Immunologic Evaluation of Drug Allergy

Enrique Gómez,Maria Jose Torres,Cristobalina Mayorga,Miguel Blanca 대한천식알레르기학회 2012 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.4 No.5

Hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDR) consist of an individual abnormal response with the involvement of the immunological system. In addition to specific immunological mechanisms where specific antibodies or sensitised T cells participate, release of inflammatory mediators by non-specific immunological recognition may also occur. Within this category are one of the most common groups of drugs, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition to chemical drugs new emerging ones with an increasing protagonism are biological agents like humanised antibodies and others. For IgE dependent reactions both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used for the immunological evaluation. Sensitivity of these is not optimal and very often a drug provocation test must be considered for knowing the mechanism involved and/or establishing the diagnosis. For non-immediate reactions also both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used. Sensitivity for in vivo tests is generally low and in vitro tests may be needed for the immunological evaluation. Immunohistochemical studies of the affected tissue enable a more precise classification of non-immediate reactions. The monitorization of the acute response of the reactions has given clues for understanding these reactions and has promising results for the future of the immunological evaluation of HDR. Hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDR) consist of an individual abnormal response with the involvement of the immunological system. In addition to specific immunological mechanisms where specific antibodies or sensitised T cells participate, release of inflammatory mediators by non-specific immunological recognition may also occur. Within this category are one of the most common groups of drugs, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In addition to chemical drugs new emerging ones with an increasing protagonism are biological agents like humanised antibodies and others. For IgE dependent reactions both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used for the immunological evaluation. Sensitivity of these is not optimal and very often a drug provocation test must be considered for knowing the mechanism involved and/or establishing the diagnosis. For non-immediate reactions also both in vivo and in vitro tests can be used. Sensitivity for in vivo tests is generally low and in vitro tests may be needed for the immunological evaluation. Immunohistochemical studies of the affected tissue enable a more precise classification of non-immediate reactions. The monitorization of the acute response of the reactions has given clues for understanding these reactions and has promising results for the future of the immunological evaluation of HDR.

Fabrication of ZnO electroceramics by reaction bonding

Enrique Rocha-Rangel,Octavio Martínez-Urgell,Carlos Gómez-Yánez 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2006 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.7 No.3

ZnO ceramics doped with small amounts of Bi2O3, CoO, MnO, Sb2O3 and Cr2O3 offer a great potential as electroceramic materials to be used as protectors to prevent electric surges. In the present communication, the reaction bonded alumina oxide (RBAO) technique is adapted for the production of ZnO-based ceramics by the reaction bonding zinc oxide (RBZnO) process with the idea of achieving the advantages of the RBAO process. Because Zn oxidation occurs between 330 °C and 468 °C, slow heating rates before the Zn melting point (419 °C) is very important in order to obtain the desired ceramic. The need for a fine microstructure of the matrix with many grain boundaries is discussed. ZnO ceramics doped with small amounts of Bi2O3, CoO, MnO, Sb2O3 and Cr2O3 offer a great potential as electroceramic materials to be used as protectors to prevent electric surges. In the present communication, the reaction bonded alumina oxide (RBAO) technique is adapted for the production of ZnO-based ceramics by the reaction bonding zinc oxide (RBZnO) process with the idea of achieving the advantages of the RBAO process. Because Zn oxidation occurs between 330 °C and 468 °C, slow heating rates before the Zn melting point (419 °C) is very important in order to obtain the desired ceramic. The need for a fine microstructure of the matrix with many grain boundaries is discussed.

A Higher Manometric Esophageal Length to Height Ratio in Achalasia Explains the Lower Prevalence of Hiatal Hernia

Enrique Coss-Adame,Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda,Andric C Perez-Ortiz,Ana López-Ruiz,Miguel A Valdovinos,Josué Sánchez-Gómez,José Peralta-Figueroa,Héctor Olvera-Prado,Fidel López-Verdugo,Sofía Narváez-C 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.4

