Photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to hydrocarbons using bio-templated porous TiO₂ architectures under UV and visible light

Hashemizadeh, Iman,Golovko, Vladimir B.,Choi, Jungkyu,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Yip, Alex C.K. Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.347 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Artificial TiO<SUB>2</SUB> leaves with the morphology replicating that of <I>Camellia</I> tree leaves were synthesized through a multi-step bio-templating approach. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images of the final products indicated that proposed method successfully replicates the highly porous structure of the leaf photosystem, down to the thylakoids. The hierarchical pore network and morphology of the bio-templated TiO<SUB>2</SUB> catalyst were demonstrated to be critical factors in successful photocatalytic reduction of CO<SUB>2</SUB> under UV (370 nm) and visible (515 nm) light. The artificial TiO<SUB>2</SUB> leaves increased the selectivity towards methane in CO<SUB>2</SUB> photoreduction compared with benchmark commercial catalyst under UV light. The new TiO<SUB>2</SUB> structures also outperformed the P25 titania by more than 1.35 times in terms of total product yield (CO + CH<SUB>4</SUB>) of under visible light. We hypothesized that modifying the morphology of the catalyst can alter the pathway and efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. Deposition of ruthenium dioxide on the surface of the new TiO<SUB>2</SUB> architecture showed further improvement in photocatalytic activity under both UV and visible light. The photocatalytic reduction of CO<SUB>2</SUB> coupled with the oxidative water splitting was also validated by kinetic modelling. The experimental data exhibited a very good fit to the pseudo first order kinetics. The understanding of the morphological contribution of the photocatalyst revealed in this study can help to augment the efficiency and selectivity of CO<SUB>2</SUB> photoreduction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bio-templated TiO<SUB>2</SUB> has mesoporous structure replicating pores in green leaves. </LI> <LI> The porous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> showed higher visible light photocatalytic activity than P25 TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Bio-templated TiO<SUB>2</SUB> outperformed P25 TiO<SUB>2</SUB> in CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction and ethanol reforming. </LI> <LI> Significant effect of morphology on the photocatalytic activity was demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Deposition of RuO<SUB>2</SUB> improved photocatalytic activity under UV and visible light. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

GROUPS OF GALAXIES IN HISTORY: EVOLUTION IN THE MILLENNIUM SIMULATION

HASHEMIZADEH, ABDOLHOSEIN,KHOSROSHAHI, HABIB G.,RAOUF, MOJTABA,NEZHAD, ALIREZA MOLAEI The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

We use the millennium simulation for studying the evolution of groups of galaxies over time. We find fossil and non-fossil groups as well as old and young groups at redshift z = 0 and follow them back in time to investigate the evolution of their parameters, such as mass assembly, luminosity gap and halo mass concentration. We find that fossils assemble a larger fraction of their mass at z = 0 than controls. The magnitude gaps between fossil and non-fossil groups are not the same because of major and minor mergers, in old and young groups as well. We also find that WMAP1 and WMAP7 cosmologies lead to the same evolutionary history for fossil and control groups.

The Spread of Insertion Sequences Element and Transposons in Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Hospital Setting in Southwestern Iran

Hashemizadeh Zahra,Hatam Gholamreza,Fathi Javad,Aminazadeh Fatemeh,Hosseini-Nave Hossein,Hadadi Mahtab,Shakib Nafiseh Hosseinzadeh,Kholdi Sodeh,Bazargani Abdollah 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.2

