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Acute neuro-biochemical changes induced by nitrogen-tungsten co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Farooqi Hafiz Muhammad Umer,Lee Johoo,Lee Cheong-Ah,Im Seung-Uk,Farooqi Muhammad Awais,Gul Tasbiha,Siddiqui Ghayas Uddin,Paeng Dong-Guk 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-
Nitrogen-tungsten co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (W-N-doped TiO2 NPs) are employed for the photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants. However, the potential impact of these nanoparticles on the central nervous system remains a subject of concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs on neurophysiological and biochemical parameters of healthy rat brains, including behavioral monitoring, electroencephalogram analysis, and oxidative stress markers quantification. Intraperitoneal administration of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs to rats revealed abnormal brain electrical activity and an altered sense of balance in the treated rats. The ability of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs to cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the brain leads to oxidative stress damage, supported by the elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite concentration, and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, exposure to W-N-doped TiO2 NPs significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme levels, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, impacting a significant decrease in dopamine and acetylcholinesterase within the rat neural tissue. Furthermore, the inflammatory biomarker tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine significantly increased in response to W-N-doped TiO2 NPs. The findings revealed the adverse effects of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs on the electrical activity of rat brains and the altered concentration of various neuro-biomarkers, highlighting their potential neurotoxicity.
Real-time monitoring of liver fibrosis through embedded sensors in a microphysiological system
FAROOQI HAFIZ MUHAMMAD UMER,Kang Bohye,Khalid Muhammad Asad Ullah,Salih Abdul Rahim Chethikkattuveli,Hyun Kinam,박성혁,Huh Dongeun,최경현 나노기술연구협의회 2021 Nano Convergence Vol.8 No.3
Hepatic fibrosis is a foreshadowing of future adverse events like liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and cancer. Hepatic stellate cell activation is the main event of liver fibrosis, which results in excessive extracellular matrix deposition and hepatic parenchyma's disintegration. Several biochemical and molecular assays have been introduced for in vitro study of the hepatic fibrosis progression. However, they do not forecast real-time events happening to the in vitro models. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is used in cell culture science to measure cell monolayer barrier integrity. Herein, we explored TEER measurement's utility for monitoring fibrosis development in a dynamic cell culture microphysiological system. Immortal HepG2 cells and fibroblasts were co-cultured, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was used as a fibrosis stimulus to create a liver fibrosis-on-chip model. A glass chip-based embedded TEER and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensors were employed to gauge the effect of TGF-β1 within the microphysiological system, which promotes a positive feedback response in fibrosis development. Furthermore, albumin, Urea, CYP450 measurements, and immunofluorescent microscopy were performed to correlate the following data with embedded sensors responses. We found that chip embedded electrochemical sensors could be used as a potential substitute for conventional end-point assays for studying fibrosis in microphysiological systems.
miR-421, miR-155 and miR-650: Emerging Trends of Regulation of Cancer and Apoptosis
Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad,Qureshi, Muhammad Zahid,Coskunpinar, Ender,Naqvi, Syed Kamran-Ul-Hassan,Yaylim, Ilhan,Ismail, Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5
It is becoming progressively more understandable that between transcription and translation there lies another versatile regulator that quantitatively controls the expression of mRNAs. Identification of miRNAs as key regulators of wide ranging signaling cascades and modulators of different cell-type and context dependent activities attracted basic and clinical scientists to study modes and mechanisms in details. In line with this approach overwhelmingly increasing in vivo and in vitro studies are deepening our understanding regarding miR-421, mir-155 and miR-650 mediated regulation of cellular activities. We also attempt to provide an overview of long non coding RNAs.
