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Sensitization of Vanilloid Receptor Involves an Increase in the Phosphorylated Form of the Channel
Lee Soon-Youl,Lee Jae-Hag,Kang Kwon Kyoo,Hwang Sue-Yun,Choi Kang Duk,Oh Uhtaek The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.4
A vanilloid receptor (VR1, now known as TRPV1) is an ion channel activated by vanilloids, including capsaicin (CAP) and resiniferatoxin (RTX), which are pungent ingredients of plants. Putative endogenous activators (anandamide and metabolites of arachidonic acid) are weak activators of VR1 compared to capsaicin and RTX, and the concentrations of the physiological condition of those activators are not sufficient to induce significant activation of VR1. One way to overcome the weak activation of endogenous activators would be the sensitization of VR1, with the phosphorylation of the channel being one possibility. The phosphorylation of VR1 by several kinases has been reported, mostly by indirect evidence. Here, using an in vivo phosphorylation method, the VR1 channel was shown to be sensitized by phosphorylation of the channel itself by multiple pathways involving PKA, PKC and acid. Also, in sensitizing VR1, BK appeared to show activation of PKC for the sensitization of VR1 by phosphorylation of the channel.
Studies on unknown methylated compounds of non-histone nuclear protein
Lee, Hyang-Woo,Hong, Sung-Youl,Kim, Sang-Duk,Paik, Woon-Ki The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1985 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.8 No.3
The HCL hydrolyzate of the non-histone protein fractionated from the rat liver nuclei which have been incubated inthe presence of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-$^{14}C$ ]-methionine shows at least four unidentified radioactive peaks on a basic amino acid analysis chromatogram. One of these unknown compounds (designated as compound 3) is also formed by the rat liver homogenated with the exogenous addition of an appropriate protein substrate. Since boiled rat liver homogenate or fresh homogenate in the absence of an exogenous protein substrate failed to form compound 3, its formation can be considered to be enzyme-catalyzed. The enzyme which yields compound 3 shows a preference of protein substrate in the order of reductively methylated hemoglobin > native > histone type II-A. The rat enzyme is nuclear in location associated with chromatin, and exhibits the highest activity in the liver among various rat organs. A compound 3-forming enzyme is also present in Neurospora crassa, since endogenous formation of the compound 3 can be demonstrated with the crude extract of this mold. The chemical identity of compound 3 is not yet known. However, it resisted to the following treatments; 6 N HCL and 0.1 N Na NaOH hydrolysis at $110^{\circ}C$, OR L-amino acid oxidase.
Evoked potential: basic requirements and guidelines for writing reports
Lee, Eun-Mi,Seok, Hung Youl,Park, Kee Duk,Seo, Dae-Won,Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology Education Committee The Korean Society for Clinical Neurophysiology 2018 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.20 No.1
Evoked potentials (EPs) measures the electrophysiologic responses of the nervous system to variety of stimuli. In clinical practice, only a few are used on a routine basis. Because of the small amplitude of EPs recorded by noninvasive methods, computer summation or averaging generally is necessary to resolve them from background noise. Therefore, waveform acquisition under good condition according to standard method is important. We aimed to provide the standards for clinical EP equipment, technical consideration and minimal requirements for obtaining good clinical EP waveforms, and general criteria for writing EP reports in practice as Korean guidelines.
박덕현(Duk-Hyun Park),이은령(Eun-Ryeong Lee),주정열(Joung-Youl Ju) 한국콘텐츠학회 2017 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2
본 연구는 사회적으로 관심이 증가하고 있는 심혈관질환의 위험인자인 대사증후군과 혈청 요산 농도와의 연관성을 알아보기 위함이다. 연구 대상자는 건강검진센터에서 검진한 수진자 총 1,444명을 대상으로 시행하였으며, 남성은 977명, 여성은 467명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자들은 신체계측과 혈액검사를 시행하여 혈청 요산과 대사증후군 위험인자들과의 상관성과 혈청 요산의 등급을 구분하여 발생하는 위험인자의 수를 비교하였다. 연구결과 평균연령은 남녀 각각 41.63±6.29세, 35.75±6.61세로 나타났다. 혈청 요산의 평균수치는 남성이 6.30±1.39 mg/dL, 여성은 4.43±0.89 mg/dL로 남성이 높게 나왔다. 혈청 요산 농도에 따른 상관관계는 남성에서는 나이, 허리둘레, 수축기 혈압, 중성지방, HDL-cholesterol, WBC count, ESR이 상관관계가 있었으며(p<0.05), 여성의 경우는 허리둘레, 이완기 혈압, 중성지방, HDL-cholesterol, ESR이 상관관계가 있다고 나왔다(p<0.05). 혈청 요산 농도의 등급에 따른 위험인자 수는 혈청 요산 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 대사증후군의 전체적인 유병률은 남성이 17.4%로 여성의 10.2% 보다 높게 나왔다. 대사증후군과 혈청 요산 농도와의 통계적으로 유의한 관련성이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 혈청 요산의 농도가 증가할수록 대사증후군의 위험인자 또한 관련성이 커진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 혈청 요산 농도와 대사증후군과의 연관성연구를 통해 대사증후군을 진단받지 않은 젊은 성인에서 대사증후군의 예방을 위한 대상자 선정에 혈청요산 농도를 활용할 수 있다. This research aimed to identify the correlation between the metabolic syndrome, which is one of the cardiovascular risk factors and emerging as an issue in the society, and the serum uric acid level. The research was conducted on a total of 1,444 patients who took a medical examination at a health examination center. The research subjects were composed of 977 men and 467 women. By conducting physical measurement and the blood test on the subjects, the research identified the correlation between the serum uric acid level and the metabolic syndrome and compared the number of the risk factors by dividing the class of the serum uric acid. The average level of serum uric acid was identified higher in men at 6.30±1.39 mg/dL than 4.43±0.89 mg/dL in women. Men had a correlation between age, waist size, systolic blood pressure, neutral fat, HDL-cholesterol, WBC count and ESR and the serum uric acid level (p<0.05), while women had a correlation between waist size, diastolic blood pressure level, neutral fat, HDL-cholesterol and ESR and the serum uric acid level (p<0.05). The number of the risk factors depending on the serum uric acid level increased as the serum uric acid level rose. The overall prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome was higher in men at 17.4% than 10.2% in women. This showed that there is a statistically relevant relevance between the metabolic syndrome and the serum uric acid level, and the number of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome will go up with an increase in the serum uric acid level.
Basic requirements for visual evoked potentials
Seok, Hung Youl,Lee, Eun-Mi,Park, Kee Duk,Seo, Dae-Won,Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology Education Committee The Korean Society for Clinical Neurophysiology 2018 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.20 No.1
Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are frequently used to assess the anterior and posterior visual pathways. In particular, the use of VEPs have been increasing in various fields such as evaluation of the optic nerves in patients with multiple sclerosis. The performance of VEP test can be affected by various factors such as stimulus type and subject condition, and its interpretation is also difficult. However, there have been no guidelines for performing and interpreting VEPs in Korea. Therefore, we aimed to provide comprehensive information regarding basic requirement and interpretation for VEPs.