is 0.18 torr and the stored energy is 3.8KJ, the discharge current of max. 180KA is obtained and the average axial velocity of the plasma is about $7cm/\mu\textrm{s}$. This is lower than the calculated velocity with above conditions by the snow-plow model. The discrepancy is due to the currents flowing over the insulator surface. The plasma focus occurs at low pressure compared with the results obtained by Bruzzone. The reasons are such that the plasma gun employed in this experiment is large for tile stored energy and the concentration of the residual gas is comparatively high. It is confirmed by a Long counter that the neutrons are generated from the dense plasma focus.

史實에서 괴리된 근간의 ‘李舜臣’ 실명소설

박혜일(Bak Hae iLL),최희동(Choi Hee Dong),배영덕(Bae Young Dug),김명섭(Kim Myong Seop) 순천향대학교 이순신연구소 2004 이순신연구논총 Vol.- No.3

본 논고는 근래에 출판된 李舜臣 實名소설 세 편에 대해 史實과 다르거나 또는 허위날조된 내용들을 검토, 정리한 것이다. 우선 2001년에 동인문학상을 수상한 김훈의 『칼의 노래』(2001년)와 김탁환의 『불멸』(1998년)에 대해 살펴보았다. 이 두 소설은 한국방송공사(KBS)의 역사드라마 ‘불멸의 이순신’(2004년 9월 4일 첫 방송)의 원작으로 선정되기도 하였다. 또 일본의 대중소설인 아라야마 토오루의 『조선비첩』 (原題 : 高麗秘帖, 1999년)에 대해서도 간략하게 검토하였다. 『칼의 노래』는 대통령과 K장관이 격찬한 책이라 하여 한동안 화젯거리가 되기도 하였으며, 지금까지 국어학자 이익섭과 소설가 송우혜의 비판과 함께 간략한 서평도 있었다. 본 논고에서는 소설의 내용 중에서 주로 이순신의 친필일기 또는 여타의 기록 사료와 현저한 차이가 있는 부분에 대해서만 간추려 보았다. 『불멸』에 대해서는 송우혜의 면밀한 검토가 있었으므로, 여기서는 몇몇 사항만을 추가 지적하였다. 『조선비첩』의 작가는 한국어판 저자 서문에서, 『조선비첩』은 정통 역사소설이 아니라 時代傳奇小說이며, 난중일기 등의 사료를 바탕으로 뼈대를 세우고 거기에 허구를 입힌 것이라고 솔직하게 언급하고 있다. 그러나 허구의 범위를 제외한 내용 중에서도 史實과 다른 부분이 허다하므로, 그러한 사항들을 간략하게 살펴보았다. In recent years, following three pseudo-historical novels using the real names of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin and others for the characters have been published: □ Song of Sword(Saenggakŭi namu ed., 2001) by Kim Hoon(김훈), □ Immortal(Miraejiseong ed., 1998) by Kim Tak-Hwan(김탁환), □ Korai Hicho(高麗秘帖, title of Korean version : Chosŏnbichŏp, Shodensha Inc., Japan, 1999) by Arayama Toru(荒山 徹). This review reveals the distortions as well as malicious fabrications that appear in these novels concerning the life history of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin. The authenticity of the historical contents of the three novels has been carefully examined by comparing with those recorded in Yi Sun-Sin’s War Diary and other relevant sources. The examination has identified and confirmed numerous historical descriptions in the novels to be false. Such items are specified and annotated with critical comments in the main text of this review. Kim Hoon, the author of the novel Song of Sword, depicts Yŏjin(女眞) who appears in Yi Sun-Sin’s War Diary, as a woman. He then describes numerous bizarre sexual scenes of Yi Sun-Sin and Yŏjin in his novel. Despite there being no evidence to assume Yŏjin to be a name of woman from the Yi Sun-Sin’s War Diary, the writer appears to take a lecherous pleasure in presenting perverted affairs between Yi Sun-Sin and Yŏjin. Such a fictional setup is utterly unacceptable, as it describes one of Yi Sun-Sin’s most unhappy times. At the time, not only was Yi Sun-Sin in mourning for the unexpected death of his mother, but also he had been dismissed from his office of Supreme Commander of Naval Forces(水軍統制使). In the War Diary, it is recorded that Yi Sun-Sin mourned and mourned over the mother’s death and over the misfortune of himself. In the Kim Tak-Hwan’s Immortal, historical distortions are too numerous to relate. This review will thus focus just on the 4th volume of the novel which is sufficient for surmising the outline of the novel and the intent of the author. It is evident that the author attempts to depict Yi Sun-Sin’s respect for Wŏn Kyun throughout the novel. However, the Yi Sun-Sin’s evaluation of Wŏn Kyun reflected in his memorials sent to the Court and in his War Diary, suggests such depiction is unfounded. The novel also includes other preposterous scenes such as the one in which Yi Sun-Sin plots a coup d’état with his staff officers, which is a pure fabrication. In reviewing the Japanese writer Arayama Toru’s Korai Hicho, it should be pointed out that the novel has many descriptions severely distorted from the historical facts. Additionally, the novel includes several scenes depicting the obscene sexuality as well as the brutality which are perhaps more befitting of typical Japanese popular novels. The author also seems to revel in concocting some ridiculous plots in the novel such as one in which a Japanese commander dispatches assassins to infiltrate the Yi Sun-Sin’s fleet to kill Yi Sun-Sin only to be defeated by another Japanese commander who tries to save Yi Sun-Sin. In conclusion, it is clear that the character Yi Sun-Sin in these novels does not depict the historical Admiral ‘Yi Sun-Sin’ who achieved the most distinguished victories during the Japanese invasion(1592~1598). Also, it is evident that the main aims of the three authors are not in presenting a story based on historical facts, but in writing popular novels and profiteering from using the name of ‘Yi Sun-Sin’ as a commercial brand to hoard popularity. Finally, it is emphasized that biography is the only true history and precise biography realizes a true historical novel.

