A Review on the Exposure to Benzene among Children in Schools, Preschools and Daycare Centres

Ernie Syazween Junaidi,Juliana Jalaludin,Abdul Rohim Tualeka 한국대기환경학회 2019 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.13 No.3

Benzene, has been measured in indoor environments for many decades and has been identified to cause variety of health effects. As children spend most of their time indoors such as daycare centre, preschool and school, they are more likely to be exposed to indoor air pollutants. This paper was aimed to evaluate 15 years (2003-2018) of investigations of exposure to benzene among children within indoor environments from worldwide studies. Among 24 papers evaluated, the most frequently studied environment was in primary school (54%) and the highest concentration of benzene was found in preschool at 148.0 μg/m3 in China. Benzene levels were found higher in indoors than outdoors for most of the studies. Active sampling techniques were used in 42% of studies that enable the determination of acute health effects on children during shortperiod of exposure time. Based on the papers evaluated in this study, most of the children are exposed to the inadequate environment during their time spent in indoor environments, which is not in compliance with the established standard of exposure to benzene and may lead to the increase of potential health risk. Besides, differences in sampling techniques and durations make it hard to compare the outcomes of the studies with health-effects guidelines. The evaluation from this study indicated a diversity of sampling approaches and techniques, pointing to the importance of establishment of standard method for collecting and reporting data, for both exposure and health effects.

Renewable Energy Development through Risk Management in INDONESIA

Prida Erni Kesuma,Laili Farah,Park Soo-jin(박수진) 대한전기학회 2021 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

전략 사업 접근을 위한 ‘도시 스마트n/X 및 관제’ 개념 발굴과 적용 예시

윤석찬(Ernie k sokchan Yun),김영진(Youngjin Kim),김경환(Kyonghwan Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2021 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

The concept of smart city is expected to gradually become a mega platform (PC + car + smartphone + city) of providing citizen (user)-centered space-time integrated services from the concept of simple digitalization such as AI and high-speed communication. Accordingly, it is inevitable to shift the city concept to smart n/X, a concept that can reflect the city spatiotemporal phase of the service data label, and furthermore, it can be seen as one of the future technology goals. In this study, the‘Smart n/X Shift’,‘Depth of Control × Category Item Discovery’, and Market Governance Service Marketing’ discovered in the in-house venture project developed by T Company for about a year from early 2020 to early 2021. The purpose of this study is to provide practical insights on the possibility of practical use of new business strategies and the possibility of expansion in other fields through analysis of three concepts.

Fuzzy-PID Controller Applied to a Refrigeration System

JONES ERNI SCHMITZ,FLAVIO VASCONCELOS DA SILVA,ANA MARIA FRATTINI FILETI,LINCOLN CAMARGO NEVES FILHO,VIVALDO SILVEIRA JÚNIOR§ 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.2

A refrigeration system exhibits a dynamic behavior on which the variables are interdependent and subjected to oscillation, hence, implicating necessity of changes on operating conditions and undesirable energy expenses. These characteristics ratify the importance of adequate dimensioning and equipment selection to ¯nd pre-de¯ned operating conditions such as, the maximum cooling capacity and the evaporating and condensing temperatures. The application of fuzzy control in industrial processes is growing fast in the last decades, mainly in processes whose ¯rst principle models require complex methods to be simulated. In these cases, the fuzzy controllers'capacity of acting correctly based only on expert knowledge and on the capacity of inter-relating all the variables of the process are attractive features. This work presents the experimental development and evaluation of fuzzy-PID controllers for the maintenance of the evaporating temperature in a chiller. The system was submitted to load and set-point disturbances accomplishing an analysis based upon error parameters and transient response. The results showed that fuzzy controllers were adapted satisfactorily.

Social Welfare and the Importance of Community in the Year 2000

Lightman, Ernie S. 한국국제지역사회개발학회 1998 地域社會開發學術誌 Vol.8 No.2

Is Ethnic Cultural Participation the Answer?: A Cultural Capacity Analysis

John Nguyet Erni 연세대학교 영어영문학과 BK21 Plus 사업단 2021 Situations: Cultural Studies in the Asian Context Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, I interrogate a much-discussed dimension in anti-racist work today, namely the role of “cultural participation” in developing strong social capital and a resilient cultural identity for ethnic minority groups. The notion of the “right to culture,” as enshrined in international human rights frameworks such as Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, has spawned robust cultural participation research in many cities and countries around the world. In many such contexts, the research prompted has gone well beyond mere access to legitimate forms of culture to encompass the vital development of language, education, class mobility, social service provisions, and of course an appreciation of the arts. Unfortunately, in many cases, there is rarely mention of indicators that directly address the needs of ethnic and linguistic minorities. In fact, in these research studies, sub-sector participation in the arts and culture has often been ignored. To address this gap, I conducted a detailed capacity analysis that aims to pave the way for a more formal cultural indicator survey development. I argue that the capacity analysis has implications for understanding the habitus and cultural dispositions of ethnic minority communities, which in turn sheds light on whether migrant ethnic marginalization can or cannot be ameliorated by participatory practices, especially the enjoyment and creative participation in the popular arts.

