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Stefano Maria Priola,Mario Ganau,Giovanni Raffa,Antonino Scibilia,Faisal Farrash,Antonino Germanò 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.1
Objective: Angled scopes allow 360° visualization, which makes percutaneous endoscopic techniques (percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PELD) particularly attractive for sequestrectomies, which entail the removal of extruded lumbar disc fragments that have migrated caudally or cranially between the ligaments, foramina, and neural structures, while preserving the disc. Although many different PELD techniques are currently available, not all of them are suitable for sequestrectomies; furthermore, long-term follow-up data are unfortunately lacking. Methods: A pilot study was conducted on a cohort of 270 patients with lumbar radiculopathy undergoing minimally invasive spine surgery (PELD or microdiscectomy), of whom only 7 were eligible for endoscopic interlaminar sequestrectomy with disc preservation. The patients’ baseline conditions and clinical outcomes were measured with the Oswestry Disability Index and a visual analogue scale. Long-term follow-up was conducted using satisfaction questionnaires that were based on the MacNab criteria and administered by medical/nursing personnel not involved in their primary surgical management. Results: EasyGo system was eventually used in 5 PELD cases. No dural tears, infections, or nerve root injuries were recorded in patients undergoing sequestrectomy. Surgical events, including blood loss and overall length of hospital stay, did not differ significantly among the 270 patients. In the group treated with endoscopic sequestrectomy, no recurrences or complications were noted during a follow-up of 3 years, and an excellent degree of satisfaction was reported. Conclusion: We provide OCEBM (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) level 3 evidence that interlaminar endoscopic sequestrectomy is a tailored and well-tolerated surgical option; nonetheless, a cost-effectiveness analysis assessing the interval until return to working activities and long-term benefits is warranted.
Design rules for creating sensing and self-actuating microcapsules
German V. Kolmakov,Anna C. Balazs,Victor V. Yashin 국제구조공학회 2011 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.7 No.3
Using computational modeling, we design a pair of biomimetic microcapsules that exploit chemical mechanisms to communicate and alter their local environment. As a result, these synthetic objects can undergo autonomous, directed motion. In the simulations, signaling microcapsules release “agonist” particles, while target microcapsules release “antagonist” particles and the permeabilities of both capsule types depend on the local particle concentration in the surrounding solution. Additionally, the released nanoscopic particles can bind to the underlying substrate and thereby create adhesion gradients that propel the microcapsules to move. Hydrodynamic interactions and the feedback mechanism provided by the dissolved particles are both necessary to achieve the cooperative behavior exhibited by these microcapsules. Our model provides a platform for integrating both the spatial and temporal behavior of assemblies of “artificial cells”,and allows us to design a rich variety of structures capable of exhibiting complex dynamics. Due to the celllike attributes of polymeric microcapsules and polymersomes, material systems are available for realizing our predictions.
Formation and Development of Ethnic entrepreneurship of Koryo saram in Kazakhstan
German N. Kim 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2009 International Area Studies Review Vol.12 No.1
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of sovereign states opened a new page in the history of the "Koryo saram". Opposite to other ethnic minorities, that have chosen the strategy of leaving the former Soviet Central Asian Republics, the Koreans have stayed but they are again being forced to adapt and this time to the nationalizing states. The Korean Immigrant communities living scattered over the world are demonstrating one specific feature-their special ability to adapt themselves in the host countries. Koryo saram are, in this sense, a remarkable case. The first generation of Koryo saram tried as fast as possible to settle down on the land of the tsarist empire and later of the Soviet Russia. The second generation did not have time to taste the first fruits of their labor in the new lands. They were forced to repeat the mission of the previous generation, that is, to adapt after the Deportation of 1937 to the conditions in a new land, namely Central Asia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 the third generation also turned out to be pioneering because they were forced to adapt to the new sovereign states of the post-Soviet area.
Rapid Heating Concepts in Sintering
German, Randall M. The Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 2013 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.20 No.2
Powder metallurgy applied rapid heating to sintering starting year 1900. Since 1970 the study has intensified. Now rapid sintering concepts embrace a spectrum of options ranging from dunk cycles to microwave, induction, exothermic, electric field, and spark approaches. Most of the efforts are targeting reduced microstructure coarsening during sintering, although reduced material decomposition is another common goal. The efforts are impressive for simple shapes and success metrics such a small grain size after densification. Several barriers need to be removed prior to application in powder metallurgy commercial sintering. Rapid heating research needs to focus on significant property gains, accurate product dimensions, and lower costs. So far each property gain obtained with rapid heating is matched by traditional sintering and composition changes. Several examples are cited to show the goals for the next round of innovations.
Asset correlations in turbulent markets and their implications on asset management
German Bernhart,Stephan Hocht,Michael Neugevauer,Michael Neumann 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10
In this article, the dependence structure of the asset classes stocks, government bonds and corporate bonds in different market environments and its implications on asset management are investigated. Asset returns are modelled by a Markov-switching model which allows for two market regimes with completely different risk-return structures. Using major stock indices, calm and turbulent market periods are identified for the time period between 1987 and 2009 and the correlation structures in the respective periods are compared. It turns out that the correlations between as well as within the asset classes under investigation are far from being stable and vary significantly between calm and turbulent market periods as well as time. Finally, the impact of these findings is examined in a portfolio optimization context. To accomplish this, a case study using the mean-variance and the mean-conditional-value-at-risk framework as well as two levels of risk aversion is conducted. The results show that an explicit consideration of different market conditions in the modelling framework yields better portfolio performance as well as lower portfolio risk compared to standard approaches. These findings hold true for all investigated optimization frameworks and risk-aversion levels.
Dynamic Effects of MERCOSUR: An Assessment for Argentina
( German Calfat ),( Renato G. Flores Jr. ),( Maria Florencia Granato ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.3
We evaluate the potential dynamic effects of MERCOSUR on the Argentinean economy. Two approaches, already used with other regional integration agreements, are applied for measuring medium and long-term effects. Special care has been taken in separating intra from extra zone effects. All estimations are carefully checked and have their magnitudes contrasted with other figures derived from different sources. Besides, complementary empirical assessments are done. The diverse empirical evidences found support the argument that Argentina experienced growth effects due to MERCOSUR.
The Divide between New and Old Regionalisms : An Analytical Framework
German A. de la Reza(헤르만 A. 데 라 레사) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2010 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.23 No.2
This paper seeks to establish a comparative framework for defining the new regionalism vis-a-vis the old strategy of integration in Latin America. With that end, it applies six levels of analysis: the conceptual background; the criteria of association; the economic model in force; WTO compliance; the preeminence of free trade areas; and institutional relapsing. The objective is to build up more-comprehensive elements for an analytical agenda.