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이하얀(Lee, Ha-yan) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.135
This study aims to reveal a principle in the changing pattern of the uninflected word, which phenomenon is prevalent in the Middle Korean. To achieve this goal, this article focuses on the nonautomatic change found in the stem of the uninflected word such as namu (나무) . In previous studies, some scholars attempted to explain the reason, they failed to give an explanation of the principle behind the phenomenon that raises a question regarding the function of verb and noun. Also, the theoretical explanation of the usage of uninflected word, which has been obscure, and it does not allow readers to clearly understand it. This article therefore focuses on the independent nature and function of the uninflected word in Middle Korean. In my analysis of the uninflected word, I suggest separating the part of the uninflected word into two variants which cause nonautomatic changes of the uninflected word. In this study, both the historical data and dialects of Modern Korean language are employed to prove this point. In addition, I propose that ‘-(eu(으))X-’ ending may have been a key to understand the phenomenon.
롤러스케이트 선수의 운동상해발생과 예방에 대한 조사 연구
김동희,김도수,채양석,이하얀,김선호,조성채 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1
The study was intended to research the fact of roller skate players injury. For the study, kinds and parts of injuries, skills to be hurted, facility, injured time, cause, remedy, mental response and protecting were investigated through 182 roller skate players. The results were as follows : 1. The injury body part was showed that leg was the highest and followed by knee and ankle. 2. In the cause of injury was showed as follows: skills on corner work, bank track with concrete, 200m distance. 3. In the general cause of injury was showed: chronic fatigue by over training. 4. In the treatment and participation period after injury outbreak were showed: treatment period was toward the inside 1 week and participation to play during the treatment. 5. To the injury prevention players responded warm up, and cool down and mental-concentration were needed. Supervisor, coach and players responded knee protector wearing was needed in elementary school players and helmet-chin protector wearing in general players. The game rule revision was not necessary and the agree and disagree for ground unity to resemble. Almost players to be like concrete ground.
Lee, Tae Hun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Jong-Dai,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, In Hye,Yim, Yongbae,Lee, Seul Ki,Yan, Bing Chun,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Choi, Jung Hoon,Hwang, In Koo,Park, Jeong Ho,Won Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.7
<P>Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant, is widely used for the treatment of some diseases including diabetes, and decursinol (DA), a constituent of root of Angelica gigas Nakai, has some pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory function. In this study, we synthesized a novel synthetic alpha-lipoic acid-decursinol (ALA-DA) hybrid compound, and compared neuroprotective effects of ALA, DA or ALA-DA against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region induced by 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. In the 10 and 20 mg/kg ALA-, DA- and 10 mg/kg ALA-DA-pre-treated-ischemia-groups, there were no neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage 4 days after ischemic injury. However, 20 mg/kg ALA-DA pre-treatment protected pyramidal neurons from ischemic damage in the CA1 region. In addition, 20 mg/kg ALA-DA pre-treatment markedly decreased the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the CA1 region 4 days after ischemic injury. On the other hand, post-treatment with the same dosages of them did not show any neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage. In brief, these findings indicate that pre-treatment with ALA-DA, not ALA or DA alone, can protect neurons from ischemic damage in the hippocampus induced by transient cerebral ischemia via the decrease of glial activation.</P>
Lee, Hui Young,Park, Joon Ha,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yan, Bingchun,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Lee, Young Joo,Park, Chan Woo,Cho, Jun Hwi,Choi, Soo Young,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.4
<P>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used as a reagent for a model of systemic inflammatory response. Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) is a multi-functional protein that is involved in transcription, metastasis, DNA repair, and apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the changes of rpS3 immunoreactivity in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of 1 mg/kg of LPS. From 6 h after LPS treatment, rpS3 immunoreactivity was decreased in pyramidale cells of the hippocampus proper (CA1-CA3 regions) and in granule cells of the dentate gyrus. At this point in time, rpS3 immunoreactivity began to increase in non-pyramidal cells and non-granule cells. From 1 day after LPS treatment, rpS3 immunoreactivity in pyramidal and granule cells was hardly detected; however, strong rpS3 immunoreactivity was shown in non-pyramidal and non-granule cells. Based on double immunofluorescence staining for rpS3/ionized calcium-binding adapter 1 (Iba-1, a marker for microglia) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker for astrocytes), strong rpS3 immunoreactivity was expressed in Iba-1-immunoreactive microglia, not in GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes, at 1 and 2 days after LPS treatment. These results indicate that rpS3 immunoreactivity changes only in pyramidal and granule cells, and rpS3 is expressed only in activated microglia after LPS treatment: this may be associated with the neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.</P>
