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      • KCI등재

        Cross-cultural Validation of Instruments Measuring Health Beliefs about Colorectal Cancer Screening among Korean Americans

        Lee, Shin-Young,Lee, Eunice E. 한국간호과학회 2015 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.45 No.1

        Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the instrument modification and validation processes to make existing health belief model scales culturally appropriate for Korean Americans (KAs) regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization. Methods: Instrument translation, individual interviews using cognitive interviewing, and expert reviews were conducted during the instrument modification phase, and a pilot test and a cross-sectional survey were conducted during the instrument validation phase. Data analyses of the cross-sectional survey included internal consistency and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The main issues identified during the instrument modification phase were (a) cultural and linguistic translation issues and (b) newly developed items reflecting Korean cultural barriers. Cross-sectional survey analyses during the instrument validation phase revealed that all scales demonstrate good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha=.72~.88). Exploratory factor analysis showed that susceptibility and severity loaded on the same factor, which may indicate a threat variable. Items with low factor loadings in the confirmatory factor analysis may relate to (a) lack of knowledge about fecal occult blood testing and (b) multiple dimensions of the subscales. Conclusion: Methodological, sequential processes of instrument modification and validation, including translation, individual interviews, expert reviews, pilot testing and a cross-sectional survey, were provided in this study. The findings indicate that existing instruments need to be examined for CRC screening research involving KAs.

      • KCI등재

        Korean Americans’ Beliefs about Colorectal Cancer Screening

        이신영,Eunice E. Lee 한국간호과학회 2013 Asian Nursing Research Vol.7 No.2

        Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess Korean Americans’ (KAs) health and cultural beliefs about colorectal cancer (CRC) and their CRC screening utilization in order to understand how health and cultural beliefs play a role in CRC screening utilization and why KAs have a low rate of CRC screening. Methods: Face-to-face, individual interviews with 26 Korean immigrants aged 50 and older were conducted in Korean. A semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions was used to explore participants’ health and cultural beliefs about CRC and CRC screening. Recorded audio interviews were transcribed verbatim in Korean and coded using thematic analysis. Results: The themes that emerged from analyzing the individual interview data were: (a) valuing their families before themselves; (b) seeing a doctor only if they have symptoms; (c) believing that they would not get CRC; (d) balancing the will to stay healthy and fatalism; and (e) refusing health information. Conclusion: Results show the critical need for in-depth understanding of unique health and cultural beliefs about CRC screening in KAs. These beliefs could be useful for future intervention strategies to change health and cultural beliefs in order to increase CRC screening participation in KAs. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess Korean Americans’ (KAs) health and cultural beliefs about colorectal cancer (CRC) and their CRC screening utilization in order to understand how health and cultural beliefs play a role in CRC screening utilization and why KAs have a low rate of CRC screening. Methods: Face-to-face, individual interviews with 26 Korean immigrants aged 50 and older were conducted in Korean. A semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions was used to explore participants’ health and cultural beliefs about CRC and CRC screening. Recorded audio interviews were transcribed verbatim in Korean and coded using thematic analysis. Results: The themes that emerged from analyzing the individual interview data were: (a) valuing their families before themselves; (b) seeing a doctor only if they have symptoms; (c) believing that they would not get CRC; (d) balancing the will to stay healthy and fatalism; and (e) refusing health information. Conclusion: Results show the critical need for in-depth understanding of unique health and cultural beliefs about CRC screening in KAs. These beliefs could be useful for future intervention strategies to change health and cultural beliefs in order to increase CRC screening participation in KAs.

      • Synthesis and <i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial Activity of Novel 3‐Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanyl Oxazolidinones

        Bhattarai, Deepak,Lee, Sun H.,Seo, Seon H.,Nam, Ghilsoo,Kang, Soon B.,Pae, Ae N.,Kim, Eunice E.,Oh, Taegwon,Cho, Sang‐,Nae,Keum, Gyochang Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Chemical biology & drug design Vol.80 No.3

        <P>We synthesized a series of oxazolidinone‐type antibacterials in which morpholine C‐ring of linezolid has been modified by substituted 3‐azabicyclo[3.3.0]octanyl rings. Acetamide or 1,2,3‐triazole heterocycle was used as C‐5 side chain of oxazolidinone. The resulting series of compounds was then screened <I>in vitro</I> against panel of susceptible and resistant Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria, and <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> (Mtb). Several analogs in this series exhibited potent <I>in vitro</I> antibacterial activity comparable or superior to linezolid against the tested bacteria. Compounds <B>10a</B>, <B>10b</B>, <B>11a</B>, and <B>15a</B> displayed highly potent activity against <I>M.?tuberculosis</I>. Selected compound <B>10b</B> showed good human microsomal stability and CYP‐profile, and showed low activity against hERG channel.</P>

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