A Multi-Group Analysis of Risk Management Practices of Public and Private Commercial Banks

Khurram REHMAN,Hadi Hassan KHAN,Bilal SARWAR,Noor MUHAMMAD,Wahab AHMED,Zia Ur REHMAN 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

The study examines the relationship between credit risk and operational risk (understanding of risk management, risk identification, risk assessment and control, and risk monitoring) on risk management practices followed by private and public sector commercial banks. The cross-sectional data method was used to check the impact of risk management practices. Data was collected from the bank employees and a total of 284 respondents were finally selected for further analysis. Measurement Invariance of Composite Models analysis is used to test the quality of the measurement model for sub-samples, and multi-group analysis is used for path analysis in sub-sample through PLS-SEM. The findings of the study as the total sample show that both types of banks are managing adequate and significant risk management practices. On the other hand, sub-groups’ results show private sector banks are more momentous than public sector banks. Risk identification is significantly different at the sub-group level, which shows public sector banks are more concentrating on this type of risk. Understanding of risk management has no significant effect on both types of banks and risk assessment & control for public sector banks, and there is a difference in the risk management practices among private and public sector commercial banks.

Simultaneous Equation Estimation in Finance and Corporate Financial Decision: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange

AHMED, Wahab,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,RAUF, Abdul,ULHAQ, SM Nabeel,BANO, Safia,SARWAR, Bilal,HUDA, Shams ul,KHAN, Mirwaise,WALI, Ahmed,DURRANI, Maryam Najeeb Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

In the last few years, there is growing interest in the field of simultaneous equation estimation in finance due to the endogeneity problem caused by measurement errors, simultaneity, or omitted variables. This study aims to discuss the endogeneity problem in corporate financing decisions and investigate the interrelationship of financial decision-making such as investment decision, dividend decision, and external financing decision in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation. The Bruech-Pagan test shows that the data has no heteroskedasticity issue and 2SLS is a better approach in the context of this study as compared to the GMM approach, and internal instruments are also sufficiently strong and valid. The three financial decision-making attributes are not jointly determined, and the dividend is influenced by one-sided investment. In the emerging stock market context, external financing and investment are not inter-related and did not affect each other. The question of whether the simultaneous equation estimation can be useful in the context of the emerging stock markets and newly-growing firms remains unanswered. The inclusive evidence shows that the theoretical link in the emerging stock market is difficult to prove like in developed stock markets.

A Latent Factor (PLS-SEM) Approach: Assessing the Determinants of Effective Knowledge Transfer

ANJUM, Reham,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,BANO, Safia,NAZIR, Sidra,GULRAIZ, Hira,AHMED, Wahab Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.2

The Knowledge Transfer (KT) for higher education institutions (HEIs) is boundless. Still and all, the members of the staff affiliated with these institutions do recognize an array of hitches in relation to KT practices. The study in question underscores social interactions, training, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as the primary barriers and treats them as the independent variables of the study. The study posits that inadequate management of the above-mentioned barriers would impact effective KT unfavorably. Besides, putting forth some striking solutions needed to fix the obstructions that hamper the adequate management of the KT exercises is another aim of the study. For data collection purposes, the study picks out higher education institutions (public) of the Quetta district. The reckoned sample size is 317 subjects. The research type that has been used is cross-sectional research and, in this context, the cross-sectional explanatory sequential design has been used. Concerning the findings of the paper, the results of PLS-SEM show positive and significant relationships of social interaction and training with knowledge transfer, while ICT shows an insignificant positive relationship with the knowledge transfer. The most influencing factor for the knowledge transfer is social interaction as suggested by social interaction theory.

Influence of Financial Literacy and Educational Skills on Entrepreneurial Intent: Empirical Evidence from Young Entrepreneurs of Pakistan

Muhammad Ahmed BILAL,Hadi Hassan KHAN,Muhammad IRFAN,S.M. Nabeel Ul HAQ,Manzoor ALI,Ali KAKAR,Wahab AHMED,Abdul RAUF 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1

