http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Chia, Elbert E. M.,Talbayev, D.,Zhu, Jian-Xin,Yuan, H. Q.,Park, T.,Thompson, J. D.,Panagopoulos, C.,Chen, G. F.,Luo, J. L.,Wang, N. L.,Taylor, A. J. American Physical Society 2010 Physical Review Letters Vol.104 No.2
<P>We report measurements of quasiparticle relaxation dynamics in the high-temperature superconductor (Ba,K)Fe2As2 in optimally doped, underdoped, and undoped regimes. In the underdoped sample, spin-density wave (SDW) order forms at approximately 85 K, followed by superconductivity at approximately 28 K. We find the emergence of a normal-state order that suppresses SDW at a temperature T{*} approximately 60 K and argue that this normal-state order is a precursor to superconductivity.</P>
조무열,이은송,Elbert de Josselim de jong,윤홍철,김백일 대한치과의사협회 2019 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.57 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the red fluorescence characteristics of bacterial dental deposits assessed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology and confirm whether the red fluorescence can distinguish and evaluate quantitatively accumulation of bacterial dental deposits. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used QLF images captured at a dental clinic from January to December 2016. In each QLF image, a skilled examiner selected one region where the presence of deposits was suspected. Then, the regions were classified into three groups of not detectable deposits(ND), half detectable deposits (HD), and full detectable deposits (FD) by two examiners according to classification criteria. Only those images where the regions of bacterial dental deposits were classified identically by all examiners were used for analysis. The mean red fluorescence intensity (RFI) was defined as the mean value of R/G for all pixels in the regions. The RFI was compared between groups using Welch’s ANOVA test, and the Spearman correlation was calculated to assess the association between RFI and accumulation of deposits. Results: In this study, 351 images among the collected images of 605 subjects were finally selected. The mean age of subjects was about 44 years. The R/G values of the ND, HD and FD were 0.73, 1.26 and 1.83 respectively. There were significant differences between all groups (p<0.001), and strong positive correlation was identified between the R/G value and the accumulation of deposits (r = 0.90, p<0.001). Conclusion: The intensity of red fluorescence as observed in the QLF images correlated well with the accumulation maturation of the deposits, which indicates that the QLF technology can be used to evaluate the status of oral hygiene.
Weighted zero-inflated Poisson mixed model with an application to Medicaid utilization data
Lee, Sang Mee,Karrison, Theodore,Nocon, Robert S.,Huang, Elbert The Korean Statistical Society 2018 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.25 No.2
In medical or public health research, it is common to encounter clustered or longitudinal count data that exhibit excess zeros. For example, health care utilization data often have a multi-modal distribution with excess zeroes as well as a multilevel structure where patients are nested within physicians and hospitals. To analyze this type of data, zero-inflated count models with mixed effects have been developed where a count response variable is assumed to be distributed as a mixture of a Poisson or negative binomial and a distribution with a point mass of zeros that include random effects. However, no study has considered a situation where data are also censored due to the finite nature of the observation period or follow-up. In this paper, we present a weighted version of zero-inflated Poisson model with random effects accounting for variable individual follow-up times. We suggested two different types of weight function. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated and compared to a standard zero-inflated mixed model through simulation studies. This approach is then applied to Medicaid data analysis.