이순신 귀선 (1592) 의 철장갑과 (鐵裝甲) 경상좌수사의 (慶尙左水使) 인갑기록 (鱗甲記錄) (1748) 에 대한 주석

박혜일 ( Hae Ill Bak ) 한국과학사학회 1985 한국과학사학회지 Vol.7 No.1

이순신 귀선의 (龜船) 철장갑에 (鐵裝甲) 대한 보유적 주석 (註釋)

박혜일 ( Hae Ill Bak ) 한국과학사학회 1982 한국과학사학회지 Vol.4 No.1

이순신귀선의 (李舜臣龜船) 철장갑과 (鐵裝甲) 이조철갑의 (李朝鐵甲) 현존원형과의 대비

박혜일 ( Hae Ill Bak ) 한국과학사학회 1979 한국과학사학회지 Vol.1 No.1

무술년(1598년) 이순신의 최후 結陣處 - ‘㹨島’에 관한 고찰

박혜일(Bak Hae iLL),최희동(Choi Hee Dong),배영덕(Bae Young Dug),김명섭(Kim Myong Seop) 순천향대학교 이순신연구소 2013 이순신연구논총 Vol.- No.20

‘유도(㹨島)’는 이순신이 무술년(1598) 9월부터 11월까지 순천왜성에 주둔한 코니시 유키나가(小西行長) 왜군의 퇴각로를 차단하고 공격을 주도하였던 진처로 전해지고 있다. 이 중요한 결진처의 위치에 대해 이순신의 일기 원문 판독본으로부터 숱한 번역본에 이르기까지 기존 문헌자료의 오류가 답습되어 온 것이 사실이다. 본 논문에서는 이순신의 일기 무술년 9월 20일조의 기록에 나타난 ‘유도(㹨島)’의 친필원문을 재검토하고 현재 위치에 관련된 추론을 제시하였다. 이순신의 전사 후 약 100년이 지난 뒤 쓰여진 필사본 「日記抄」를 통해 이 ‘유도(㹨島)’ 지명이 무술 11월 11일조 일기에도 나타남을 확인한 바, ‘유도(㹨島)’는 이순신이 노량해전에서 전사하기 직전 마지막으로 결진한 장소임을 밝혔다. 또한, ‘유도(㹨島)’의 위치에 관련해 서울대학교 규장각에 소장된 조선 후기 고지도를 전수조사한 바, 수 종의 고지도에서 현재 광양만에 위치한 ‘묘도(猫島)’ 위치에 ‘유도(㹨島)’가 기입되어 있음을 확인하였다. 이순신의 일기에 나타난 ‘㹨’자는 ‘猫’자와 구분되어야 함을 당대의 자전에 근거하여 밝혔으나, 현재로서는 ‘묘도(猫島)’의 옛 지명을 식별할 방법은 발견되지 않는다. 한편 지역민들의 구전 전승은 현재 묘도에의 연륙도인 ‘괴섬, 괴입섬’과 ‘유도(㹨島)’의 연관성을 나타내고 있다. ‘Yudo(㹨島)’ is known as a camp position where admiral Yi Sun-Sin pushed the siege to the Japanese military of Konishi Yukinaga(小西行長) stationed at the Japanese fortress in Suncheon with cutting off their retreat from the 9th month to the 11th month of the lunar year Mu-Sul(戊戌, 1598). Regarding the location of this important island, the mistakes in the existing literatures from deciphered versions of Yi Sun-Sin’s original handwritings to the several translations have been followed. In the present work, the original handwriting of the ‘Yudo(㹨島)’ presented in record of the 20th day of the 9th month of Mu-Sul(1598) of the Yi Sun-Sin’s Diary is re-examined, and a speculative opinion associated with its current location is given. It is confirmed that the place name, ‘Yudo(㹨島)’ had been used in the 11th day of the 11th month of Mu-Sul(1598) by 「Selected Copy of the Yi Sun-Sin’s War Diary(日記抄)」 that was written with a brush roughly 100 years after the Yi Sun-Sin’s death(1598). Thus, it is verified that ‘Yudo(㹨島)’ is the last place where Yi Sun-Sin’s naval fleet made a military camp(結陣) on record of the Yi Sun-Sin’s War Diary. Also, through a complete enumeration survey on the antique maps of late Joseon Period preserved at the Kyujanggak of the Seoul National University, we confirmed that the ‘Yudo(㹨島)’ had been used in several maps at the same location as ‘Myodo(猫島)’ in the Kwangyang Bay area. We showed that the character ‘㹨’ presented in the Yi Sun-Sin’s Diary should be distinguished from the character ‘猫’ on the basis of the Chinese Dictionary of the time. However, for now, the original name of the island is not identified. Additionally, the oral tradition of the local residents suggests that there is a link between ‘Goe-Seom, Goeip-Seom’, a region incorporated into ‘Myodo(猫島)’ and ‘Yudo(㹨島)’.