염전위충(Haemonchus contortus) 생식기관의 DNase활성에 관한 연구

곽동미,Kwak, Dongmi 대한수의학회 2004 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.44 No.3

DNase activity in Haemonchus contortus reproductive tissue was characterized and compared to that in whole worm. DNase activity in reproductive tissue was detected throughout pHs 4-10 with high activity under acidic conditions. The activity was not inhibited by 10 mM EDTA at pH 5.0, but largely inhibited by pH 7.0. The activity produced DNA fragments with mixtures of 3'-hydroxyls (OH) and 3'- phosphates (P) at each pH. Three distinct DNase activities were identified and had $M_rs$ of 34, 36 and 38.5 kDa in zymograms, which were distinguished according to pH requirement and sensitivity to EDTA. Among them, the 36 kDa reproductive tissue DNase had predominant activity at pH 5.0, but very weak at pH 7.0, and this activity was not inhibited by EDTA at pH 5.0. These characteristics of the 36 kDa reproductive tissue DNase resemble those of classic acidic DNases. In contrast, 36 kDa whole worm DNase activity had high activity at both pH 5.0 and 7.0. While the 36 kDa DNase activity at pH 5.0 was similar in both reproductive tissue and whole worm samples, the activity at pH 7.0 was predominantly detected in whole worm sample. This suggests that the 36 kDa whole worm DNase at pH 5.0 differs from that at pH 7.0. Thus, results indicate that the EDTA-insensitive 36 kDa DNase at pH 5.0 is specific for H. contortus reproductive tissue.

Fenbendazole에 저항성과 감수성을 지닌 염전위충의 분비배설물에서의 DNase 활성 비료

곽동미,Kwak, Dongmi 대한수의학회 2004 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.44 No.3

Change in ${\beta}$-tubulin nucleic acid and protein sequences was the only known difference between Haemonchus contortus fenbendazole (FBZ)-resistant and -susceptible isolates. This change was sufficient to determine the pathologic effect induced by FBZ treatment. This research was initiated to investigate further differences from these two isolates. Since ${\beta}$-tubulin is involved in formation of microtubule, which has functions in secretory vesicle transport, DNase activities from excretory/secretory products (ESP) of the two isolates were compared, based on pH, sensitivity to DNase inhibitors, molecular masses and production of 3'-OH. The most significant difference detected was that a 38.5 kDa DNase activity was identified from ESP of H. contortus FBZ-susceptible isolates but not from those of H. contortus FBZ-resistant isolates. However, it was shown that the 38.5 kDa DNase is expressed with similar level of activity in intestine and whole worm of H. contortus FBZ-resistant and -susceptible isolates. This result demonstrated that the secretory transport pathway of the 38.5 kDa DNase was inhibited by unknown mechanisms, which may be related with ${\beta}$-tubulin sequence change in FBZ-resistant isolates. Other DNases of 34, 36 and 37 kDa were detected from ESP of both H. contortus FBZ-resistant and -susceptible isolates. Overall DNase activities found from ESP of these two isolates were not inhibited by 10 mM EDTA at pH 5.0, but largely inhibited by pH 7.0. In addition, DNase activities in two isolates produced DNA fragments with mixtures of 3'- hydroxyls (OH) and 3'-phosphates (P) at each pH although the 3'-end labeling ratios at pH 5.0 and 7.0 were shown different. Identification of inhibition of the 38.5 kDa DNase secretion in FBZ-resistant isolates suggests existence of further differences, in addition to ${\beta}$-tubulin sequence change, in two isolates. This shows complex effect of FBZ on H. contortus biological mechanisms.

Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021

Lee, Subin,Alkathiri, Badriah,Kwak, Dongmi,Lee, Sang-Myeong,Lee, Wan-Kyu,Byun, Jae-Won,Lee, Seung-Hun The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Me 2022 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.60 No.3

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnamdo, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) ethanol extract elicits anti-inflammatory effects via the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and rescues mice from septic shock

Saba, Evelyn,Oh, Mi-Ju,Kwak, Dongmi,Roh, Seong-Soo,Kwon, Hyuk-Woo,Kim, Sung-Dae,Rhee, Man Hee The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2017 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.57 No.2

Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as tomato, is widely used in raw, cooked, or liquid forms because it contains nutritional compounds that are beneficial for human health, including carotenoids, lycopene, ascorbic acid, vitamins, and minerals. The tomato is perhaps the most widely studied fruit, especially with respect to its cardioprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms by which the tomato elicits its anti-inflammatory properties. We treated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with a tomato ethanol extract and performed various biochemical assays including nitric oxide inhibition, cell viability, RNA extraction, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and immunoblotting, as well we assessed cell survival rates. Our results have shown for the first time that a tomato ethanol extract treatment can suppress nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Moreover, it inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines and elicits its anti-inflammatory effects via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, administration of tomato syrup potently rescued mice from septic shock induced by lipopolysaccharide injection. Collectively, our results elucidate details regarding the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of tomato.

인공지능의 문장 부호번역 패턴에 따른 번역 전략연구

탁진영 ( Jinyoung Tak ),곽은주 ( Eunju Kwak ),김동미 ( Dongmie Kim ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2019 인문사회 21 Vol.10 No.5

본 연구의 주요 목적은 가장 널리 사용되는 두 기계 번역 프로그램 (예: Papago 및 Google)의 번역 패턴을 분석하고 두 프로그램의 유사점과 차이점을 제안하는 것이다. 한편, 영어와 한국어의 문장부호가 본 연구의 기준이 되며, 한국어보다 영어에서의 문장 의존도가 훨씬 높은 것으로 나타난다. 다시 말해, 한국어가 동사 끝말 어미로 문장의 끝을 표명하는 것에 비교해 영어는 그렇지 않은 것에 있어서 의미와 중요성에 있어서 큰 차이가 있다고 볼 수 있기 때문이다. 파파고는 원천텍스트의 문장부호가 전혀 또는 거의 표기되지 않는 상태도 번역 결과물에서는 인식을 하여 번역을 했다. 이것은 두 프로그램 각각에 포함된 다른 번역전략의 결과로 인한 것이라 볼 수 있다. 이 분석을 통해 두 프로그램의 번역 시, 다른 번역방법으로 진행된다는 것을 인지하면 시간을 절약하고 인공지능의 제한점을 참고하여 사후편집 과정에 도움이 될 것이다. 또한, 단순하게 번역하는 AI 번역방법에 완성도 있는 번역 결과물을 양산하는데 일조할 수 있는 번역 전략이 될 것이다. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the translation patterns of the two most popular machine translation programs (i.e., Papago and Google) and to propose any similarities and differences with the two programs. Punctuation marks were a main focal point in this study, because they have a significant difference with respect to importance in the Korean language as opposed to the English language. In other words, the English language is far more dependent on punctuation marks than the Korean language is due to the fact that the Korean language has verbal endings that signify the end of a sentence, whereas English does not. As a result, Papago showed a far better performance with text that contained little or no punctuation marks, which of course is a result of the different translation strategies that each of the two programs incorporate. This analysis revealed that if the two programs are incorporated for different purposes with translation, they can save time as well as identify some of the limitations with artificial intelligence. This could assist the process of implementing a single AI translation method and strategy that could produce more complete and complex translations using computer-assisted translation methods.

Sudden death caused by diaphragmatic rupture following rib fracture in a female sika deer (Cervus nippon) at a zoo

Kim, Kyoo-Tae,Lee, Seung-Hun,Kwak, Dongmi The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2016 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.56 No.4

A one-year-old female sika deer died suddenly with no preliminary signs during exhibition at a zoo. At necropsy, the carcass was emaciated and had dried fur. Examination of the thoracic cavity revealed a diaphragmatic rupture measuring 2 cm in diameter and a fracture in the middle of the right eighth rib. The liver and lungs had irregular circular discolorations caused by diaphragmatic rupture and subsequent herniation. Dark-brown-colored ascitic fluid, hydrothorax, and yellowish hydropericardium were also observed. The cause of death was determined to be diaphragmatic rupture caused by a rib fracture, which led to respiratory imbalance and circulatory disorders.