Lee, Tae-Kyeong,Park, Joon Ha,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Kim, Hyunjung,Song, Minah,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, Jong Dai,Jeon, Yong Hwan,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Hwang, In Koo,YAN, Bing-Chun,Won, Moo-Ho,Kang, Il Jun Elsevier 2019 Chinese journal of natural medicines Vol.17 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To examine the effects of <I>Populus tomentiglandulosa</I> (PT) extract on the expressions of antioxidant enzymes and neurotrophic factors in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus at 5 min after inducing transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in gerbils, TGCI was induced by occlusion of common carotid arteries for 5 min. Before ischemic surgery, 200 mg·kg<SUP>−1</SUP> PT extract was orally administrated once daily for 7 d. We performed neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B staining. Furthermore, we determined <I>in situ</I> production of superoxide anion radical, expression levels of SOD1 and SOD2 as antioxidant enzymes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) as neurotrophic factors. Pretreatment with 200 mg·kg<SUP>−1</SUP> PT extract prevented neuronal death (loss). Furthermore, pretreatment with 200 mg·kg<SUP>−1</SUP> PT extract significantly inhibited the production of superoxide anion radical, increased expressions of SODs and maintained expressions of BDNF and IGF-I. Such increased expressions of SODs were maintained in the neurons after IRI. In summary, pretreated PT extract can significantly increase levels of SODs and protect the neurons against TGCI, suggesting that PT can be a useful natural agent to protect against TGCI.</P>
Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Lee, Young Joo,Lee, Tae Hun,Lee, Choong Hyun,Cho, Jun Hwi,Kim, Myong Jo,Kim, Tae Young,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Neurochem Res Vol.37 No.5
<P>In the present study, we compared the immunoreactivities and levels of Trx/prx redox system, thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) and peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), as well as neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region between the adult and young gerbil after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. At 4 days post-ischemia, pyramidal neurons (about 90%) in the adult stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region showed 'delayed neuronal death (DND)'; however, at this time point, few pyramidal neurons showed DND in the young stratum pyramidale. At 7 days post-ischemia, about 56% of pyramidal neurons showed DND in the young stratum pyramidale. The immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the young sham-group were similar to those in the adult sham-group. At 4 days post-ischemia, the immunoreactivity of TrxR2, not Trx2 and Prx3 in the adult ischemia-group was dramatically decreased in CA1 pyramidal neurons. At this time point, the immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the young ischemia-group were apparently increased compared to the adult ischemia-group. From 7 days pots-ischemia, non-pyramidal cells showed the immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the ischemic CA1 region; however, in the young ischemia-groups, the immunoreactivities were much lower than those in the adult ischemia-groups. In brief, our results showed that the immunoreactivities of Trx2, TrxR2 and Prx3 were dramatically increased in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the young ischemia-groups at 4 days post-ischemia compared to those in the adult ischemia-groups induced by transient cerebral ischemia.</P>
Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, In Hye,Cho, Jeong Hwi,Lee, Tae-Kyeong,Park, Joon Ha,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Shin, Bich Na,Yan, Bing Chun,Kim, Jong-Dai,Jeon, Yong Hwan,Lee, Young Joo,Won, Moo-Ho,Kang, Il Jun D.A. Spandidos 2018 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.17 No.3
<P>4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), contained in a number of species of plant, has been reported to display beneficial effects against brain injuries. In the present study, the impact of vanillin on scopolamine-induced alterations in cognition and the expression of DNA binding protein inhibitor ID-1 (ID1), one of the inhibitors of DNA binding/differentiation proteins that regulate gene transcription, in the mouse hippocampus. Mice were treated with 1 mg/kg scopolamine with or without 40 mg/kg vanillin once daily for 4 weeks. Scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment was observed from 1 week and was deemed to be severe 4 weeks following the administration of scopolamine. However, treatment with vanillin in scopolamine-treated mice markedly attenuated cognitive impairment 4 weeks following treatment with scopolamine. ID1-immunoreactive cells were revealed in the hippocampus of vehicle-treated mice, and were hardly detected 4 weeks following treatment with scopolamine. However, treatment with vanillin in scopolamine-treated mice markedly restored ID1-immunoreactive cells and expression 4 weeks subsequent to treatment. The results of the present study suggested that vanillin may be beneficial for cognitive impairment, by preventing the reduction of ID1 expression which may be associated with cognitive impairment.</P>