Recently Emerging Signaling Landscape of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Kinase
Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad,Attar, Rukset,Arslan, Belkis Atasever,Romero, Mirna Azalea,ul Haq, Muhammad Fahim,Qadir, Muhammad Imran Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.16
Research over the years has progressively and sequentially provided near complete resolution of regulators of the DNA repair pathways which are so important for cancer prevention. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), a high-molecular-weight PI3K-family kinase has emerged as a master regulator of DNA damage signaling and extensive cross-talk between ATM and downstream proteins forms an interlaced signaling network. There is rapidly growing scientific evidence emphasizing newly emerging paradigms in ATM biology. In this review, we provide latest information regarding how oxidative stress induced activation of ATM can be utilized as a therapeutic target in different cancer cell lines and in xenografted mice. Moreover, crosstalk between autophagy and ATM is also discussed with focus on how autophagy inhibition induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
Citrus Fruits and their Bioactive Ingredients: Leading Four Horsemen from Front
Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad,Wang, Zhiqiang,Hasnain, Sidra,Attar, Rukset,Aslam, Ayesha,Mansoor, Qaisar,Ismail, Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6
Cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and rapidly accumulating high impact research is deepening our understanding related to the mechanisms underlying cancer development, progression and resistance to therapeutics. Increasingly it is being realized that genetic/epigenetic mutations, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, overexpression of oncogenes, deregulation of intracellular signaling cascades and loss of apoptosis are some of the extensively studied aspects. Confluence of information suggested that rapidly developing resistance to therapeutics is adding another layer of complexity and overwhelmingly increasing preclinical studies are identifying different natural agents with efficacy and minimal off-target effects. We partition this multi-component review into citrus fruits and their bioactive ingredients mediating rebalancing of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. We also discuss how oncogenic protein networks are targeted in cancer cells and how these findings may be verified in preclinical studies.
Drugs from Marine Sources: Modulation of TRAIL Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad,Attar, Rukset,Gasparri, Maria Luisa Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20
There have been overwhelming advances in molecular oncology and data obtained through high-throughput technologies have started to shed light on wide ranging molecular mechanisms that underpin cancer progression. Increasingly it is being realized that marine micro-organisms and the biodiversity of plankton are rich sources of various anticancer compounds. Marine derived compounds play major roles in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. More importantly, various agents have been noted to enhance TRAIL induced apoptosis in cancer cells by functionalizing intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In this commentary, a list of marine derived compounds reported to induce apoptosis is discussed.
The biological complexity of RKIP signaling in human cancers
Ammad Ahmad Farooqi,Yiwei Li,Fazlul H Sarkar 생화학분자생물학회 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.-
The Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) has been demonstrated to modulate different intracellular signaling pathways in cancers. Studies have shown that RKIP is frequently downregulated in cancers; therefore, attempts have been made to upregulate the expression of RKIP using natural and synthetic agents for the treatment of human malignancies. Moreover, various regulators such as specific proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the regulation of RKIP expression have also been identified. RKIP mechanistically modulates the apoptotic regulators of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signaling. Because of its critical role in human cancers, RKIP has drawn much research attention, and our understanding is expanding rapidly. Here, we summarize some of the biological complexities of RKIP regulation. However, we restrict our discussion to selected tumors by focusing on TRAIL, miRNAs and natural agents. Emerging evidence suggests a role for natural agents in RKIP regulation in cancer cells; therefore, naturally occurring agents may serve as cancer-targeting agents for cancer treatment. Although the literature suggests some advancement in our knowledge of RKIP biology, it is incomplete with regard to its preclinical and clinical efficacy; thus, further research is warranted. Furthermore, the mechanism by which chemotherapeutic drugs and novel compounds modulate RKIP and how nanotechnologically delivered RKIP can be therapeutically exploited remain to be determined.
A Collaborative decision making for distributed detection system
Ashfaq Hussain Farooqi(아쉬팍 후세인 파루키),Wang Jin(왕진),Farrukh Aslam Khan(파루크 아슬람 칸),Sungyoung Lee(이승룡) 한국정보과학회 2011 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.38 No.1D
Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are supposed to be an efficient safety measure against inside attacks. In purely distributed IDS approach, IDS agent is installed in every node. It checks abnormal behavior of neighboring nodes locally. It collects the data that it receives from nodes in its radio range. Sensor nodes audit that data and generate alerts for abnormal activity. Here, there are two ways of taking decision. First, it can take decision individually and second, it can communicate with its neighbor to find the status of the claimed compromised nodes. In this paper, we propose a collaborative decision making scheme for purely distributed detection system. The proposed scheme is light weight compared to consensus based validation methodology. It provides a better scheme to find intrusions by interacting with other nodes.