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Rui Moreira,Fernando Bimbela,Noemí Gil-Lalaguna,José Luis Sánchez,António Portugal 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.101 No.-
Using lignocellulosic char instead of the original biomass avoids the need for costly cleaning andconditioning stages of the producer gasification gas. However, lignocellulosic char gasification has beenless extensively studied than gasification of lignocellulosic biomass, and a review of published works onthis topic was missing. In this review the present status of char gasification technologies and their futureprospects are critically discussed, including possible research opportunities. To date, most studies onchar gasification have been performed in thermogravimetric analyzers (TGA) or TGA-like experimentalsetups. The major setback of TGA and TGA-like equipment is that they do not mimic the actual reactionconditions occurring in gasification reactors, which impedes a direct extrapolation of thefindings duringthe scale-up of different gasification technologies. For this reason, in this literature review focus was puton studies undertaken in industrially relevant reactors, both in batch and continuous configurations. Overall, char gasification can be deemed a valid alternative for clean syngas production, contributing toan integral valorization of lignocellulosic residues within different biorefinery schemes. Of these, processintensification by microwave heating offers interesting opportunities for research and scaling-up, thoughefforts must be directed toward developing continuous microwave-assisted gasification processes.
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Andrea Navarro-Puyuelo,Inés Reyero,Ainara Moral,Fernando Bimbela,Miguel A. Bañares,Luis M. Gandía 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.80 No.-
Dry reforming and partial oxidation of biogas were studied using 0.5 wt.% Rh/Al2O3 catalysts, both inhouseprepared and commercial. The effects of O2 addition on syngas yield and biogas conversion werestudied at 700 C using different O2/CH4 ratios in the gas feeding stream: 0 (dry reforming), 0.12, 0.25,0.45 and 0.50. The highest CH4 conversion, H2 yield and H2/CO molar ratio were obtained with an O2/CH4ratio of 0.45, even though simultaneous valorization of both CH4 and CO2 could be best attained when theO2/CH4 ratio was 0.12. Increased biogas conversions and syngas yields were obtained by increasingreaction temperatures between 650 and 750 C. A detrimental influence on catalytic activity could beobserved when the catalyst was subjected to calcination. Increasing the hold time of the thermalconditioning of the catalyst under inertflow altered Rh dispersion, though had no significant impact oncatalyst performance in the dry reforming of methane at 700 C and 150 N L CH4/(gcat h). Characterizationof spent samples after reaction by Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of carbonaceous deposits ofdifferent nature, especially on the commercial (named as Rh com) and calcined (Rh calc) catalysts, thoughoxygen addition in the biogas feed significantly reduced the amount of these deposits. The Rh catalyststhat had not been calcined after impregnation (Rh prep) did not present any noticeable characteristicpeaks in the G and D bands. In particular, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images ofthe spent Rh prep sample revealed the presence of very highly dispersed Rh nanoparticles after reaction,of particle sizes of about 1 nm, and no noticeable C deposits. Combined oxy-CO2 reforming of biogas usinghighly dispersed and low metal-loading Rh/Al2O3 catalysts with low O2 dosage in the reactor feed can beused to effectively transform biogas into syngas.
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