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- 저자 : Gapstur, Susan M. (검색결과 2 건)
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Jun, Jae Kwan,Choi, Kui Son,Jung, Kyu Won,Lee, Hoo-Yeon,Gapstur, Susan M.,Park, Eun-Cheol,Yoo, Keun-Young Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.124 No.1
<P>Although the value of cervical cancer screening is widely acknowledged, the effectiveness of an organized cervical cancer screening program in Korea has never been evaluated. We investigated the associations of the frequency of cervical cancer screening with cervical cancer incidence using data from a large prospective cohort study. In this analysis, 253,472 women without a hysterectomy or previous cancer diagnosis were included. Follow-up was between 1995 and 2002. Frequency of Pap smear testing was determined by searching the National Health Examination Database. Using the Korean Central Cancer Registry, 248 cases of invasive cervical cancer and 346 cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix were identified. Subjects screened 2 or more times showed a 71% (corrected reduction 60%) and a 66% (corrected reduction 53%) reduced risk of invasive cervical cancer and CIS of the cervix, respectively, as compared with unscreened subjects [relative risk (RR) = 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20–0.45; RR = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.25–0.46, respectively]. Women with a normal or benign pap smear had a statistically significantly lower risk of invasive cervical cancer and CIS of cervix compared with those never screened. In age-stratified analyses, there was a significant reduction in cervical cancer incidence among women aged 30 and over who were screened 2 or more times compared with women never screened. The results of this prospective cohort study show that regular screening of cervical cancer reduces invasive cervical cancer incidence and CIS of the cervix among Korean women. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
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Nasari, Masoud M.,Szyszkowicz, Mieczysław,Chen, Hong,Crouse, Daniel,Turner, Michelle C.,Jerrett, Michael,Pope III, C. Arden,Hubbell, Bryan,Fann, Neal,Cohen, Aaron,Gapstur, Susan M.,Diver, W. Ryan,Stie Springer Netherlands 2016 AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH Vol.9 No.8
<P>The effectiveness of regulatory actions designed to improve air quality is often assessed by predicting changes in public health resulting from their implementation. Risk of premature mortality from long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is the single most important contributor to such assessments and is estimated from observational studies generally assuming a log-linear, no-threshold association between ambient concentrations and death. There has been only limited assessment of this assumption in part because of a lack of methods to estimate the shape of the exposure-response function in very large study populations. In this paper, we propose a new class of variable coefficient risk functions capable of capturing a variety of potentially non-linear associations which are suitable for health impact assessment. We construct the class by defining transformations of concentration as the product of either a linear or log-linear function of concentration multiplied by a logistic weighting function. These risk functions can be estimated using hazard regression survival models with currently available computer software and can accommodate large population-based cohorts which are increasingly being used for this purpose. We illustrate our modeling approach with two large cohort studies of long-term concentrations of ambient air pollution and mortality: the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS II) cohort and the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC). We then estimate the number of deaths attributable to changes in fine particulate matter concentrations over the 2000 to 2010 time period in both Canada and the USA using both linear and non-linear hazard function models.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11869-016-0398-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
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