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Elisabeth Arti Wulandari(Elisabeth Arti Wulandari) 건국대학교 아시아·디아스포라 연구소 2023 International Journal of Diaspora&Cultural Critici Vol.13 No.1
This article examines the evolution of the intertwined narratives of nation and womanhood in three iconic Indonesian novels: Belenggu (1940), Sri Sumarah (1975), and Durga Umayi (1991), each of which, respectively, depicts female protagonists wrestling with life challenges during three different historical epochs of the Indonesian nation-state. I argue that these novels portray three distinct conceptions of an evolving Indonesian nationalism as reflected through the struggles of these characters. The first of these, Belenggu, highlights the hybrid nature of emerging Indonesian nationalism through the symbolic deployment of hybrid music–keroncong–as a central trope. The second novel, Sri Sumarah, depicts the culturally idealized qualities of a submissive woman–embodied in its titular character–and the gendered nature of nationalism. The third, Durga Umayi, kaleidoscopically maps the biography of its heroine onto the triumphs and defeats of the nation as experienced from the perspective of the subaltern subject, thus depicting the project of nation-building as seen, experienced, and lived from an inferior social position. Taken together these three novels dramatize three different stages of Indonesia as “imagined community”: from the promise and the peril of the early years as an emerging nation-state, to its division along ideological lines before and after the 1965 coup, and ultimately to the failed promises attending the spread of neoliberalism and globalization in subsequent decades.
Intercultural Competency and Communication
Elisabeth Pohl 국제지역연구학회 2013 국제지역학논총 Vol.6 No.1
지난 몇 년간, 국가 간의 세계화와 현존하는 그리고 새로운 시장들의 개방은 엄청나게 확대되었다. 상품과 원자재의 교류는 국제적으로 진행되고 있으며, 세계화는 나날이 확대되어 국가적 차원을 넘어, 대륙들 간의 교류로 발전하고 있다. 모든 것들을 언제나 이용할 수 있고 상품이 과잉 공급됨에 따라, 경쟁과 교류의 험난한 세계에서 살아남기 위하여 문화 간의 적응 능력 그리고 소통은 이전보다도 훨씬 더 많이 요구된다. 이를 위해 문화 간 적응 능력과 소통의 의미에 대하여 이해하고 그를 규정해야 한다. 이는 단지 외국어를 말하는 것이나 다른 국가의 사회 기반 시설과 정치적, 사회적 상황을 아는 것 그 이상의 일이다. 철학적, 사회학적 그리고 심리학적 관점에서 보면, 문화 간 적응 능력 및 소통은 어느 세대에서건 가장 중요한 필수요소 일 것이다. 인력, 문화적 양상들과 상품들의 교류와 유통, 소통, 은 몇 년간 빠르게 성장해왔으며 미래에도 이는 지속될 것이다. 그러므로 통합 없이 “살아남기 위하여”, 새롭고 도전적인 상황에 적응하는 것은 문화 간 교류를 지향하는 자발적 의지 없이는 불가능할 것이다. Over the last years, the international globalization and the opening of existing and new markets were growing enormous. The exchange of products and raw materials is international and the globalization is growing from day to day not only across countries but also across continents. Due to the availability of everything and the “over” offer of products, intercultural competency and communication is more than needed to survive in the hard world of exchangeability and competition. Having said that, it must be understood and defined, what is meant by intercultural competency and communication. It is much more than just speaking foreign languages or knowing about the infrastructure and the political or social situation in another country. From a philosophical, sociological and psychological standpoint of few, intercultural competence and communication will be most important necessity for any generation. The exchange and flow of products communication, people and cultural aspects has grown very fast over the years and will still grow in the near future. Therefore to “survive” without Integration, Adaption to new and challenging situation will not be possible anymore without the willingness for intercultural exchange.
Numerical Implementation of Representative Mobile Phone Models for Epidemiological Studies
Elisabeth Cardis,Hyung-Do Choi,Seon-Eui Hong,Byungje Lee,Sooyung Lee,Yonghyun Yoon,Ae-Kyoung Lee 한국전자파학회JEES 2016 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.16 No.2
This paper describes an implementation method and the results of numerical mobile phone models representing real phone models that have been released on the Korean market since 2002. The aim is to estimate the electromagnetic absorption in the human brain for casecontrol studies to investigate health risks related to mobile phone use. Specific absorption rate (SAR) compliance test reports about commercial phone models were collected and classified in terms of elements such as the external body shape, the antenna, and the frequency band. The design criteria of a numerical phone model representing each type of phone group are as follows. The outer dimensions of the phone body are equal to the average dimensions of all commercial models with the same shape. The distance and direction of the maximum SAR from the earpiece and the area above –3 dB of the maximum SAR are fitted to achieve the average obtained by measuring the SAR distributions of the corresponding commercial models in a flat phantom. Spatial peak 1-g SAR values in the cheek and tilt positions against the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom agree with average data on all of the same type of commercial models. Second criterion was applied to only a few types of models because not many commercial models were available. The results show that, with the exception of one model, the implemented numerical phone models meet criteria within 30%.
“Feeling lighter”: Why the patient's treatment evaluation matters to the health scientist
Elisabeth Hsu 한국한의학연구원 2012 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.1 No.1
“Feeling lighter” is a cross-culturally found subjective patient experience, but it may well contain a comment on intersubjectively recognisable physical, neuro-chemical and bio-electro-magnetic processes that natural scientific research can identify. The health scientist is advised to take the patient's experiences seriuosly, and regard them as a possible source of for future research topics.