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김기열,임상규,서인선,강창열,이병직,남철현,위광복 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-
To collect basic data for deveoping education program for quitting smoking, 1200 subjects were selected randomly living in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and suburban areas and interviewed about their smoking habits and attitudes from June 20 to July 20, 1997. The result of this study was summarized as follows: 1. In the general characterisics of subjects, the proportion of female was the higher(53.8%) than that of male. Among them, the portion of twenties was 46.6%. in level of educational background, the rate of college graduates was 45.2%, that of high school was 35.7%, that of middle school was 11.5%. The highest proportion by occupation was 38.9% of student. The next was 11.7% of technician, 10.1% of unemployed, 9.4% of office worker and 9.3% of salesman. 2. The proportion of the smokers among subjects was 34.3%. The portion of male smokers was 65.7%, that of female smokers was 7.3%, which had tendency to increased. At the rate of smoking by age, 47.6% in over fifties, 43.6% in forties and 38.7% in thirties were showed that the rate of smoking was the higher in the older age. 3. In the quantity of smoking cigarettes, the rate of one park of cigarettes per day was 52.7%, that of a half pack was 31.1% and that of over two 53.2% and that in female was 59.1% which was highest. 4. In smoking period, the rate of smokers for over 20 years was 29.7%, that for 1-4 years was 25.1% and that for 5-9 years was 20.9%. The variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupation were statistically significant(p<0.01). 5. In the intention of quitting smoking, 48.0% of subjects wanted to stop smoking, 33.4% of them wanted to reduce amounts of cigarettes and 82.8% fo them had positive intention to stop smoking, on the other side 18.6% of subjects did not have any intention to stop smoking. 6. The proportion of subjects who tried to stop smoking was 67.9%. By characteristics, the rate of 67.9% in male, 27.3% in female, 90.9% in under nineteens, 73.6% in married group 69.4% in lower social class, 77.8% in high school graduated and 72.3% in Buddist was the higher than that of other groups. 7. The proportion of subjects who succeeded in quitting smoking was 12.0%. By characteristics, the rate of 40.2% in male, 34.8% in over 50 years old, 19.7% in married group, 15.4% in lower social class, 13.9% in apartment resident, 15.7% in high school graduate and 17.1% in Buddist was the higher than that of other group. 8. In the reason of quitting smoking, 81.0% of subjects had quitted smoking for health, 6.0% of them for religion and 13.0% of them for others. By characteristics, the rate of reason for health was 83.5% in male, 100.0% in age of forties, 84.6% in lower social class. 9. In the affecting factors of quitting smoking, 40.7% of subjects was influenced on family which was the highest, 29.6% of them on health education, 14.8% of them on friend's recommandation, 9.9% of them on medical doctor's advice and 4.9% of them on campaign. By age, twenties was affected by friend, thirties by health education and forties by family. 10. The most affecting independent variable of smoking was sexuality (β=0.42055), age(β=0.25285), drinking (β=0.15425), marital status and health condition(R²=44.8%). These results were shown that education program for quitting smoking especially emphasized injurious to health should be continued in the unit of family, school, office and society, particularly education program for female should be strengthened.
