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Measurements of the Burning Velocities of Flamelets in a Turbulent Premixed Flame
Furukawa, Junichi,Noguchi, Yoshiki,Hirano, Toshisuke,Williams, Forman A. The Korean Society of Combustion 2001 한국연소학회지 Vol.6 No.2
To investigate statistics of flamelet in a turbulent premixed flame and to obtain components of their burning velocities in a vertical plane above a pipe-flow burner, the local motion of flamelets with respect to gas are measured by specially arranged diagnostics, composed of an electrostatic probe with four identical sensors and a two-color four-beam LDV system. With this technique, the three-dimensional local flame-front-velocity vector is measured by the electrostatic probe for the first time, and simultaneously the axial and radial components of the local gas-velocity vector in a vertical plane above the vertically oriented burner are measured by the LDV system. Two components of burning velocities of planar flamelets can be obtained from these results and are found to be distributed over different directions and to range in magnitude from nearly zero to a few times the planar, unstrained adiabatic laminar burning velocity measured in the unburnt gas. It may be concluded from these results that turbulence exerts measurable influences on flamelets and causes at least some of them to exhibit increased burning velocity.
Neuropelveology: An Emerging Discipline for the Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain
Marc Possover,Karl Erik Andersson,Axel Forman 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2017 International Neurourology Journal Vol.21 No.4
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common condition involving multiple, organ-specific medical specialties, each with its own approach to diagnosis and treatment. Management requires knowledge of the interplay between pelvic organ function and neuro- functional anatomy, and of the neurologic and psychological aspects of CPP, but no current specialty fully encompasses this approach. Neuropelveology is an emerging discipline focusing on pathologies of the pelvic nervous system on a cross-disciplinary basis. It involves a neurological/neurosurgical approach, combining the knowledge required for a proper neurologic diagnosis, confirmation by transvaginal/transrectal examination of the pelvic nerves, and advanced laparoscopic surgery in selected cases of CPP. The management of CPP requires multidisciplinary contributions, and neuropelveology may offer an educational framework for the interdisciplinary exchange of knowledge between clinical physicians and basic researchers.
Measurements of the Burning Velocities of Flamelets in a Turbulent Premixed Flame
Furukawa, Junichi,Noguchi, Yoshiki,Hirano, Toshisuke,Williams, Forman A. The Korean Society of Combustion 2002 한국연소학회지 Vol.7 No.2
To investigate statistics of flamelet in a turbulent premixed flame and to obtain components of their burning velocities in a vertical plane above a pipe-flow burner, the local motion of flamelets with respect to gas are measured by specially arranged diagnostics, composed of an electrostatic probe with four identical sensors and a two-color four-beam LDV system. With this technique, the three-dimensional local flame- front-velocity vector is measured by the electrostatic probe for the first time, and simultaneously the axial and radial components of the local gas-velocity vector in a vertical plane above the vertically oriented burner are measured by the LDV system. Two components of burning velocities of planar flamelets can be obtained from these results and are found to be distributed over different directions and to range in magnitude from nearly zero to a few times the planar, un strained adiabatic laminar burning velocity measured in the unburnt gas. It may be concluded from these results that turbulence exerts measurable influences on flamelets and causes at least some of them to exhibit increased burning velocity.
Branched TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanorods for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production
Cho, In Sun,Chen, Zhebo,Forman, Arnold J.,Kim, Dong Rip,Rao, Pratap M.,Jaramillo, Thomas F.,Zheng, Xiaolin American Chemical Society 2011 Nano letters Vol.11 No.11
<P>We report a hierarchically branched TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod structure that serves as a model architecture for efficient photoelectrochemical devices as it simultaneously offers a large contact area with the electrolyte, excellent light-trapping characteristics, and a highly conductive pathway for charge carrier collection. Under Xenon lamp illumination (UV spectrum matched to AM 1.5G, 88 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> total power density), the branched TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanorod array produces a photocurrent density of 0.83 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency reaches 67% at 380 nm with an applied bias of 0.6 V versus RHE, nearly two times higher than the bare nanorods without branches. The branches improve efficiency by means of (i) improved charge separation and transport within the branches due to their small diameters, and (ii) a 4-fold increase in surface area which facilitates the hole transfer at the TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/electrolyte interface.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2011/nalefd.2011.11.issue-11/nl2029392/production/images/medium/nl-2011-029392_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl2029392'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Expectations of Lumbar Surgery Outcomes among Opioid Users Compared with Non-Users
Reisener Marie-Jacqueline,Hughes Alexander P.,Schadler Paul,Forman Alexa,Sax Oliver C.,Shue Jennifer,Cammisa Frank P.,Sama Andrew A.,Girardi Federico P.,Mancuso Carol A. 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.5
Study Design: Matched cohort study. Purpose: To compare and describe the effect of opioid usage on the expectations of lumbar surgery outcomes among patients taking opioids and patients not taking opioids. Overview of Literature: Chronic opioid use is common among lumbar-spine surgery patients. The decision to undergo elective lumbar surgery is influenced by the expected surgery outcomes. However, the effects of opioids on patients’ expectations of lumbar surgery outcomes remain to be rigorously assessed. Methods: A total of 77 opioid users grouped according to dose and duration (54 “higher users,” 30 “lower users”) were matched 2:1 to 154 non-opioid users based on age, sex, marital status, chiropractic care, disability, and diagnosis. All patients completed a validated 20-item Expectations Survey measuring expected improvement with regard to symptoms, function, psychological well-being, and anticipated future spine condition. “Greater expectations” was defined as a higher survey score (possible range, 0–100) based on the number of items expected and degree of improvement expected. Results: The mean Expectations Survey scores for all opioid users and all non-users were similar (73 vs. 70, p=0.18). Scores were different, however, for lower users (79) compared with matched non-users (69, p=0.01) and compared with higher users (70, p=0.01). In multivariable analysis, “reater expectations” was independently associated with having had chiropractic care (p=0.03), being more disabled (p=0.002), and being a lower-dose opioid user (p=0.03). Compared with higher users, lower users were also more likely to expect not to need pain medications 2 years after surgery (47% vs. 83%, p=0.003). Conclusions: Patient expectations of lumbar surgery are associated with diverse demographic and clinical variables. A lower dose and shorter duration of opioid use were associated with expecting more items and expecting more complete improvement compared with non-users. In addition, lower opioid users had greater overall expectations compared with higher users.