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Do Savant Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorders Share Sex Differences? A Comprehensive Review
Navarro-Pardo Esperanza,Alonso-Esteban Yurena,Alcantud-Marín Francisco,Murphy Mike 대한소아청소년 정신의학회 2023 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.34 No.2
Savant syndrome was described before autism. However, they soon became closely associated, as many of their symptoms (intellectual disability, repetitive behaviors, alterations in social communication, and islets of abilities) overlap. Only a few women with autism have been diagnosed with savant syndrome. The theories or hypotheses that attempt to explain savant syndrome, which are common in autism, present differential treatment according to sex. We postulate that savant syndrome associated with autism as well as autism in general is underdiagnosed in women.
Diana M. Hernández-Corona,Esperanza Martínez-Abundis,Manuel González-Ortiz 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.7
The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of fucoidan administration on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in overweight or obese adults. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 25 obese or overweight volunteers. Thirteen patients received an oral dose of 500 mg of fucoidan once daily before breakfast and 12 patients received placebo for 3 months. Before and after the intervention, fasting glucose and 2-h postload, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels were measured. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and homeostasis model analysis formulas (HOMA) for b-cell function and insulin resistance were calculated. The results showed a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (71.7 – 12.2 vs. 67.8 – 13.8 mmHg; P < .05) and LDL-C (3.1 – 0.5 vs. 2.7 – 0.6 mmol/l; P < .01) with increase in insulin levels (60.6 – 24.0 vs. 78.6 – 32.4 pmol/l; P < .05), HOMA b-cell (35.0 – 20.8 vs. 50.6 – 18.7; P < .05) and HOMA IR (1.9 – 1.2 vs. 2.6 – 1.8; P < .05) were observed after fucoidan administration. We conclude that fucoidan administration during a 3-month period in overweight or obese adults decreased diastolic blood pressure and LDL-C concentrations, increasing insulin secretion and insulin resistance.
Momordica charantia Administration Improves Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Marisol Cortez-Navarrete,Esperanza Martınez-Abundis,Karina G. Perez-Rubio,Manuel Gonzalez-Ortiz,Miriam Mendez-del Villar 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.7
An improvement in parameters of glycemic control has been observed with Momordica charantia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unknown whether this improvement is through a modification of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or both. We hypothesized that M. charantia administration can improve insulin secretion and/or insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM, without pharmacological treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of M. charantia administration on insulin secretion and sensitivity. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients who received M. charantia (2000 mg/day) or placebo for 3 months. A 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done before and after the intervention to calculate areas under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, total insulin secretion (insulinogenic index), first phase of insulin secretion (Stumvoll index), and insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index). In the M. charantia group, there were significant decreases in weight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C), 2-h glucose in OGTT, and AUC of glucose. A significant increase in insulin AUC (56,562 ± 36,078 vs. 65,256 ± 42,720 pmol/L/min, P = .043), in total insulin secretion (0.29 ± 0.18 vs. 0.41 ± 0.29, P = .028), and during the first phase of insulin secretion (557.8 ± 645.6 vs. 1135.7 ± 725.0, P = .043) was observed after M. charantia administration. Insulin sensitivity was not modified with any intervention. In conclusion, M. charantia administration reduced A1C, 2-h glucose, glucose AUC, weight, BMI, fat percentage, and WC, with an increment of insulin AUC, first phase and total insulin secretion.
Yolanda T. Garcia,Maria Esperanza T. Garcia,Arnulfo G. Garcia 한국무역학회 2019 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2019 No.08
This study aims to estimate the welfare gains of the Philippine milkfish industry in establishing local fry hatcheries to reduce imports from Indonesia and Taiwan. It also seeks to establish the industry stakeholders who gain from this import substitution industrialization (ISI). The economic surplus model was used to estimate the welfare gains from ISI of hatchery-bred milkfish fry in the fishery sector. Specifically, the changes in consumer and/or producer surplus per stakeholder were compared to determine who the biggest gainers are. Results of the study showed that the consumer surplus from the milkfish fry industry was larger than its producer surplus. On the other hand, the reverse was true for the grow-out industry. It is interesting to note that the consumers in the fry industry and the producer in the grow-out industry were the same set of stakeholders, i.e., the milkfish grow-out operators, who gained the most from the ISI of the hatchery-bred fry. The study also showed that the commercialization of the local milkfish hatchery technologies can bring about more benefits to the country than importing frys and fingerlings. Hence, ISI of local hatcheries for other aquaculture species can be expected to bring similar welfare gains. More importantly, the technical and financial assistance that were extended by the government’s fishery sector through the GAINEX project as pioneered by DOST-PCAARRD can serve as an effective catalysts to prospective hatchery operators in reducing the risks, especially when setting-up a new enterprise like the hatchery-bred fry for an emerging aquaculture species in the country.