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Nephrotoxic Potential and Toxicokinetics of Tetrabromobisphenol a in Rat for Risk Assessment
Kang, Mi Jeong,Kim, Ju Hyun,Shin, Sil,Choi, Jae Ho,Lee, Sang Kyu,Kim, Hyung Sik,Kim, Nam Deuk,Kang, Geon Wook,Jeong, Hye Gwang,Kang, Wonku,Chun, Young Jin,Jeong, Tae Cheon Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2009 Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Pa Vol.72 No.21
<P>Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the most widely used global brominated flame retardants, is used to improve fire safety of laminates in electrical and electronic equipment. To investigate the nephrotoxic potential of TBBPA and its toxicokinetic profile in rats, single-dose and daily 14-d repeated-dose toxicity studies at 200, 500, or 1000 mg/kg were performed. Several biochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate nephrotoxicity of TBBPA. High-dose 1000 mg/kg TBBPA significantly elevated renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased at all 3 doses administered. This was associated with no change in the activity of catalase (CAT). Our results suggest that acute 1-d high-dose administration of TBBPA produced transient renal changes at 5 h. Subsequently, TBBPA in serum, urine, and kidney was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). Toxicokinetic studies indicated that TBBPA shows relatively a short half-life (7-9 h) and was eliminated almost completely in feces by 2 d. Based on the results from the 14-d repeated-dose study, TBBPA did not accumulate in the rat, and was eliminated in feces. The present results suggested that TBBPA may not be toxic to kidney, as the chemical is not bioavailable and is not present in renal tissue.</P>
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Single-Bundle Carbon-Nanotube-Bridged Nanorod Devices with Control of Gap Length
Nam, Gwang-Hyeon,Lee, Jae-Hyeok,Zahari, Nur Elida M.,Khalid, Najeeb Choolakadavil,Kang, Won-Seok,Kim, Jae-Ho American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.19
<P>We report a convenient method for the mass production of single-bundle carbon-nanotube (CNT)-bridged nanorod structures with controlled nanoscale gap. In this research, multisegmented metal nanorods are electrochemically grown on the surface of CNTs that are vertically aligned at inside the pores of anodic aluminum oxide membrane. Selective etching of central nickel (Ni) metal nanorod among three nanorod segments (Au–Ni–Au) provides nanodevice structures with CNT channel in the middle bringing between metal nanorod electrodes on both ends. Our method offers a simple pathway for production of nanoscale gap controlled CNT based devices with desired length of both channel and electrodes. This CNT-bridged nanorod structure holds advantages of each constituent, including the electrical properties of CNTs such as a ambipolar characteristic, and precise growth control and alignment of nanorods. This method provides an easy and convenient approach to fabricate various kinds of nanoscale structure-based electronic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-19/jp501886e/production/images/medium/jp-2014-01886e_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp501886e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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( Nam Hee Kim ),( Sangkyu Lee ),( Mi Jeong Kang ),( Hye Gwang Jeong ),( Wonku Kang ),( Tae Cheon Jeong ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0
Effects of diallyl sulfide (DAS) on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity were investigated. When male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of DAS in corn oil for three consecutive days, the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1-selective p-nitrophenol hydroxylase was dose-dependently suppressed. In addition, the activities of CYP 2B-selective benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase and pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase were significantly induced by the treatment with DAS. Western immunoblotting analyses also indicated the suppression of CYP 2E1 protein and/or the induction of CYP 2B protein by DAS. To investigate a possible role of metabolic activation by CYP enzymes in thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity, rats were pre-treated with 400 mg/kg of DAS for 3 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of thioacetamide in saline for 24 hr. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly elevated by thioacetamide were protected in DAS-pretreated animals. Likewise, the suppressed antibody response to sheep erythrocytes by thioacetamide was protected by DAS pretreatment in female BALB/c mice. Taken together, our present results indicated that thioacetamide might be activated to its toxic metabolite(s) by CYP 2E1, not by CYP 2B, in rats and mice.
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Kang, Jung Ae,Kim, Hye Rim,Yoon, Sunhye,Nam, You Ree,Park, Sang Hyun,Go, Kyung-Chan,Yang, Gwang-Wung,Rho, Young-Hwan,Park, Hyo-Suk,Jang, Beom Su The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2016 방사선방어학회지 Vol.41 No.3
Background: Ionizing radiation causes cellular damage and death through the direct damage and/or indirectly the production of ROS, which induces oxidative stress. This study was designed to evaluate the in vivo radioprotective effects of a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF) against ${\gamma}$-irradiation-induced cellular damage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Healthy male SD rats wore bio-active material coated (concentrations in 10% and 30%) fabric for 7 days after 3 Gy of ${\gamma}$-irradiation. Radioprotective effects were evaluated by performing various biochemical assays including spleen and thymus index, WBC count, hepatic damage marker enzymes [aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT)] in plasma, liver antioxidant enzymes, and mitochondrial activity in muscle. Results and Discussions: Exposure to ${\gamma}$-irradiation resulted in hepatocellular and immune systemic damage. Gamma-irradiation induced decreases in antioxidant enzymes. However, wearing the BMCF-30% decreased significantly AST and ALT activities in plasma. Furthermore, wearing the BMCF-30% increased SOD (superoxide dismutase) and mitochondrial activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that wearing BMCF offers effective radioprotection against ${\gamma}$-irradiation-induced cellular damage in SD rats.
