Sex Determination of Cattle Meat by Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of the DEAD Box Protein (DDX3X/DDX3Y) Gene

Gokulakrishnan, P.,Kumar, R.R.,Sharma, B.D.,Mendiratta, S.K.,Sharma, D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.5

Determination of sex origin of cattle meat by fast and reliable molecular methods is an important measure to ensure correct allocation of export refunds particularly in European countries and also female cattle (cow) slaughter is legally banned in India because of religious beliefs. Based on the DEAD box protein gene located on the X and Y chromosomes, 2 pair of primers were designed and the system of PCR was optimized. Upon PCR amplification, male tissue showed 2 bands, while female tissue resulted in only one band. The accuracy and specificity of the primers was assessed using DNA template extracted from cattle meat of known sex. The protocol was subjected to a blind test and showed 100% concordance, proving its accuracy and reliability.

Recent Progress on Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Gas Separations: Conventional Synthesis vs. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis

Gokulakrishnan Ramu,Hae-Kwon Jeong 한국막학회 2017 멤브레인 Vol.27 No.1

금속유기구조체(metal-organic framework)는 유기물와 무기물로 구성된 나노다공성 결정물질로서 일정한 세공 구 조를 가지고 있다. 합성시 유기 리간드의 다양한 선택이 가능함으로 인해 다양한 세공 사이즈와 물리적/화학적 성질들을 나 타내는 금속유기구조체가 가능하다. 이러한 특성들로 인해 다공성 금속유기구조체는 새로운 기체분리용 막 재료로 각광받고 있다. 그러나 고품질의 다결정 금속유기구조체막을 재조하는 것은 상당히 어려운 일인데, 이것은 지지체 표면에 금속유기구 조체 결정을 자라게 하는 것이 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 지난 이십여 년 동안 마이크로 전자파를 이용한 물질 합성에 대한 연구 가 상당히 진행되었는데 특히 마이크로 전자파를 이용하면 전통적인 합성법에 비해 금속유기구조체 분리막을 제조하는 과정 에서의 어려움들을 극복할 수 있다. 마이크로 전자파를 이용한 다결정 분리막 제조 공정은 단시간 합성, 복잡한 구조체 합성 및 나노 결정체 합성 등의 장점이 있다. 본 총설에서는 금속유기구조체 분리막 제조 및 기체 분리에 관한 최근 연구성과들을 살펴보고 특히 마이크로 전자파를 이용한 분리막 제조 공정을 중심으로 정리한다. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials that consist of organic and inorganic moieties, with well-defined crystalline lattices and pore structures. With a judicious choice of organic linkers present in the MOFs with different sizes and chemical groups, MOFs exhibit a wide variety of pore sizes and chemical/physical properties. This makes MOFs extremely attractive as novel membrane materials for gas separation applications. However, the synthesis of high-quality MOF thin films and membranes is quite challenging due to difficulties in controlling the heterogeneous nucleation/ growth and achieving strong attachment of films on porous supports. Microwave-based synthesis technology has made tremendous progress in the last two decades and has been utilized to overcome some of these challenges associated with MOF membrane fabrication. The advantages of microwaves as opposed to conventional synthesis techniques for MOFs include shorter synthesis times, ability to achieve unique and complex structures and crystal size reductions. Here, we review the recent progress on the synthesis of MOF thin films and membranes with an emphasis on how microwaves have been utilized in the synthesis, improved properties achieved and gas separation performance of these films and membranes.

Bilateral Single Ectopic Ureters Draining Into a Grossly Dilated Vagina in an Adolescent Female

Soumendra Nath Mandal,Gokulakrishnan Puttuthakku Jagadheesan,Mir Reza Kamal,Satyadip Mukherjee,Ranjit Kumar Das,Dilip Karmakar 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.7

A 16-year-old female presented with dribbling of urine along with voluntary voiding since birth. Renal imaging revealed hydroureteronephrosis on the right side; the uterus and ovary were normal. A radionuclide scan showed a left nonfunctional kidney. On cystovaginoscopy, the urethra was shown to be normal and the urinary bladder was tubular with small capacity and an absent trigone. Although the vagina was capacious, no ureteric orifices were found. Computed tomography corroborated the diagnosis of bilateral, single ectopic ureters draining into a grossly dilated vagina. This case is unique because it is a bilateral single-system ureteral ectopia in a completely differentiated female genital tract that presented late in adolescence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second such ureteral abnormality reported in the literature so far. The patient underwent ileocystoplasty with right ureteric reimplantation and nephroureterectomy for the left nonfunctional kidney, which histopathology showed to be tuberculosis. The patient is continent with cystometric capacity of more than 300mL.

