An Analysis of Withdrawn Shareholder Proposals

Maggie Foley,Richard Cebula,Chulhee Jun,Robert Boylan 한국재무학회 2014 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.08

In this study we analyze withdrawn shareholder proposals to gain insight into the role of shareholder proposals in the governance of public corporations. A cursory look at the data suggests that unions are the most likely group to withdraw proposals. We focus on the behavior of unions and find that unions often resubmit a shareholder proposal which had garnered significant support in the previous year, only to withdraw the proposal in the second year. Interestingly, about fifty percent of those resubmitted proposals are withdrawn but are not resubmitted in year 3 or later. Our contention is that the proposals were withdrawn in year 2 because the issue was settled in a manner agreeable to the union. Furthermore, our research suggests that unions are more likely to withdraw proposals when the prior years’ appeal is higher, when firms have a record of poor performance, lower insider ownership, or relatively independent boards. This phenomenon suggests that unions submit and withdraw shareholder proposals strategically. We contend that unions use shareholder proposals and the withdrawal of proposals to improve conditions for union workers at the expense of shareholder value.

Mosquito Species Composition and Plasmodium vivax Infection Rates on Baengnyeong-do (Island), Republic of Korea

Desmond H. Foley,Terry A. Klein,In-Yong Lee,Myung-Soon Kim,Richard C. Wilkerson,Genelle Harrison,Leopoldo M. Rueda,Heung Chul Kim 대한기생충학열대의학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.49 No.3

Vivax malaria is a significant military and civilian health threat in the north of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The island of Baengnyeong-do is the westernmost point of the ROK and is located close to the southwestern coast of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Mosquitoes were collected using a black light trap on Baengnyeong-do, and Anopheles spp. were assayed by PCR, to identify the species, and screened for sporozoites of Plasmodium vivax. Of a subsample of 257 mosquitoes, Anopheles lesteri was the most frequently collected (49.8%), followed by Anopheles sinensis (22.6%), Anopheles pullus (18.7%), Anopheles kleini (7.8%), and Anopheles belenrae (1.2%). The overall sporozoite rate was 3.1%, with the highest rates observed in An. kleini (15.0%), An. sinensis (5.2%), and An. lesteri (1.6%). No sporozoite positive An. pullus or An. belenrae were observed. The results extend our knowledge of the distribution and potential role in malaria transmission of An. kleini, An. lesteri, and An. sinensis, for an area previously considered to be at a low risk for contracting vivax malaria.

太平洋의 戰略要素

S. R. Foley. JR,정상태 해군대학 1986 海洋戰略 Vol.- No.41

현 소 해군은 양적으로 세계 제1이나 질적으로는 2위이다. 이 상태의 계속은 여러분이나 본인에게 긴급한 일이다. 소련은 수년간 그처럼 유명한 경제실패에도 불구하고, 많이 낭비했었다. 소련의 1974년 이후 10년간 군비는 2조1,700억불로서 동기간 아측보다 5,690억불을 더 소비한 만큼 군사력도 막강하게 성장되었다. 따라서 태평양의 최고 전략은 본인의 통제 밖의 것으로서 동료 시민들이 희생하여 소련의 경쟁에 대응하여 방어할 수 있도록 돈을 쓰는 것이다. 1986년 회계년도의 국방예산에 관한 의회내의 논쟁이 의미하듯이 지도자의 부담을 가중시킨다면 장래에 우리 자신과 동료와 우방을 소련의 야심에 예속시키는 운명에 처하게 될 것이다. 미국은 지키고 먹고 사는데 충분한 부를 쌓았다. 또한 국가 안정과 사회보장이 가능토록 번영하고 있다. 우리는 아테네와 스파르타일 수 있다. 분명치 않는 것은 우리가 개인적으로나 의회를 통해 자유의 땅에서 용감한 사람들의 삶이 보장되는 어려운 선택을 할 만큼 현명한가 이다.

기후위기 해결_기술이 우리를 기후 변화에서 구할 수 있을까?

조나단 폴리(Jonathan Foley) 유니콘웨일 2023 BBC science Vol.2024 No.3

기후위기 해결_기술이 우리를 기후 변화에서 구할 수 있을까?

조나단 폴리(Jonathan Foley) 유니콘웨일 2024 BBC science Vol.2024 No.3

Exploration of Dual Program for General and Special Education: Can Dual Program help South Korean Teachers think of Inclusive Education?