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( Nam Kyung Roh ),( Young Min Park ),( Hoon Kang ),( Gwang Seong Choi ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Yang Won Lee ),( Bark Lynn Lew ),( Woo Young Sim ) 대한피부과학회 2015 Annals of Dermatology Vol.27 No.5
Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) infection can significantly impair the quality of life of the affected individuals, and its treatment imposes a considerable cost burden on the health-care system and on society at large. However, there is little information on the perception of this disease and the acceptability of vaccines in Korea. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the awareness of HZ and its vaccine, and to identify factors associated with the acceptability of the HZ vaccine among outpatients of dermatology clinics. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 607 outpatients who visited the dermatologic clinics. Results: The responses of the patients revealed a high awareness of HZ (85.4%) but a relatively low knowledge about HZ and its vaccine (42.3%). The HZ vaccination rate among patients aged ≥50 years was 9%. A history of HZ infection, being older, and greater knowledge about HZ and its vaccine were associated with a higher HZ vaccine acceptability. Of those who had not been vaccinated, 58.3% were interested in receiving the vaccine. The most frequent reason for this interest was “severe sequelae,” followed by “knowing someone who has HZ” and “recommendation from a doctor.” High cost was the most common reason for unwillingness to receive the vaccination. Conclusion: Despite a high awareness of HZ, vaccine acceptability was extremely low among this study cohort. Vaccination acceptability would be improved by encouraging doctors to educate elderly patients about the disease and the availability of vaccination, and by the provision of insurance coverage for HZ vaccination. (Ann Dermatol 27(5) 531∼538, 2015)
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Lee, Nam Kyung,Kim, Suk,Kim, Hyun Sung,Jeon, Tae Yong,Kim, Gwang Ha,Kim, Dong Uk,Park, Do Youn,Kim, Tae Un,Kang, Dae Hwan WJG Press 2011 WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY Vol.17 No.43
<P>Various mucin-producing neoplasms originate in different abdominal and pelvic organs. Mucinous neoplasms differ from non-mucinous neoplasms because of the differences in clinical outcome and imaging appearance. Mucinous carcinoma, in which at least 50% of the tumor is composed of large pools of extracellular mucin and columns of malignant cells, is associated with a worse prognosis. Signet ring cell carcinoma is characterized by large intracytoplasmic mucin vacuoles that expand in the malignant cells with the nucleus displaced to the periphery. Its prognosis is also generally poor. In contrast, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct and pancreas, which is characterized by proliferation of ductal epithelium and variable mucin production, has a better prognosis than other malignancies in the pancreaticobiliary tree. Imaging modalities play a critical role in differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous neoplasms. Due to high water content, mucin has a similar appearance to water on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging, except when thick and proteinaceous, and then it tends to be hypoechoic with fine internal echoes or have complex echogenicity on US, hyperdense on CT, and hyperintense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted images, compared to water. Therefore, knowledge of characteristic mucin imaging features is helpful to diagnose various mucin-producing neoplastic conditions and to facilitate appropriate treatment.</P>
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Lee, Nam Kyung,Kim, Suk,Kim, Gwang Ha,Heo, Jeong,Seo, Hyung Il,Kim, Tae Un,Kang, Dae Hwan RADIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA INC 2012 JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Vol.36 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>To determine the significance of the delayed hyperintense portal vein sign in Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and the requirement for informed patient consent was obtained. Six‐hundred and seventy patients who underwent Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI were included in the study. Two readers who were blinded to clinical records reviewed MR images in consensus. The delayed hyperintense portal vein sign was defined if the portal vein appeared more hyperintense than surrounding liver parenchyma on the 30‐minute delayed hepatobiliary phase. The frequency of the delayed hyperintense portal vein sign and the association between the sign and serum biochemical tests were assessed. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify which variables were associated with the sign. Optimal cutoff values of variables for reflecting the sign were obtained with ROC analysis.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The delayed hyperintense portal vein sign was observed in 13.0%. In multivariate analysis, a direct bilirubin level was associated with the delayed hyperintense portal vein sign. Optimum cutoff value for reflecting the delayed hyperintense portal vein sign was 2.18 mg/dL (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 96%).</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The delayed hyperintense portal vein sign in Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI can potentially be used to reflect hepatobiliary function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:678–685. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
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