Juan M. León-Martínez,Esperanza Martínez-Abundis,Manuel González-Ortiz,Karina G. Pérez-Rubio 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.2
To evaluate the effect of berberine (BBR) plus bezafibrate administration on the lipid profile of patients with mixed dyslipidemia. A double-blind randomized pilot clinical trial with parallel groups was carried out in 36 patients, aged 30–60 years with mixed dyslipidemia [triglycerides (TG) ≥1.7 mM and total cholesterol (TC) ≥5.2 mM]. Patients were assigned to 3 groups of 12 patients each, receiving oral administration during 90 days of BBR 500 mg t.i.d., bezafibrate 400 mg b.i.d., or BBR 500 mg t.i.d. plus bezafibrate 400 mg b.i.d, respectively. Clinical evaluation, lipid profile, glucose, creatinine, and uric acid levels were measured before and after the pharmacological intervention. Kruskal–Wallis, Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used for statistical analyses; a P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. BBR reduced TC levels. Bezafibrate decreased TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations. BBR plus bezafibrate decreased TG (2.6 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7 mM, P = .007), TC (6.3 ± 0.7 vs. 4.6 ± 1.2 mM, P = .005), LDL-C (3.4 ± 0.6 vs. 2.2 ± 1.3 mM, P = .037), and VLDL (0.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.2 ± 0.1 mM, P = .007) levels. Bezafibrate and BBR plus bezafibrate significantly decreased TG, TC, LDL-C, and VLDL concentrations, and thus, remitting the diagnosis of mixed dyslipidemia in 90% of the patients.
Effect of Ursolic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Inflammation
Alejandra M. Ramırez-Rodrıguez,Manuel Gonzalez-Ortiz,Esperanza Martınez-Abundis,Natalhie Acuna Ortega 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.9
To evaluate the effect of ursolic acid on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients (30–60 years) with a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome without treatment. They were randomly assigned to two groups of 12 patients, each to receive orally 150 mg of ursolic acid or homologated placebo once a day for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the components of metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), and inflammation profile (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) were evaluated. After ursolic acid administration, the remission of metabolic syndrome occurred in 50% of patients (P = .005) with significant differences in body weight (75.7 ± 11.5 vs. 71 ± 11 kg, P = .002), body mass index (BMI) (29.9 + 3.6 vs. 24.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2, P = .049), waist circumference (93 ± 8.9 vs. 83 + 8.6 cm, P = .008), fasting glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 vs. 4.7 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = .002), and insulin sensitivity (3.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.2 ± 1.2, P = .003). Ursolic acid administration leads to transient remission of metabolic syndrome, reducing body weight, BMI, waist circumference and fasting glucose, as well as increasing insulin sensitivity.
Marisol Cortez-Navarrete,Miriam Mendez-del Villar,Esperanza Martınez-Abundis,Luis D. Lo´pez-Murillo,Miriam de J. Escobedo-Gutie´rrez,Lizet Y. Rosales-Rivera,Karina G. Perez-Rubio 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.6
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) administration on anthropometric measures in patients with obesity. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients with obesity. Twelve patients randomly received MC (2000 mg/day) for 12 weeks, and 12 patients received placebo. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, as well as clinical and laboratory determinations, were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results showed that while reductions in BW, BMI, WC, and body fat percentage were observed in the MC group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Significant decreases in triglycerides (TG) (1.9 ± 0.6 mM vs. 1.7 ± 0.7 mM, P ≤ .05) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (0.4 ± 0.1 mM vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mM, P ≤ .05) levels were found after the intervention with MC. In contrast, significant increases in BW (83.0 ± 10.7 kg vs. 84.6 ± 9.1 kg, P ≤ .05) and BMI (31.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2 vs. 33.0 ± 1.3 kg/m2, P ≤ .05) were observed in the placebo group. In conclusion, no significant reductions in BW, BMI, WC, and body fat percentage were observed after MC administration; however, MC significantly decreased TG and VLDL levels. The protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT04916379.