Background/AimsThe evidence suggests that a shorter esophageal length (EL) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients is associated with the presence of hiatal hernia (HH). However, there are no reports of this association in patients with achalasia. The aim is to (1) determine the prevalence of hiatal hernia in achalasia patients, (2) compare achalasia EL with GERD patients and healthy volunteers (HV), (3) measure achalasia manometric esophageal length to height (MELH) ratio, and (4) determine if there are differences in symptoms between patients with and without hiatal hernia. MethodsThis retrospective and cross-sectional study consist of 87 pre-surgical achalasia patients, 22 GERD patients, and 30 HV. High-resolution manometry (HRM), barium swallow, and upper endoscopy were performed to diagnose HH. The EL and MELH ratio were measured by HRM. Symptoms were assessed with Eckardt, Eating Assessment Tool, and GERD–health-related quality of life questionnaires. ResultsThe HH in GERD’s prevalence was 73% vs 3% in achalasia patients (P < 0.001). Achalasia patients had a longer esophagus and a higher MELH ratio than HV and GERD patients (P < 0.001). GERD patients had a lower MELH ratio than HV (P < 0.05). EAT-10 (P < 0.0001) and Eckardt (P < 0.05) scores were higher in achalasia without HH vs HH. ConclusionsThe prevalence of HH in achalasia is significantly lower than in GERD. The longer EL and the higher MELH ratio in achalasia could explain the lower prevalence of HH. Despite the low prevalence of HH in achalasia patients, the surgeon should be encouraged not to rule out HH since the risk of postoperative reflux may increase if this condition is not identified and corrected.

Genomic surveillance links livestock production with the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico

Enrique Jesús Delgado-Suárez,Rocío Ortíz-López,Wondwossen A. Gebreyes,Marc W. Allard,Francisco Barona-Gómez,María Salud Rubio-Lozano 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.4

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is increasingly common worldwide. While food animals are thought to contribute to the growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem, limited data is documenting this relationship, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Herein, we aimed to assess the role of non-clinical NTS of bovine origin as reservoirs of AMR genes of human clinical significance. We evaluated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles in a set of 44 bovine-associated NTS. For comparative purposes, we also included genotypic AMR data of additional isolates from Mexico (n = 1,067) that are publicly available. The most frequent AMR phenotypes in our isolates involved tetracycline (40/44), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26/44), chloramphenicol (19/44), ampicillin (18/44), streptomycin (16/44), and carbenicillin (13/44), while nearly 70% of the strains were MDR. These phenotypes were correlated with a widespread distribution of AMR genes (i.e. tetA, aadA, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, bla-TEM-1, blaCARB-2) against multiple antibiotic classes, with some of them contributed by plasmids and/or class-1 integrons. We observed different AMR genotypes for betalactams and tetracycline resistance, providing evidence of convergent evolution and adaptive AMR. The probability of MDR genotype occurrence was higher in meat-associated isolates than in those from other sources (odds ratio 11.2, 95% confidence interval 4.5–27.9, P < 0.0001). The study shows that beef cattle are a significant source of MDR NTS in Mexico, highlighting the role of animal production on the emergence and spread of MDR Salmonella in LMIC.

Addition of passive-carriage for increasing workspace of cable robots: automated inspection of surfaces of civil infrastructures

Guillermo Rubio-Gómez,Sergio Juárez,David Rodríguez-Rosa,Enrique Bravo,Erika Ottaviano,Antonio Gonzalez-Rodriguez,Fernando J. Castillo-Garcia 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.27 No.2

Cable-driven robots are parallel manipulators in which rigid links are replaced by actuated cables. The end-effector is then supported by a set of cables commanded by motors that are usually placed in a fixed frame. By varying the cables length, it is possible to change the end-effector position and/or orientation. Among the advantages presented by cable robots are they light-weight structure, high energy efficiency and their ability to cover large workspaces since cables are easy to wind. When high-speed operation is not required, a safer solution is to design cable-driven suspended robots, where all vertical components of cables tension are against gravity direction. Cable-driven suspended robots present limited workspace due to the elevated torque requirements for the higher part of the workspace. In this paper, the addition of a passive carriage in the top of the frame is proposed, allowing to achieve a much greater feasible workspace than the conventional one, i.e., with the same size as the desired inspection area while maintaining the same motor requirements. In the opposite, this new scheme presents non-desired vibration during the end-effector maneuvers. These vibrations can be removed by means of a more complex control strategy. Kinematics and dynamics models are developed in this paper. An analysis of sensor system is carried out and a control scheme is proposed for controlling the end-effector pose. Simulation and experimental results show that the feasible workspace can be notoriously increased while end-effector pose is controlled. This new architecture of cable-driven robot can be easily applied for automated inspection and monitoring of very large vertical surfaces of civil infrastructures, such as facades or dams.

