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The European Union's Need for an International Auxiliary Language
Federico Gobbo 세종대학교 언어연구소 2005 Journal of Universal Language Vol.6 No.1
In the last few years, debate has centered around European Union language policy. Many people, language specialists and laymen alike, argue that the European Union should adopt a comon tongue for practical purposes, at institutional and educational levels, while respecting the cultural richness of other languages. Although English, or sometimes Latin, has been proposed, an International Auxiliary Language (IAL) would seem to accomplish this aim better. In this paper we will compare, structurally and sociolinguistically, three major IALs: Esperanto, Ido, and Interlingua, as candidates to serve as the comon language of the EU, on account of their language vigour and vitality.
Learning Linguistics by Doing: The Secret Virtues of a Language Constructed in the Classroom
Federico Gobbo 세종대학교 언어연구소 2013 Journal of Universal Language Vol.14 No.2
The teaching of second languages in school classrooms is often conducted through the use of ‘direct’ and ‘immersion’ methods, while grammar is reserved for the first language. However, pupils spontaneously raise important questions for general and theoretical linguistics which could be better addressed through an interlinguistic comparison of first and second language grammars in the pupils’ repertoires. This paper explains the method used in a pilot experiment in fieldwork. The experiment was conducted in the fourth class of a Montessori primary school, where pupils constructed from scratch a posteriori language to be used for secret communication among themselves―but not to be used with the rest of the school. During the process of the construction of this language, all aspects were discussed in the class: phonetics and writing systems, morphology and syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The main educational result was the increase in pupils’ metalinguistic awareness, as well as the confidence that they gained in their own language proficiency.
The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages
Federico Gobbo 세종대학교 언어연구소 2011 Journal of Universal Language Vol.12 No.2
Since the publication of Volapük, the most important functional and deictic words present in grammar—interrogative, relative and demonstrative pronouns, and adjectives among others—have been described in planned grammars in a series or a table, namely “correlatives,” showing a considerable level of regularity. This article compares the degree of regularity in the correlatives series of International Auxiliary Languages (IALs) with the correlative series of natural languages of the world—e.g., with a special attention English, French, German, and Latin, i.e., the languages that influenced directly the most important IALs, from Volapük (1879)to IALA’s Interlingua (1951). Moreover, some examples in languages not belonging to the Standard Average European (SAE)sprachbund are presented for control. Finally, the correlatives of Klingon and Na’vi, two languages planned in recent times, not for auxiliary but for fictional purposes, are presented by contrast. The main result of this comparison is that, in the case of correlatives,some natural languages are surprisingly far more regular than their planned daughters, in spite of the fact that regularity was a major claim of the efforts in planning IALs during the late XIX and early XX centuries in Europe.
Jitpisut Poolwong,Silvano Del Gobbo,Valerio D’Elia 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-
The catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an attractive process for thevalorization of glycerol, an abundant waste product of the biodiesel industry, by its transformation inindustrially attractive glycerol carbonate (GC). Interestingly, perovskites and perovskite-based mixedmetal oxides (PBMMOs) were, thus far, only marginally explored for the latter reaction. In this work, aseries of PBMMOs were prepared using the non-hydrolytic sol gel (NHSG) methodology as an approachto easily afford nanosized and non-aggregated ternary oxides without calcination steps. The preparedmaterials were characterized via TEM and SEM microscopies, XRD analysis, XPS, BET surface area andTPD measurements showing that the as-synthesized PBMMOs displayed higher surface areas and largernumber of crucial strong basic sites than their analogues produced by calcination at 1000 C. The catalyticactivity of as-synthesized or calcined PBMMOs followed a clear linear trend as a function of the materialsbasicity with the most basic PBMMOs (SrTiO3-200, YNbO4-200 and BaCeO3-200) performing as the mostactive catalysts. Selected materials on the basis of catalytic performance and low metal toxicity (SrTiO3-200, YNbO4-200) were subsequently applied to improve the atom economy of the transesterificationreaction using low (1:2 or 1:1.5) DMC/glycerol ratios and even equimolar amounts of reagents. Underoptimized conditions, the use of SrTiO3-200 as the catalyst allowed the quantitative and selective conversionof glycerol to GC by using 1:2 DMC/glycerol ratio and could be efficiently recycled maintaining atleast 95% GC yield at the fifth catalytic run. Albeit slightly less active than SrTiO3-200, YNbO4-200 performedwell when working with equimolar DMC/glycerol ratio allowing glycerol conversion and GC yieldover 80%.
Josefina Bertoli,Ewertton de Souza Bezerra,Sueyla Ferreira da Silva dos Santos,Luis Alberto Gobbo,Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior 한국운동재활학회 2022 JER Vol.18 No.4
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adherence to mat Pilates training on lower and upper body strength and flexibility in breast cancer survivors. Breast cancer survivors ( ≥ 40 years) with cancer stages 0–III undergoing hormone therapy participated in this study. For this secondary investigation only the intervention group was analyzed, divided into low and high training adherence. Participants performed a 60-min session of mat Pilates, 3 times/wk, for 24 weeks. Concentric, eccentric, and isometric hip flexor-extensor muscle peak torque, and isometric maximal strength parameters of the shoulder abductors, trunk extensors, and handgrip were assessed. Physical activity level was analyzed as a control variable. The results showed that high training adherence improved (P< 0.05) left shoulder abductor strength parameters and lower and upper body flexibility compared to baseline. The low training adherence group improved (P< 0.05) trunk extensors, right and left shoulder abductor strength parameters, handgrip strength, and extensor-flexor peak torque compared to baseline. There were no differences (P> 0.05) between high and low adherence for physical activity level before and after the intervention. Therefore, it appears that higher training adherence most influences some strength parameters and flexibility, while fewer sessions enable the achievement of significant results for shoulder abductor and hip extensor-flexor muscle strength parameters.
Fabrício Eduardo Rossi,Anderson Rogério Lecca,Luiz Gustavo Perón Martins,Luciana Sanae Ota Takahashi,Diego Giuliano Destro Christofaro,Luís Alberto Gobbo,Ismael F. Freitas Jr 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.3
This study verified the effects of a physical exercise program performed at Basic Healthcare Units on the body composition and functional capacity of women over 50 years old and to compare these variables according to age. Forty-eight women (age, 65.4± 7.3 years) were assessed. The program lasted 20 weeks, and was conducted 2 times per week, 60 min/day. Body mass and height were collected and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Bioelectrical impedance was used to estimate fat mass and fat free mass. Functional capacities: handgrip test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Guralnick test were assessment. Weight (68.7± 12.5 [pre]× 66.8± 12.5 [post], P< 0.001), BMI (28.5± 4.1 kg/ m2 [pre]× 27.6± 4.0 kg/m2 [post], P< 0.001), and fat mass (28.4± 7.8 kg [pre]× 26.4± 7.3 kg [post], P< 0.001) were decreased. For functional capacity, handgrip (21.2± 5.8 kg [pre]× 22.9± 6.9 kg [post], P= 0.014), lower limb strength (12.0± 3.0 sec [pre]× 8.5± 2.2 sec [post], P< 0.001), TUG (8.4 ±1.5 sec [pre] ×7.6 ±1.1 se [post], P<0.001) and Guralnik tests (10.6± 1.6 [pre]× 11.8± 0.5 [post], P< 0.001) were improved. 20 weeks of exercise program performed at Basic Healthcare Units decreased body fat and improvement of functional capacity of women over 50 years old and there was difference according to age only on the body composition variables.