강종구,김정현,Foley 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2008 시각장애연구 Vol.24 No.1

This study explored how two preservice teaches who took a dual program, including general and special education, thought about dual program and inclusive education. We found thattwo preservice teachers decided to attend dual program because they wanted to support students labeled as disabled in inclusive education classroom. We also recognized that two preservice teachers had developed their understanding about disabilityand inclusive education while taking dual program. Based on our findings, we discuss how dual program can be applied to South Korea’s teacher education programs. 본 연구는 일반 교육과 특수교육을 동시에 배우는 복수전공 프로그램의 수업들을 가지는 두 명의 예비 교사들이 복수전공 프로그램과 통합교육에 대하여 어떻게 생각하는지에 대하여 탐구하였다. 연구자들은 두 명의 예비교사들이 통합교육 학급에서 장애로 명칭되어지는 학생들을 지원해 주고 싶어서 복수전공 프로그램을 다니기로 결정하였음을 발견하였다. 연구자들은 또한 두 명의 예비 교사들이 복수전공 프로그램의 수업들을 가지는 동안 장애와 통합교육에 대한 이해를 발전시켜 나가고 있음을 인식하였다. 이러한 발견들에 기초로 하여, 연구자들은 복수전공 프로그램이 한국의 교사 교육 프로그램들에 어떻게 적용되어질 수 있는지에 대하여 논의하고 있다.

일반교육과 특수교육의 이중 프로그램에 대한 탐색

KangJong-Gu,Foley Dormot,KimJung Hyun 한국시각장애교육·재활학회 2008 시각장애연구 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구는 일반 교육과 특수교육을 동시에 배우는 복수전공 프로그램의 수업들을 가지는 두 명의 예비 교사들이 복수전공 프로그램과 통합교육에 대하여 어떻게 생각하는지에 대하여 탐구하였다. 연구자들은 두 명의 예비교사들이 통합교육 학급에서 장애로 명칭되어지는 학생들을 지원해 주고 싶어서 복수전공 프로그램을 다니기로 결정하였음을 발견하였다. 연구자들은 또한 두 명의 예비 교사들이 복수전공 프로그램의 수업들을 가지는 동안 장애와 통합교육에 대한 이해를 발전시켜 나가고 있음을 인식하였다. 이러한 발견들에 기초로 하여, 연구자들은 복수전공 프로그램이 한국의 교사 교육 프로그램들에 어떻게 적용되어질 수 있는지에 대하여 논의하고 있다.

Molecular epidemiologic study of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 outbreak in haemophiliacs B infected through clotting factor 9 after 1990

Cho, Y. K.,Foley, B. T.,Sung, H.,Kim, Y. B.,Kim, J. H. S. Karger 2007 Vox Sanguinis Vol.92 No.2

<P>Background and Objectives </P><P>Twenty haemophiliacs were diagnosed as infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), 1 to 2 years after exposure to clotting factor 9 manufactured in Korea, beginning in early 1990. This study assessed the genetic relationships between viruses found in plasma donors and haemophiliacs.</P><P>Materials and Methods </P><P>Sequencing of the <I>nef</I> and <I>pol</I> genes of viruses from infected haemophiliacs, plasma donors whose plasma was used in domestic clotting factor manufacture, haemophiliacs infected outside Korea, and local controls were determined by nested polymerase chain reactions and direct DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the relationships among the sequences.</P><P>Results </P><P>Both plasma donors and the haemophiliacs were infected with a subclade of subtype B that is a founder effect lineage in Korea.</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>Our data indicate that HIV-1 transmission to 20 haemophiliacs occurred through intravenous injection of Korean-made clotting factor.</P><P>Summary </P><P>A clotting factor made in Korea from blood from cash-paid donors infected at least 20 haemophiliacs with HIV-1 subtype B.</P>

Optimal Number of Customers and Buffer Allocation in a Two-Node Cyclic Network

Park, Byung Chun,Foley, Robert D. 延世大學校經濟硏究所 1996 延世經濟硏究 Vol.3 No.2

We deal with network design problems for a two-node cyclic queueing network with blocking. The network we consider has multiple general servers at one node and multiple exponetial servers at the other node. We show that there is a single queue which is stochastically equivalent to the network and hence the throughput of the network is detemined as that of this equivalent queue. Under certain conditions, we show there are very simple rules to determine the optimal allocation of buffer capacity and the optimal number of customers which maximize throughput of the network.

Stability of the IEP Status of Student’s in the United States: Analyses of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort

김지련,John T. Foley 한국특수교육학회 2011 특수교육학연구 Vol.45 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine how school urbanicity, school size, family socioeconomic status, students’ gender, and students’ race/ethnicity impact the stability of students’ IEP status. The stability of students’ IEP status as well as the types of IEP status changes they experienced between kindergarten and fifth grade were examined in relation to their individual background characteristics and to the characteristics of the schools they attend. In this study, students who have had IEPs between kindergarten and fifth grade were classified into either a “maintained” group or a “declassified” group. The “maintained” group includes both students who maintained their IEP status from kindergarten through fifth grade and the students who did not have an IEP at kindergarten but gained one after kindergarten. The “declassified” group includes students who had their IEPs at kindergarten but were declassified between kindergarten and fifth grade. A logistic regression analysis of the data (n = 1,050) extracted from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) Restricted‐Use dataset reveals that urban schools have a higher ratio of students who maintained or gained their IEP status between kindergarten and fifth grade than mid‐size suburban schools and small town/rural schools.