Ribociclib-Related Stevens–Johnson Syndrome: Oncologic Awareness, Case Report, and Literature Review

Victoria López-Gómez,Ramón Yarza,Héctor Muñoz-González,Enrique Revilla,Santos Enrech,Olga González-Valle,Pablo Tolosa,Eva Ciruelos 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of breast cancer Vol.22 No.4

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis belong to a severe dermatopathic spectrum that includes frequently fatal mucocutaneous manifestations consisting of whole epidermal necrosis and sloughing with bullous transformation, blistering, and further skin detachment. Notably, cancer patients are at higher risk of developing SJS than the general population as a consequence of both the nature of neoplastic disease and frequent exposure to anticancer drugs. Ribociclib is a newly approved cycline-dependent kinase inhibitor that has been recently associated with a single case of SJS. We hereby present a case of ribociclib-related SJS. Early detection of threatening skin lesions is crucial to permit the immediate discontinuation of ribociclib given the predictable and unacceptable risk level. In cases of established SJS, early aggressive support should be initiated, ribociclib should be abruptly discontinued, and specific treatment based on actual evidence should be started.

Role of Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging before Confirmatory Biopsy in Assessing the Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression during Active Surveillance

Salguero Joseba,Gómez-Gómez Enrique,Valero-Rosa José,Carrasco-Valiente Julia,Mesa Juan,Martin Cristina,Campos-Hernández Juan Pablo,Rubio Juan Manuel,López Daniel,Requena María José 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.4

Objective: To evaluate the impact of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) before confirmatory prostate biopsy in patients under active surveillance (AS). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 170 patients with Gleason grade 6 prostate cancer initially enrolled in an AS program between 2011 and 2019. Prostate mpMRI was performed using a 1.5 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging system with a 16-channel phased-array body coil. The protocol included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging sequences. Uroradiology reports generated by a specialist were based on prostate imagingreporting and data system (PI-RADS) version 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on regression models. Results: The reclassification rate at confirmatory biopsy was higher in patients with suspicious lesions on mpMRI (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) (n = 47) than in patients with non-suspicious mpMRIs (n = 61) and who did not undergo mpMRIs (n = 62) (66%, 26.2%, and 24.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) was associated (adjusted odds ratio: 4.72) with the risk of reclassification at confirmatory biopsy after adjusting for the main variables (age, prostate-specific antigen density, number of positive cores, number of previous biopsies, and clinical stage). Presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.62) was also associated with the risk of progression to active treatment during the follow-up. Conclusion: Inclusion of mpMRI before the confirmatory biopsy is useful to stratify the risk of reclassification during the biopsy as well as to evaluate the risk of progression to active treatment during follow-up.

Larvicidal activity of affinin and its derived amides fromHeliopsis longipes A. Gray Blake against Anopheles albimanus and Aedes aegypti

Alejandro Hernández-Morales,Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu-Gómez,Candy Carranza-Álvarez,Blanca Estela Gómez-Luna,Brenda Alvarado-Sánchez,Enrique Ramírez-Chávez,Jorge Molina-Torres 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2

Heliopsis longipes has been recognized as a potential source of insecticidal compounds called alkamides, which can be used to control populations of insect vector transmitters of several diseases that affect the human health. To determine the insecticidal activity of H. longipes against Anopheles albimanus and Aedes aegypti, crude extract of H. longipes roots and affininwere obtained. Catalytic reduction of affininwas performed to obtain two reduced amides, N-isobutil-2E-decenamide and N-isobutil-decanamide. Crude extract, affinin and its reduced amides were evaluated against third instar larvae of An. albimanus and Ae. aegypti. Results show that crude extract of H. longipes possess larvicidal activity against larval stage of An. albimanus and Ae. aegypti. This effect could be attributed to affinin, on which the conjugated double bonds present in the structure of the molecule are necessary to maintain larvicidal activity. This study demonstrated the potential of H. longipes to control larval stage of An. albimanus and Ae. aegypti, transmitter vectors of malaria and dengue fever, respectively.