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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Douglas A. Yates (검색결과 2 건)
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Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peacebuilding on Jeju Island
Douglas A. Yates 세계섬학회 2017 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.7 No.3
Using Johan Galtung’s positive peace/negative peace dichotomy as criteria, this paper will evaluate three approaches to conflict resolution: peacekeeping (interposition of international forces to separate armed belligerents), peacemaking (third-party mediations and negotiated settlements), and peacebuilding (addressing underlying structural issues and long-term relationships between conflict parties), to describe the Jeju Peace Island initiative as a necessary approach to resolving conflict and creating positive peace on the Korean peninsula. Galtung conceptualized the problem of war and peace through a “conflict triangle” with attitude, behavior, and contradiction as its vertices. Galtung argued that all three components would always be present together in a full conflict. As parties disagree over contradictory interests, they develop hostile attitudes which feed conflict behavior. In this dynamic process conflict grows, intensifies, deepens and spreads. This all complicates the task of addressing the original core conflict. Peacebuilding initiatives on Jeju island to resolve the Korean conflict and build positive peace come out of that island’s history of violence. Of particular importance is the memory of the tragic April 3rd 1948 uprising on Jeju island, also known as the 4·3 (or “sasam”) incident, that happened during the Korean War when tens of thousands of islanders, accused of being communists, were massacred by South Korean forces with American assistance. As a result of a series of initiatives to build peace, the South Korean government declared Jeju an “Island of World Peace” on Jan. 27, 2005, and since then several peacebuildling initiatives have been successfully implemented, including the annual Jeju Forum for Peace and Prosperity, the permanent Jeju International Peace Center, and efforts to institutionalize peace studies at Jeju national university.
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Oil and Conflict in the Pacific
Douglas A. Yates 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2015 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.5 No.3
Oil and conflict are dangerously intertwined in the Pacific, where China has several disputes with its neighbors. The Senkaku (Diaoyu) islands in the Ryuku chain of the East China Sea which are reported to possess large oil reserves offshore are currently disputed by China and Japan. The Paracel (Xisha) islands of the South China Sea, also rich in oil reserves, have caused low intensity conflict between China and Vietnam. And once oil was discovered the Spratley islands, in the South China Sea north of Brunei, are disputed by five countries: Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, Malaysia and China, whose large blue water navy and military installations are enforcing what it claims to be its exclusive sphere of influence. Meanwhile in the Straits of Malacca the Chinese navy has sent a flotilla to accompany the long column of oil tankers which carry most of the oil imports of East Asia. Oil has caused a veritable 'petro pirate plague' in the straits between Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, threating East Asia's vital supply of crude oil. All of these new conflicts offshore raise questions of regional security in the Asia-Pacific region. Is the oil these islands are reported to possess worth an interstate war? China should instead work with its neighbors to make the East and South China seas safe for commerce.
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