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Li Xiaojuan,Dong Guangping,Fang Jianmin,Liu Hongjian,Guo Wanlin,Yin Huayang 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.7
Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an effective ectoparasitoid of pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) which is the major median insect for transmission of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelenchidae). A sensitive and acute olfactory system is extremely essential for newly hatched larva of D. helophoroides to forage for a host. Therefore, we established the transcriptome of newly hatched D. helophoroides larvae and characterized the expression profiles of olfactory genes. We identified 20 transcripts encoding putative odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 11 putative chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 9 putative odorant receptors (ORs), 11 putative ionotropic receptors (IRs), 7 putative gustatory receptors (GRs) and 4 putative sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) olfactory genes from the transcriptome of newly hatched D. helophoroides larvae. According to the phylogenetic analysis, 3 OBPs (DhelOBP6, DhelOBP14 and DhelOBP19), 1 CSP (DhelCSP11), 1 OR (DhelOrco1), 3 IRs (DhelIR3, DhelIR6 and DhelIR8), 3 GRs (DhelGR2, DhelGR4 and DhelGR5) and 2 SNMPs (DhelSNMP1 and DhelSNMP3) had high similarities with reported Coleopteran species. The highest expressed olfactory gene was DhelCSP3, followed by DhelOBP8 and DhelCSP2. The expression levels of the majority of OR, IR, GR and SNMP genes were low. These results indicate that CSPs and OBPs may play important roles in the olfactory recognition process in newly hatched D. helophoroides larvae. The findings from the present study are helpful in unraveling the profound mystery between D. helophoroides and M. alternatus, as well as improving the parasitism efficiency of D. helophoroides larvae.
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Mengxuan Li,Jinxin Zou,Guangping Guo,Jianxiang Liu,Guicheng Wang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2021 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.22 No.5
The glass cooling rate during molding process has significant effect on the crystallization behavior and structural uniformityof Al2O3-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2 oxyfluoride glass-ceramics. Abaqus Finite Element Analysis indicated that at room temperaturecooling environment, the cooling rate of 8mm thick glass was notably lower than that of 3 mm thick glass. The interiortemperature of 8 mm thick precursor glass was still above 710 oC even after the sample was cooled for 15 s, which caused theformation of “crystal stones” in precursor glass. The microstructure of oxyfluoride glass and glass-ceramics with differentthickness was analyzed by using DTA, XRD, IR and SEM. Since the 8 mm thick glass was cooled slowly, the initial crystalnucleation generated in the interior of glass, mixed crystal phases were formed in the interior after heat treatment, while singleCaF2 crystal phase formed on the surface. On the contrary, there was only uniform CaF2 crystal phase generating in the 3mm thick precursor glass after heat treatment, as a result of high cooling rate during molding process. Besides, the mechanismand ways to optimize the structure uniformity of glass ceramics were also be discussed.
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