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        Ascophyllum Nodosum Supplementation Strategies That Improve Overall Carcass Merit of Implanted English Crossbred Cattle

        Anderson, M.J.,Blanton, J.R. Jr.,Gleghorn, J.,Kim, S.W.,Johnson, J.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.10

        English crossbred steers (n = 32) and heifers (n = 32) were fed a corn-based finishing diet and supplemented with 2% Ascophyllum nodosum on a DM basis to for various feeding stages of the 119 d feeding period determine the supplementation strategy that maximized intramuscular fat deposition as determined by quality grade. All cattle were implanted with Ralgro$^{(R)}$ on d 36 of the trial and re-implanted with Revalor-S$^{(R)}$ or Revalor-H$^{(R)}$ on d 92. Cattle were blocked by sex and divided into one control and three treatment groups receiving Ascophyllum nodosum. Treatment 1 (trt 1) received Ascophyllum nodosum from d 36 to 50 of the feeding period, trt 2 received Ascophyllum nodosum for the last 14 d of the feeding period, and trt 3 which received Ascophyllum nodosum for both d 36-50 and the last 14 d of the feeding period. Cattle were weighted initially ($385{\pm}4.53kg$) and every 28 d following until they reach an average BW of $554{\pm}7.46kg$. No effect for Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation was found on measured performance characteristics. All treatment groups supplemented with Ascophyllum nodosum had higher actual marbling scores (p<0.05) than controls. Trt 1 was found to have a highest marbling score (572.5; p<0.05), whereas the control group having the lowest marbling score (473.8). Trt 1 had a higher quality grade (5.25; p<0.05) than the control (3.94) group, but did not differ from trt 2 (4.56; p = 0.105) and trt 3 (4.75; p = 0.236) where high Select = 4, and low Choice = 5. Trt 2 did not differ from trt 3 (p = 0.655), or the control group (p = 0.140) for quality grade. However, trt 3 did tend to differ (p = 0.057) from the control group for quality grade. Control group animals graded 25% Choice, 62.5% Select; trt 1 graded 75% Choice, 18.8% Select; trt 2 graded 62.5% Choice, 25% Select and trt 3 graded 56.3% Choice and 31.2% Select. Overall, treatment groups had a 39.6% increase in Choice quality grade and a 37.5% decrease in Select quality grade when compared to the control animals.

      • Multimodal learning: How task types affect learning of students with reading difficulties

        Sunjung Kim Thao,Linda Jean Lombardino,Sana Tibi,Amber Gleghorn 한국언어재활사협회 2022 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.7 No.2

        Purpose: The prevalence of multimedia technology in the current educational settings has increased the need for investigating how individual differences such as reading difficulties moderate multimedia learning. Given that instructional designs closely interact with task characteristics and requirements, we aimed to explore how students with reading difficulties perform various types of learning tasks within the context of multimedia instruction. Methods: College students with and without reading difficulties viewed a multimedia lesson on stem cell research while their eye movements were recorded. After viewing the multimedia slides, students completed four tasks pertaining to the content provided in the lesson. Results: Students with reading difficulties performed poorer than their peers on the procedural task while the groups’ performance did not differ on definitional, infographic, and argumentative tasks. Further, there was no difference in the eye fixation counts and gaze duration between the two groups. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of an awareness that the types of tasks used to assess students’ knowledge may impact their performance. Information of this nature may be useful in determining optimal learning experiences for students with learning difficulties.

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