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Free Trade, Economic Integration and Nationhood
Gray, H. Peter 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1990 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.5 No.1
The ability to achieve "national economic targets", including such considerations as the amount of redistribution of product by means of the central government actions, the establishment of national time preference in terms of resource exploitation and other collective decisions, is defined as "nationhood". The effect of increasing degrees of international economic involvement are considered in terms of their costs of "nationhood" renounced : these costs need to be set against the gains from more efficient resource allocation in determining the desired degree of international economic involvement or integration.
Textbook Graffiti as a Critical, Multimodal Classroom Activity for Korean Elementary EFL Students
Gray, Stewart,Lee, Roxy 영상영어교육학회 2019 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.20 No.2
This article explores the potential of a multimodal classroom activity in which students graffiti their textbooks for encouraging elementary-age Korean EFL students to express themselves, to engage critically with and transform their English class materials. The authors conducted an action research project in three sixth-grade EFL classes and four third-grade EFL classes in a Korean elementary school. Participating students were instructed to choose a page in their English textbooks and graffiti it however they wished. The students were then surveyed, and their textbook graffiti was analyzed. Results demonstrate that Korean elementary students can use English in combination with other expressive modes to create graffiti that engages with and transforms their textbook contents. This engagement/transformation took four forms: basic, parodic, personal and social. Common focal themes in students’ graffiti included study stress, appearance, romance, authority, conflict, and others. Also, many students found the graffiti activity enjoyable and approved of its use in English class. Thus, this paper supports use of graffiti by teachers to determine what issues are relevant to their own students, to relieve students’ stress, to encourage students to express themselves meaningfully using English, and to provide students an opportunity to contribute their own meanings to the classroom discourse.
Economic Integration and Nationhood : An Extension
Gray, H. Peter 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1993 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.8 No.1
As national economies become more closely linked through the gradual evolution of informal interpenetration of markets (as well as through formal agreements), the ability of a nation to preserve its national identity or nationhood is reduced. This tendency applies to such vital areas of national identity as the target values for unemployment rates, sectoral net tax burdens, the level of social services provided and environmental concerns.