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Eda Aydemir,Emrah Sarıyer,Esma Akyıldız,Düzgün Azer Özad,Yasemin Camadan,Sarıyer Ayşegül Saral 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.4
The spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDR) bacteria is a global public health problem, as infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria are difficult to treat. New antibiotic agents need to be developed to overcome this problem, and phytochemicals show promise at this point. In this study, methanol extracts were prepared from cinnamon, thyme, nettle, white tea, rosehip, and antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts was studied against two MDR Gram-Negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii) by broth microdilution method. The MICs of methanol extracts of cinnamon, rosehip, thyme, white tea for A. baumannii were found as 0.015125 g/ml, 0.07825 g/ml, 0.030625 g/ml, 0.00796875 g/ml, respectively. It was found that only cinnamon methanol extract had antibacterial activity in the used extract concentrations against K. pneumoniae and the MIC value was 0.0605 g/ml. The effects of plant methanol extract with antibacterial activity and imipenem combinations were studied in vitro using the checkerboard method. The FIC Indexes were obtained from the checkerboard results and it was observed that the combination of methanol extract and imipenem showed an antagonistic or additive/indifferent effect but not a synergistic effect. We evaluated the binding affinity of epigallocatechin 3-gallate, quercetin, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol phytocompounds using in silico methods, which are well known as a phytocompounds in white tea, cinnamon, thyme, nettle, and rosehip and have antibacterial activities. The results suggested that these phytocompounds should be supported with in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate their potential for being inhibitor candidates.
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Rosa Angélica Rangel-Porras,Sharel P. Díaz-Pérez,Juan Manuel Mendoza-Hernández,Pamela Romo-Rodríguez,Viridiana Alejandre-Castañeda,Marco I Valle-Maldonado,Juan Carlos Torres-Guzmán,Gloria Angélica Gon 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.7
Mucor circinelloides is a dimorphic Zygomycete fungus that produces ethanol under aerobic conditions in the presence of glucose, which indicates that it is a Crabtree-positive fungus. To determine the physiological role of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity elicited under these conditions, we obtained and characterized an allyl alcohol-resistant mutant that was defective in ADH activity, and examined the effect of adh mutation on physiological parameters related to carbon and energy metabolism. Compared to the Adh+ strain R7B, the ADH-defective (Adh-) strain M5 was unable to grow under anaerobic conditions, exhibited a considerable reduction in ethanol production in aerobic cultures when incubated with glucose, had markedly reduced growth capacity in the presence of oxygen when ethanol was the sole carbon source, and exhibited very low levels of NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the cytosolic fraction. Further characterization of the M5 strain showed that it contains a 10-bp deletion that interrupts the coding region of the adh1 gene. Complementation with the wild-type allele adh1+ by transformation of M5 remedied all the defects caused by the adh1 mutation. These findings indicate that in M. circinelloides, the product of the adh1 gene mediates the Crabtree effect, and can act as either a fermentative or an oxidative enzyme, depending on the nutritional conditions, thereby participating in the association between fermentative and oxidative metabolism. It was found that the spores of M. circinelloides possess low mRNA levels of the ethanol assimilation genes (adl2 and acs2), which could explain their inability to grow in the alcohol.
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Alejandre-Castañeda Viridiana,Patiño-Medina J. Alberto,Valle-Maldonado Marco I.,García Alexis,Ortiz-Alvarado Rafael,Ruíz-Herrera León F.,Castro-Cerritos Karla Viridiana,Ramírez-Emiliano Joel,Ramírez-D 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.12
Mucormycosis is a lethal and difficult-to-treat fungal infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucor lusitanicus, a member of Mucorales, is commonly used as a model to understand disease pathogenesis. However, transcriptional control of hyphal growth and virulence in Mucorales is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of Tec proteins, which belong to the TEA/ATTS transcription factor family, in the hyphal development and virulence of M. lusitanicus. Unlike in the genome of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, which have a single Tec homologue, in the genome of Mucorales, two Tec homologues, Tec1 and Tec2, were found, except in that of Phycomyces blakesleeanus, with only one Tec homologue. tec1 and tec2 overexpression in M. lusitanicus increased mycelial growth, mitochondrial content and activity, expression of the rhizoferrin synthetase-encoding gene rfs, and virulence in nematodes and wax moth larvae but decreased cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Furthermore, tec1- and tec2-overexpressing strains required adequate mitochondrial metabolism to promote the virulent phenotype. The heterotrimeric G beta subunit 1-encoding gene deletant strain (Δgpb1) increased cAMP-PKA activity, downregulation of both tec genes, decreased both virulence and hyphal development, but tec1 and tec2 overexpression restored these defects. Overexpression of allele-mutated variants of Tec1(S332A) and Tec2(S168A) in the putative phosphorylation sites for PKA increased both virulence and hyphal growth of Δgpb1. These findings suggest that Tec homologues promote mycelial development and virulence by enhancing mitochondrial metabolism and rhizoferrin accumulation, providing new information for the rational control of the virulent phenotype of M. lusitanicus.
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Free Fatty Acid Accumulation by Mesophilic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cold-Stored Milk
Hayri Co?kun,Eda ?d? 한국미생물학회 2004 The journal of microbiology Vol.42 No.2
This study was aimed to determine the accumulation of free fatty acid by mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 1471, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 1000 and Lactobacillus casei 111) in cold-stored milk. According to the results, all cold-stored milks had higher acid degree values than those of fresh milk. This phenomenon showed that a slight increase occurred in the accumulation of free fatty acids as a result of spontaneous lipolysis during cold storage. All lactic acid bacteria showed good performance in production of titratable acidity, which increased during fermentation of the milk (fresh and stored milks). Moreover, as the storage time was prolonged, more free fatty acid accumulation was obtained from the fermentation of the cold-stored milk by the investigated lactic acid bacteria. The control milk, which was without lactic acid bacteria, showed no change in the accumulation of free fatty acid during fermentation. From this result, it can be suggested that longer cold-storage time can induce higher free fatty acid accumulation in milk by lactic acid bacteria.
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