김경민(Gyung-Min Kim),구혜민(Hye-Min Ku),이은송(Eun-Song Lee),강시묵(Si-Mook Kang),Elbert de Josselin de Jong,권호근(Ho-Keun Kwon),김백일(Baek-Il Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2017 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.55 No.2
Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess changes in remineralization by stimulated human saliva over a short period of 48 hours with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology. Materials and Methods: Bovine incisor surfaces were demineralized for 10 days. Two types of stimulated saliva were collected from 7 healthy persons. 24 hours after tooth brushing (Stimulated saliva group) and immediately after tooth brushing with 1,000 ppm NaF dentifrice (Dentifrice saliva group). The specimens were immersed in saliva and fluorescence images were obtained by QLF-digital (QLF-D biluminator<SUP>TM</SUP>‚) at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours fluorescence loss (⊿F%) of the lesions. A paired t-test was performed to assess fluorescence differences between before (⊿Fbaseline) and after (⊿Ftreatment time) the remineralization process. Results: Before the remineralization, the mean ⊿Fbaseline of the initial demineralized specimens was -18.42±0.15 (%). In both groups, the ⊿F values obtained at baseline and after 2 hours were statistically significant (P < 0.001), indicating recovery of the lesions by approximately 40% after 2 hours. After 48 hours, remineralization rates were slightly higher (49%) for the stimulated saliva group than for the dentifrice saliva group (41%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: With QLF minute degrees of remineralization by saliva can be measured in periods as short as 2 hours. Additionally no significantly higher effects of remineralization were observed in the dentifrice saliva group when compared to the stimulated saliva group.
Development of a fluorescence-image scoring system for assessing noncavitated occlusal caries
Jung, Eun-Ha,Lee, Eun-Song,Jung, Hoi-In,Kang, Si-Mook,de Josselin de Jong, Elbert,Kim, Baek-Il Elsevier 2018 Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy Vol.21 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>This study aimed (1) to develop a scoring system based on a quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) score for the occlusal caries (QS-Occlusal) that standardizes the fluorescence properties of noncavitated lesions from QLF images, (2) to confirm the validity and reliability of QS-Occlusal, and (3) to determine whether it is possible to replace existing clinical examinations by image evaluations based on the developed QS-Occlusal for assessing occlusal caries lesions.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This clinical study investigated 791 teeth of 94 subjects. The teeth were assessed by visual and tactile examinations using ICDAS criteria and quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) image examinations. QS-Occlusal was divided into four stages (from 0 to 3) based on the progression level of the lesion and the fluorescence loss and red fluorescence on captured QLF-D images. Two trained examiners who were not involved in the visual examination evaluated occlusal fluorescence images using QS-Occlusal. The maximum loss of fluorescence (|Δ<I>F</I> <SUB>max</SUB>|) and the maximum change in the ratio of red and green fluorescence (Δ<I>R</I> <SUB>max</SUB>) were quantitatively analyzed by the QA2 software to detect differences between the QS-Occlusal groups. The modalities were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve for three different thresholds of the ICDAS codes: 0 vs 1–4 (D<SUB>1</SUB>), 0–2 vs 3/4 (D<SUB>2</SUB>), and 0–3 vs 4 (D<SUB>3</SUB>).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>|Δ<I>F</I> <SUB>max</SUB>| increased significantly by about 4.7-fold (from 15.94 to 75.63) when QS-Occlusal increased from 0 to 3. Δ<I>R</I> <SUB>max</SUB> was about 6.2-fold higher for QS-Occlusal=1 (49.74) than for QS-Occlusal=0 (8.04), and 21.6-fold higher for QS-Occlusal=3 (<I>P<</I> 0.05). The new QS-Occlusal showed an excellent AUROC (ranging from 0.807 to 0.976) in detecting occlusal caries when optimum cutoff values were applied. The intra- and interexaminer agreements indicated excellent reliability, with ICC values of 0.94 and 0.86, respectively.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The QS-Occlusal proposed in this study can be used in the clinical detection of noncavitated lesions with an excellent diagnostic ability. This makes it possible to replace clinical examinations and intuitively evaluate the lesion severity and status relatively easily and objectively by applying this scoring system to fluorescence images.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> QLF technology can be a useful screening tool for noncavitated occlusal lesion. </LI> <LI> QLF score can be used to evaluate the severity and status of occlusal caries lesion nondestructively. </LI> <LI> QLF score may be able to replace existing clincal examination in the future with excellent diagnostic ability for detecting noncavitated caries. </LI> </UL> </P>