Grapefruit Juice Modulates Bone Quality in Rats

Farzad Deyhim,Kranthi Mandadi,Bahram Faraji,Bhimanagouda S. Patil 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

Hypogonadism and oxidative stress increase the risk for developing osteoporosis. The objective of this researchwas to evaluate the efficacy of drinking grapefruit juice on bone quality in orchidectomized (ORX) and non-ORX rats. Fifty-six 90-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into four groupsnon-ORX rats (sham), sham. grapefruitjuice, ORX, and ORX. grapefruit juiceand treated for 60 days. Thereafter, all rats were sacrificed to determine the plasmaantioxidant status, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and indices of bone turnover, bone quality, and calcium and magne-sium concentrations in the bone, urine, and feces. Orchidectomy decreased (P. .05) antioxidant status, bone quality, andbone mineral contents and increased (P. .05) indices of bone turnover, urinary deoxypridinoline, calcium, and magnesium,and fecal calcium excretions. In contrast to the ORX group, ORX rats that drank grapefruit juice had an increase (P. .05)in antioxidant status, bone density, and bone mineral contents, delayed femoral fracture, and slowed down (P. .05) boneturnover rate and tended to have a decrease (P. .08) in urinary deoxypridinoline. In sham-treated animals, drinking grape-fruit juice increased (P. .05) bone density and tended to increase the femoral strength. The concentration of IGF-I in theplasma was not affected across treatments. In conclusion, drinking grapefruit juice positively affected bone quality by en-hancing bone mineral deposition in ORX rats and by improving bone density in non-ORX rats via an undefined mechanism.

Vitamin E Does Not Modulate Plasma Lipid Profile or C-Reactive Protein Despite Suppressing Oxidative Stress in Orchiectomized Rats

Farzad Deyhim,Cheri Gonzales,Claudia Garcia,Arnulfo Villarreal,Kristi Garcia,Ryan Rios,Kranthi Mandadi,Bhimanagouda S. Patil 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.3

Vitamin E is known to improve antioxidant status and to prevent lipoprotein oxidation. However, the effectof vitamin E on other cardiovascular risk factors, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile status, in orchiectomizedrats is unknown. In the present study, 32 1-year-old male rats were randomized into two groups: a sham-control group (n .8) and an orchiectomized group (n . 24). The orchiectomized group was divided into three groups of eight and assigned toone of the following treatments: orchiectomy (ORX), ORX . vitamin E mixture (65.6 mg/kg) diet, or ORX . vitamin Emixture (656 mg/kg) diet. For 120 days all four groups consumed a basal AIN-93M diet, while the vitamin E groups ate di-ets containing an additional vitamin E mixture. Four months after the study began, all the rats were killed, the blood was col-lected, and the plasma was assayed for antioxidant status, CRP, lipid profile, and indices of peroxidation. ORX decreased(P. .05) the plasma antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and CRP level and increased (P. .05) theplasma malondialdeyde, nitrite, and lipid profile compared with that of the sham-control group. In contrast to the ORX group,supplementation with vitamin E mixture increased (P. .05) plasma antioxidant status and dose-dependently increased (P..05) SOD activity, while the vitamin E decreased (P. .05) plasma malondialdeyde and nitrite. The vitamin E mixture hadno effect on CRP or on lipid profiles when compared to the orchiectomized rats. In conclusion, vitamin E appears to reduceoxidative stress without modulating lipid profile or inflammatory response.

Cranberry Juice Increases Antioxidant Status Without Affecting Cholesterol Homeostasis in Orchidectomized Rats

Farzad Deyhim,Bhimanagouda S. Patil,Arnulfo Villarreal,Erica Lopez,Kristi Garcia,Ryan Rios,Claudia Garcia,Cheri Gonzales,Kranthi Mandadi 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.1

Oxidative stress and hypogonadism are linked to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in males.The objective of this research was to delineate whether drinking cranberry juice for 4 months affects antioxidant capacity andlipid profile in orchidectomized rats. Thirty-two 1-year-old male rats were randomized to two groups: a sham-control group(n . 8) and an orchidectomized group (n . 24). The orchidectomized group was divided into three groups of eight and as-cranberry juice. At 120 days after initiation of the study, all rats were killed, blood was collected, and plasma was harvestedfor total antioxidant status, malondialdehyde, nitrate. nitrite, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver, and concen-trations of cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and in plasma. Orchidectomy depressed (P. .05) plasma antioxidant capac-ity and SOD activity, elevated (P. .05) nitrate. nitrite and malondialdehyde in plasma, and increased (P. .05) triglycerideand cholesterol values in liver and in plasma. Cranberry juice increased (P. .05) plasma antioxidant capacity and SOD ac-P. .05) nitrate. nitrite and malondialdehyde concentrations. Drinking cranberry juice did not affect cho-lesterol concentrations in liver and in plasma. Triglyceride concentration in plasma of orchidectomized rats that were drink-ing cranberry juice increased (P. .05), but its concentration in liver decreased (P. .05) to the level of shams. The protectiveeffect of cranberry juice from oxidative damage may be mediated by a decrease in nitrate. nitrite and dose-dependent de-crease in peroxidation.

