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( Shino Shimura ),( Norihisa Ishimura ),( Hironobu Mikami ),( Eiko Okimoto ),( Goichi Uno ),( Yuji Tamagawa ),( Masahito Aimi ),( Naoki Oshima ),( Shuichi Sato ),( Shunji Ishihara ),( Yoshikazu Kinosh 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.1
Background/Aims Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). However, the prevalence and clinical conditions of SIBO in patients with FGID remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we examined the frequency of SIBO in patients with refractory FGID. Methods We prospectively enrolled patients with refractory FGID based on Rome III criteria. A glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) was performed using a gas analyzer after an overnight fast, with breath hydrogen concentration measured at baseline and every 15 minutes after administration of glucose for a total of 3 hours. A peak hydrogen value ≥ 10 ppm above the basal value between 60 and 120 minutes after administration of glucose was diagnosed as SIBO. Results A total of 38 FGID patients, including 11 with functional dyspepsia (FD), 10 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 17 with overlapping with FD and IBS, were enrolled. Of those, 2 (5.3%) were diagnosed with SIBO (one patient diagnosed with FD; the other with overlapping FD and IBS). Their symptoms were clearly improved and breath hydrogen levels decreased to normal following levofloxacin administration for 7 days. Conclusions Two patients initially diagnosed with FD and IBS were also diagnosed with SIBO as assessed by GHBT. Although the frequency of SIBO is low among patients with FGID, it may be important to be aware of SIBO as differential diagnosis when examining patients with refractory gastrointestinal symptoms, especially bloating, as a part of routine clinical care. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:60-68)
Yamamoto, Akira,Shin, Ryong-Woon,Hasegawa, Kazuhiro,Naki, Hironobu,Sato, Hiroyuki,Yoshimasu, Fumio,Kitamoto, Tetsuyuki 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2002 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.4
Iron as well as aluminum is reported to accumulate in neurons with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Alzheimer's disease(AD) brain. Previously we demonstrated that aluminum(Ⅲ) shows phosphate-dependent binding with hyperphosphorylated τ(PHFτ), the major constituent of NFTs, thereby inducing aggregation of PHFτ. Herein we report that iron(Ⅲ) can also induce aggregation of soluble PHFτ to occur, iron in the oxidized state (Ⅲ) is essential since iron in the reduced state (Ⅲ) lacks such ability. Furthermore, iron (Ⅲ)-induced aggregation is reversed by reducing iron (Ⅲ) to iron (Ⅱ). Thus the iron-participating aggregation is mediated not only by τ phosphorylation but also by the transition of iron between reduced (Ⅱ) and oxidized (Ⅲ) states. Further incubation of insoluble PHFτ aggregates isolated from AD brain with reducing agents produced liberation of solubilized PHFτ and iron (Ⅱ), indicating that PHFτ in association with iron (Ⅲ) constitutes the insoluble pool of PHFτ. These results indicate that iron might play a role in the aggregation of PHFτ leading to the formation of NFTs in AD brain.