This paper attempts to study the impact of Financial Literacy on Youth Entrepreneurial Intent in Pakistan. A closed-ended self-administered structured questionnaire covering financial literacy, computer knowledge, financial attitude, and financial knowledge with Entrepreneurial Intent was collected from young entrepreneurs. The research tried to investigate the education level with computer skill to inspect the effect of financial literateness on young generation Entrepreneurial Intent in the context of Pakistan. The research model was tested using PLS-SEM and authenticating a measurement model through the advanced methodology and their association with Entrepreneurial Intent. Results revealed that financial literacy and its two parts (financial attitude and financial knowledge) have a positive impact on Entrepreneurial Intent. The size of the joint impact of financial literacy and its components on Entrepreneurial Intent was assessed to be adequate. Entrepreneurial Intent is essential for creating new firms to maintain economic development. Furthermore, it is determined in this research that if youth has better financial knowledge and financial attitude, the probability of Entrepreneurial Intent increases. This suggests that if the youth in Pakistan desire to attain a higher limit of Entrepreneurial Intent, they must implement financial literacy models for enhancing and promoting their current Entrepreneurial Intent.

The Impact of Knowledge Management Processes on Knowledge Sharing Attitude: The Role of Subjective Norms

Aneela SYED,Nagina GUL,Hadi Hassan KHAN,Muhammad DANISH,S.M. Nabeel Ul HAQ,Bilal SARWAR,Usman AZHAR,Wahab AHMED 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1

Constructed upon Knowledge Management (KM) processes, the current study aims to investigate the interrelationship between Knowledge Sharing (KS) attitude among the faculty members and KM processes in higher education institutes (HEIs) in Pakistan along with the intervening role of subjective norms between KM processes and KS attitude. This research incorporated the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to conceptualize the KS behavior by using a sample frame of 302 academic and administrative staff from research-based HEIs in Quetta, Pakistan. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on permanent faculty members from different universities of Quetta, Pakistan. The finding of the study shows a positive attitude among the researchers. The study empirically examined the interface between KM processes and KS attitude and higher education performance while providing valuable insights into the prevailing literature by investigating the mediating role of subject norms. The impact of subjective norms on KS attitude and KM process indicates the importance and basic determinant in organizational premises and improvement of skills of faculty management in HEIs. The partial mediation also reveals the importance of subjective norms in the development of faculty members’ KM and KS attitude process.

Relationship of the Big Five Personality Traits and Risk Aversion with Investment Intention of Individual Investors

SARWAR, Danish,SARWAR, Bilal,RAZ, Muhammad Asif,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,MUHAMMAD, Noor,AZHAR, Usman,ZAMAN, Nadeem uz,KASI, Mumraiz Khan Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.12

This empirical research is aimed at testing the relationship of the big five personality traits namely openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and risk aversion with the investment intention of individual investors belonging to Balochistan, Pakistan. The primary data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire (a structured form that consists of a series of closed-ended and open-ended questions) from a sample of 397 active individual investors belonging to different districts of the province. The data is empirically analyzed by applying the Partial Least Square (PLS) path modeling technique by using the estimation package available in Smart-PLS. The findings of this study suggest that all the variables are statistically significant with investors' investment intention with risk aversion as the strongest predictor. Moreover, openness to experience, extraversion, consciousness, agreeableness, and risk are significantly and positively related to an investor's investment intention, whereas neuroticism is negatively related to an investor's investment intention. The results extended by this study can be used by financial planners and investment bankers to channelize the available financial resources in diversified portfolios. The results will help financial planners to make available diverse investment alternatives for investors in Balochistan, thus catering to their unique needs. Academia must offer courses on contemporary finance paradigm based on behavioral finance to enable future business graduates to make wise financial decisions.

Battling the Threat of Workplace Harassment

Ana ATTA,Nadeem uz ZAMAN,Hadi Hassan KHAN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6

This study attempts to look at workplace harassment through an entirely novel lens of protection motivation theory. The theory suggests the appraisal of threat and the coping ability determine an individual’s protection behavior. In this study, we have examined how the threat of harassment affects employees’ behaviors. This study utilized cross-sectional research design and quantitative information through an online survey using a two-step approach from 563 employees of different organizations worldwide. It analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results indicated main two constructs, Threat appraisal (perceived severity, perceived vulnerability) and coping appraisal (response efficacy, self-efficacy), were both found to be positively related to the employee’s protection intention and behavior. Besides, employee’s intention significantly mediated the threat appraisal and coping appraisal with employee’s behavior. Overall, results show the importance of protection motivation theory as a significant and influencing factor in workplace harassment, employees’ intention, and behavior. Our study offers a novel and new way to look at the phenomenon of workplace harassment and the process of forming protective behavior in a workplace. The theory can be extended to other workplace threats to develop novel and interdisciplinary views by meteorological change as an exploratory and experimental approach.