Citrus Juice Modulates Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Profiles in Orchidectomized Rats

Farzad Deyhim,Erica Lopez,Julia Gonzalez,Michelle Garcia,Bhimanagouda S. Patil 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.3

Oxidative stress and hypogonadism are two factors linked to the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseasein males. Eating fruits and vegetables is known to reduce the incidences of oxidative stress. The objective of this researchwas to delineate whether drinking daily squeezed orange juice (OJ) or grapefruit juice (GJ) modulates oxidative stress andantioxidant enzymes while impacting cardiovascular risk factors in hypogonad male rats. In the present study, 36 1-year-oldmale rats were equally divided among the following four treatments: sham (control), orchidectomized (ORX), ORX. OJ,and ORX. GJ. After 60 days of drinking OJ or GJ, antioxidant capacity, cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum and super-oxide dismutase (SOD), catalyase (CAT), cholesterol, and triglycerides in liver were evaluated. Serum antioxidant capacityand SOD and CAT activities decreased (P. .05), while serum cholesterol and liver triglycerides increased (P. .05) in theORX group compared with the sham group. In contrast to the ORX group, drinking OJ was ineffective while drinking GJ de-creased (P. .05) cholesterol concentration in liver and in serum. Nevertheless, OJ and GJ decreased (P .05) triglycerideconcentration in liver and increased (P. .05) serum antioxidant capacity and SOD and CAT activities compared with theORX group. In conclusion, drinking OJ or GJ prevented oxidative stress by enhancing total antioxidant capacity and elevat-ing liver antioxidant enzymes while modulating cardiovascular risk factors.

Feeding Orange Pulp Improved Bone Quality in a Rat Model of Male Osteoporosis

Morrow, Rori,Deyhim, Farzad,Patil, Bhimanagouda S.,Stoecker, Barbara J. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to bone loss. We evaluated the effects of feeding orange pulp (OP), a source of vitamin C and flavonoids, on bone quality in a rat model of male osteoporosis. One-year-old retired breeder rats (n = 43) were orchidectomized (ORX) or sham-operated (SHAM). Three days postsurgery, ORX rats were randomly assigned to treatments: ORX or ORX with 2.5% OP, 5% OP, or 10% OP. Diets were isonitrogenous, isocaloric, modified AIN-93M diets with equal fiber content. All ORX rats were fed for 4 months to the mean food intake of the SHAM group. At the end of the study blood, urine and bone samples were collected. Plasma antioxidant capacity and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were determined. Bone density, structure, and strength were assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and finite element analyses. ORX decreased (P < .05) antioxidant status, while OP as low as 2.5% maintained the antioxidant capacity of ORX rats comparable to that of the SHAM group. Cortical thickness at the tibial midshaft was significantly decreased by ORX and increased by OP, and urinary DPD was significantly increased by ORX and decreased by OP. In fourth lumbar trabecular cores, ORX rats had significantly reduced bone volume fraction, connectivity density, and trabecular number and increased trabecular separation. OP significantly increased bone volume fraction and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation in ORX rats. Improvements due to OP in microarchitectural properties of vertebral bones and in cortical thickness of long bones were subtle but significant. The consistently negative impacts of ORX on bone density, structure, and strength parameters confirm the previously reported importance of testosterone for bone.

Feeding Orange Pulp Improved Bone Quality in a Rat Model of Male Osteoporosis

Rori Morrow,Farzad Deyhim,Barbara J. Stoecker,Bhimanagouda S. Patil 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to bone loss. We evaluated the effects of feeding orange pulp (OP), a source of vitamin C and flavonoids, on bone quality in a rat model of male osteoporosis. One-year-old retired breeder rats (n = 43) were orchidectomized (ORX) or sham-operated (SHAM). Three days postsurgery, ORX rats were randomly assigned to treatments: ORX or ORX with 2.5% OP, 5% OP, or 10% OP. Diets were isonitrogenous, isocaloric, modified AIN-93M diets with equal fiber content. All ORX rats were fed for 4 months to the mean food intake of the SHAM group. At the end of the study blood, urine and bone samples were collected. Plasma antioxidant capacity and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were determined. Bone density, structure, and strength were assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and finite element analyses. ORX decreased (P < .05) antioxidant status, while OP as low as 2.5% maintained the antioxidant capacity of ORX rats comparable to that of the SHAM group. Cortical thickness at the tibial midshaft was significantly decreased by ORX and increased by OP, and urinary DPD was significantly increased by ORX and decreased by OP. In fourth lumbar trabecular cores, ORX rats had significantly reduced bone volume fraction, connectivity density, and trabecular number and increased trabecular separation. OP significantly increased bone volume fraction and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation in ORX rats. Improvements due to OP in microarchitectural properties of vertebral bones and in cortical thickness of long bones were subtle but significant. The consistently negative impacts of ORX on bone density, structure, and strength parameters confirm the previously reported importance of testosterone for bone.

Drinking Orange Juice Increases Total Antioxidant Status and Decreases Lipid Peroxidation in Adults

Shahrzad Foroudi,Andrew S. Potter,Alexis Stamatikos,Bhimanagouda S. Patil,Farzad Deyhim 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.5

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world and is the primary cause of mortality among Americans. One of the many reasons for the pathogenesis of CVD is attributed to eating diets high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates and low in fruits and vegetables. Epidemiological evidence has supported a strong association between eating diets rich in fruits and vegetables and cardiovascular health. An experiment was conducted utilizing 24 adults with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia to evaluate the impact of drinking 20 fl oz of freshly squeezed orange juice daily for 90 days on blood pressure, lipid panels, plasma antioxidant capacity, metabolic hormones, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory markers. Except for addition of drinking orange juice, subjects did not modify their eating habits. The findings suggested that drinking orange juice does not affect (P > .1) blood pressure, lipid panels, metabolic hormones, body fat percentage, or inflammatory markers. However, total plasma antioxidant capacity was significantly increased (P < .05) and lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased (P < .05) after orange juice consumption. Drinking orange juice may protect the cardiovascular system by increasing total plasma antioxidant status and by lowering lipid peroxidation independent of other cardiovascular risk markers evaluated in this study.