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Alcohol Consumption, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphisms, and Cardiovascular Health in Korea
신민정,조윤수,George Davey Smith 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.4
Alcohol consumption is a serious health issue in Korea in terms of the amount consumed and the behavior related to its consumption. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism that degrades acetaldehyde to nontoxic acetic acid. The enzyme is coded by the ALDH2 gene, which is commonly polymorphic in East Asian populations. A point mutationin the ALDH2 gene (the rs671 allele) yields an inactive form of ALDH2 that causes acetaldehyde accumulation in the body after alcohol consumption, thereby inhibiting normal alcohol metabolism. Individuals who are homozygous for polymorphism in ALDH2 tend to refrain from drinking alcohol, decreasing their chances of developing alcoholism and exposure to the associatedrisks. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption predicted by ALDH2 genotype is causally related to cardiovascular risks. Moreover, recent MR studies suggest that the ALDH2 variant has mechanistic effects on some disease outcomes or mortality through increased blood levels of acetaldehyde, showing differences therein between heterozygotes(ALDH2*2*2) and homozygotes (ALDH2*1*2) in those who consume alcohol. Accordingly, consideration of ALDH2 genotype in alcohol prevention programs is warranted. In conclusion, strategies that incorporate genetic information and providean evidential basis from which to help people make informed decisions on alcohol consumption are urgently required.
Lawlor, Debbie A.,Song, Yun-Mi,Sung, Joohon,Ebrahim, Shah,Smith, George Davey Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2008 Stroke Vol.39 No.3
<P>The association of smoking with cardiovascular diseases in populations with low cholesterol levels is unclear and this lack of clarity may have contributed to the very high prevalence of smoking in East Asian men. The effect of smoking on stroke subtypes is particularly unclear.</P>