Polyazamacrocyclic Copper(Ⅱ) Complex Containing Optically Active Pendent Arm

Dyahningtyas, Tri Erny,Kim, Yang 고신대학교 자연과학연구소 2000 고신대학교 자연과학연구소 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

The macrocycle of 14-membered cyclam-like framework from tetramine, N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-methylpropane-l,3-diamine, was prepared by template reaction, which have been called azacylam. The crystal structure of the compound has been solved. The compound was crystallized in the trigonal system, space group P31, with the chemical formula, C_(18)H_(33)CuN_(5)O_(6)S₂; a=8.1300(10) Å, b=8.1300(10) Å, c=31.610(10) Å, α=90˚β=90˚ γ =120˚, Z=3, R=0.0796, R_(w)=0.1421. In this complex, the copper ion lies in a square-planar environment of four nitrogen donors, and the coordinating bond lengths between Cu-N are approximately 2.025Å, which are slightly different with normal Cu-N distances in cylam derivates which are 2.07Å. It seems that methyl substituent at position C2 and tertiary amine N5 affect to the Cu-N bond distance in the ring system.

Comparison of Dynamic Sorption and Hygroexpansion of Wood by Different Cyclic Hygrothermal Changing Effects

Tiantian Yang,Erni Ma 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.2

To investigate the dynamic sorptive and hygroexpansive behaviors of wood by different cyclic hygrothermal changing effects, poplar (populus euramericana Cv.) specimens, were exposed to dynamic sorption processes where relative humidity (RH) and temperature changed simultaneously in sinusoidal waves at 75-45% and 5-35℃ (condition A) and where RH changed sinusoidally at 75-45% but temperature was controlled at 20℃ (condition B), both for three cyclic periods of 1, 6, and 24 h. Moisture and dimensional changes measured during the cycling gave the following results: Moisture and transverse dimensional changes were generally sinusoidal. Moisture and dimensional amplitude increased with increasing cyclic period but all were lower for thicker specimens. The amplitude ratio of condition A to condition B ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 with the maximum value of 1.57 occurring at the shortest cyclic period, not as much as expected. T/R increased as cyclic period increased or specimen thickness decreased. T/R from condition B was weaker than that from condition A. Sorption and swelling hysteresis existed in both conditions. Sorption hysteresis was negatively related to cyclic period but in positive correlation with specimen thickness. Sorption hysteresis was found more obvious in condition B, while moisture sorption coefficient and humidity expansion coefficient showed the opposite results.

Mapping of Education Quality and E-Learning Readiness to Enhance Economic Growth in Indonesia

Setia PRAMANA,Erni Tri ASTUTI 한국유통과학회 2022 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: This study is aimed to map the provinces in Indonesia based on the education and ICT indicators using several unsupervised learning algorithms. Research design, data, and methodology: The education and ICT indicators such as studentteacher ratio, illiteracy rate, net enrolment ratio, internet access, computer ownership, are used. Several approaches to get deeper understanding on provincial strength and weakness based on these indicators are implemented. The approaches are Ensemble KMean and Fuzzy C Means clustering. Results: There are at least three clusters observed in Indonesia the education quality, participation, facilities and ICT Access. Cluster with high education quality and ICT access are consist of DKI Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Riau Islands, East Kalimantan and Bali. These provinces show rapid economic growth. Meanwhile the other cluster consisting of six provinces (NTT, West Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, North Maluku, and Papua) are the cluster with lower education quality and ICT development which impact their economic growth. Conclusions: The provinces in Indonesia are clustered into three group based on the education attainment and ICT indicators. Some provinces can directly implement elearning; however, more provinces need to improve the education quality and facilities as well as the ICT infrastructure before implementing the e-learning

Dimensional Responses of Wood Under Cyclical Changing Temperature at Constant Relative Humidity

Tiantian Yang,Erni Ma,Yi Shi 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.5

To investigate dimensional responses of wood under dynamic temperature condition, poplar (populous euramericana Cv.) specimens, 20 mm in radial (R) and tangential (T) directions with two thicknesses of 4 and 10 mm along the grain, were exposed to cyclic temperature changes in square wave between 25℃ and 40℃ at 60% relative humidity (RH) for three different cycling periods of 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. R and T dimensional changes measured during the cycling gave the following results: 1) Transverse dimensional changes of the specimens were generally square but at an opposite phase and lagged behind the imposed temperature changes. The phase lag was inversely correlated with cycling period, but positively related to specimen thickness, while the response amplitude was directly proportional to cycling period, but in a negative correlation with specimen thickness. 2) The specimens showed swelling hysteresis behavior. The heat shrinkage coefficient (HSC) became greater as cycling period increased or specimen thickness decreased. 3) Dimensional changes of the specimens produced deformation accumulation during repeated adsorption and desorption. The deformation accumulating ratio decreased with an increase in cycling period and specimen thickness. 4) Wood suffered 1.5 times as many dimensional changes per unit temperature variation as per unit humidity variation, and this deformation behaved even more seriously under static condition.