Background Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important hospital pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of carbapenem resistance genes in association with transposable elements and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii bacteria collected from patients in Shiraz, Iran. Materials and Methods A total of 170 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens in two hospitals. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of imipenem were determined and the prevalence of OXA Carbapenemases, Metallo-β-lactamases genes, insertion sequences (IS) elements, and transposons were evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Finally, molecular typing of the isolates was performed by the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR method. Results The MICs ranged from 16 to 1,024 µg/mL for imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates. Out of the 170 carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates, blaOXA-24-like (94, 55.3%) followed by blaOXA-23-like (71, 41.7%) were predominant. In addition, A. baumannii isolates carried blaVIM (71, 41.7%), blaGES (32, 18.8%), blaSPM (4, 2.3%), and blaKPC (1, 0.6%). Moreover, ISAba1 (94.2%) and Tn2009 (39.2%) were the most frequent transposable elements. Furthermore, (71, 44.0%) and (161, 94.7%) of the ISAba1 of the isolates were associated with blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes, respectively. Besides (3, 1.7%), (1, 0.6%) and (5, 2.9%) of blaOXA-23 were associated with IS18, ISAba4, and ISAba2, respectively. Considering an 80.0% cut off, clusters and four singletons were detected. Conclusion According to the results, transposable elements played an important role in the development of resistance genes and resistance to carbapenems. The results also indicated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii bacteria as a public health concern. Background Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important hospital pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of carbapenem resistance genes in association with transposable elements and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii bacteria collected from patients in Shiraz, Iran. Materials and Methods A total of 170 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates were obtained from different clinical specimens in two hospitals. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of imipenem were determined and the prevalence of OXA Carbapenemases, Metallo-β-lactamases genes, insertion sequences (IS) elements, and transposons were evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Finally, molecular typing of the isolates was performed by the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR method. Results The MICs ranged from 16 to 1,024 µg/mL for imipenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates. Out of the 170 carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates, blaOXA-24-like (94, 55.3%) followed by blaOXA-23-like (71, 41.7%) were predominant. In addition, A. baumannii isolates carried blaVIM (71, 41.7%), blaGES (32, 18.8%), blaSPM (4, 2.3%), and blaKPC (1, 0.6%). Moreover, ISAba1 (94.2%) and Tn2009 (39.2%) were the most frequent transposable elements. Furthermore, (71, 44.0%) and (161, 94.7%) of the ISAba1 of the isolates were associated with blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes, respectively. Besides (3, 1.7%), (1, 0.6%) and (5, 2.9%) of blaOXA-23 were associated with IS18, ISAba4, and ISAba2, respectively. Considering an 80.0% cut off, clusters and four singletons were detected. Conclusion According to the results, transposable elements played an important role in the development of resistance genes and resistance to carbapenems. The results also indicated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii bacteria as a public health concern.

Influence and Application of an External Variable Magnetic Field on the Aqueous HCl Solution Behavior: Experimental Study and Modelling Using the Taguchi Method

Abbas Hashemizadeh,Mohammad Javad Ameri,Babak Aminshahidy,Mostafa Gholizadeh 한국공업화학회 2018 공업화학 Vol.29 No.2

Influences of the magnetic field on 5, 10 and 15 wt% (1.5, 3 and 4.5 M) HCl solution behaviour, which has widespread applications in petroleum well acidizing, were investigated in various conditions. Differences in the pH of magnetized hydrochloric acid compared to that of normal hydrochloric acid were measured. Taguchi design of experimental (DoE) method were used to model effects of the magnetic field intensity, concentration, velocity and temperature of acid in addition to the elapsed time. The experimental results showed that the magnetic field decreases [H+] concentration of hydrochloric acid up to 42% after magnetization. Increasing the magnetic field intensity (with 28% contribution), concentration (with 42% contribution), and velocity of acid increases the effect of magnetic treatment. The results also demonstrated that the acid magnetization wasnot influenced by the fluid velocity and heating. It was also displayed that the acid preserves its magnetic memory during time. The optimum combination of factors with respect to the highest change of [H+] concentration was obtained as an acid concentration of 10% and an applied magnetic field of 4,300 Gauss. Due to the reduction of HCl reaction rate under the magnetization process, it can be proposed that the magnetized HCl is a cost effective and reliable alternative retarder in the matrix acidizing of hydrocarbon (crude oil and natural gas) wells.