Numerical and complete solutions of higher order generalized difference equation on polynomials and factorials

G.Britto Antony Xavier,S.Gokulakrishnan,V.Chandrasekar 장전수학회 2014 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.24 No.3

In this paper, we derive the numerical-comlete solution of the generalized higher order difference equation and obtain the value of sum of partial sums of product of polynomials and polynomials factorials in the field of finite difference methods. Suitable examples are provided to illustrate the main results.

Metformin Reduces the Progression of Atherogenesis by Regulating Sestrin2-mTOR Pathway in Obese and Diabetic Rats

Saravanakumar Sundararajan,Isaivani Jayachandran,Gautam Kumar Pandey,Saravanakumar Venkatesan,Anusha Rajagopal,Kuppan Gokulakrishnan,Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam,Viswanathan Mohan,Nagaraj Manickam 한국지질동맥경화학회 2023 지질·동맥경화학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Objective: In previous research, we found that Sestrin2 has a strong association with plasma atherogenicity and combats the progression of atherogenesis by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Metformin, an activator of AMPK, is widely used as a first-line therapy for diabetes, but its role in preventing atherosclerosis and cardiac outcomes is unclear. Hence, we aimed to assess the effect of metformin on preventing atherosclerosis and its regulatory role in the Sestrin2-AMPK -mTOR pathway in obese/diabetic rats. Methods: Animals were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity, administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes, and then treated with metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) for 14 weeks. Aorta and heart tissues were analyzed for Sestrin2 status by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, AMPK and mTOR activities were investigated using western blotting, and atherogenicity-related events were evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology. Results: Obese and diabetic rats showed significant decrease in Sestrin2 levels and AMPK activity, accompanied by increased mTOR activity in the heart and aorta tissues. Metformin treatment significantly restored Sestrin2 and AMPK levels, reduced mTOR activity, and restored the altered expression of inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules in obese and diabetic rats to normal levels. A histological analysis of samples from obese and diabetic rats showed atherosclerotic lesions both in aorta and heart tissues. The metformin-treated rats showed a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyocyte degeneration. Conclusion: This study presents further insights into the beneficial effects of metformin and its protective role against atherosclerosis through regulation of the Sestrin2-AMPK-mTOR pathway.

Predictors of Early Readmissions in Hospitalized Patients With Gastroparesis: A Nationwide Analysis

( Ravi B Pavurala ),( Peter P Stanich ),( Somashekar G Krishna ),( Praveen Guturu ),( Alice Hinton ),( Darwin L Conwell ),( Gokulakrishnan Balasubramanian ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.3

Background/Aims Gastroparesis is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that frequently presents with symptoms that are difficult to manage, necessitating frequent hospitalizations. We sought to determine the predictors of early readmission due to gastroparesis based on etiology. Methods We identified all adults discharged with a principal diagnosis of gastroparesis after hospitalization from the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database. We compared etiology wise (diabetes, post-surgical, and idiopathic) early readmission. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of 30-day readmission. Results A total of 12 689 patients were identified, 30.7% diabetic, 2.6% post-surgical, and 66.7% were idiopathic. Patients with diabetic gastroparesis were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days than idiopathic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.94) and post-surgical gastroparesis (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.98). Pyloroplasty was associated with less likelihood of 30-day readmission (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-0.97). In addition, male gender (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37), modified Elixhauser comorbidity score ≥ 3 (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18-1.61), chronic pain syndrome (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11-1.78), younger (18-64 years) age (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.34-2.00), need for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy tube (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.21-3.52), and need for total parenteral nutrition (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.24-2.35) were associated with increased risk of 30-day readmission. Conclusions One in 5 patients was readmitted with gastroparesis within 30 days. In the diabetic group, diabetes-related complications contributed to readmissions than gastroparesis. Pyloroplasty is associated with reduced early hospital readmission. Prospective studies are needed for validation of these results. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:408-418)