게임 번역 교육의 방향성 조망

김정연(Jungyon Kim),곽은주(Eunjoo Kwak),김동미(Dongmie Kim) 한국통번역교육학회 2023 통번역교육연구 Vol.21 No.4

Herd prevalence and genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle bulk tank milk in Gyeongsang provinces of South Korea

Seo, Min-Goo,Ouh, In-Ohk,Kwak, Dongmi Springer-Verlag 2018 Tropical animal health and production Vol.50 No.6

Effect of Chitosan and Curcumin Complex on the Full-thickness Skin Wound Healing in Rabbits

( Hyun Lee ),( Sung Ho Yun ),( Jae Yong Chung ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Dongmi Kwak ),( Sae Kwang Ku ),( Kwang Ho Jang ),( Jae Kweon Park ),( Young Sam Kwon ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2014 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Chitosan-curcumin (CTSN-cur) complex on the full-thickness skin wound healing in rabbits. Five healthy adult New Zealand rabbit were used and 4 full thickness skin defects were made in the dorsal skin of the trunk. The experimental groups were divided according to the applied materials: control group; saline treatment, hyaluronic acid (HA) group; 0.5% HA treatment, CTSN Group; 0.5% CTSN treatment, CTSN-cur group; 0.5% CTSN-cur complex treatment. Biopsy was performed immediately after euthanasia on day 14. This study showed that more significant accelerating effects on the full-thickness wound healings were detected in CTSN-cur applied wounds as compared with other treated wounds. CTSN-cur applied wounds showed more rapid wound contraction, more rapid reconstruction of granulation tissues such as increase of re-epithelization rates, less neovascularization, less inflammatory cell infiltrations, more rapid collagen fiber regenerations, and decrease of granulation tissues area as compared with other treated wounds. Therefore, it was concluded that CTSN-cur may be useful as a wound healing regulator for the treatment of skin wound defects.

Molecular detection of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-like <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. and pathogenic <i>A. Phagocytophilum</i> in cattle from South Korea

Seo, Min-Goo,Ouh, In-Ohk,Kwon, Oh-Deog,Kwak, Dongmi Elsevier 2018 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol.126 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</I> is the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever in domestic ruminants. Differential diagnosis of zoonotic and pathogenic tick-borne diseases like granulocytic anaplasmosis is important for the efficient implementation of control programs. Thus, the differentiation of pathogenic <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> from non-pathogenic <I>A. phagocytophilum</I>-like (APL) <I>Anaplasma</I> spp. is essential. Recent molecular analyses of APL revealed its distinct phylogenetic position from <I>A. phagocytophilum</I>. This study was conducted to detect <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> and genetically related strains in 764 cattle in South Korea using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. APL clade A and <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> were identified in 20 (2.6%) and 16 (2.1%) cattle, respectively, with 16 cattle (2.1%) displaying co-infection. The 16S rRNA sequences of APL clade A were similar (98.3–99.9%) to those clustered in the APL clade A from eastern Asia. The <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> 16S rRNA sequence shared 98.6–100% identity to those of the <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> group. We used PCR to amplify the <I>groEL</I> and <I>msp2</I> genes from the 20 samples positive for the 16S rRNA gene and found that 16 were positive for the <I>groEL</I> sequences in the APL clade A, which showed identity (82.8–84.4%) to those clustered in the APL clade A from Japan. Amplification of <I>msp2</I> was unsuccessful. The co-infection results suggested sequence diversity in <I>Anaplasma</I> spp. Till date, both <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> and APL have been reported to be distributed separately in several animals throughout South Korea. This report is the first co-detection of <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> and APL in Korean cattle using molecular methods. Further studies are needed to provide additional molecular background and trace the evolutionary tree of <I>Anaplasma</I> species in animals and ticks.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Genotyping of <I>A. phagocytophilum</I> (AP) and <I>A. phagocytophilum</I>-like (APL) strains. </LI> <LI> Sixteen AP and 20 APL were detected in 764 cattle by 16S rRNA sequencing and RFLP assay. </LI> <LI> The APL strains were more divergent in the <I>groEL</I> gene than in the 16S rRNA gene. </LI> <LI> Amplification of the <I>groEL</I> and <I>msp2</I> gene was unsuccessful in AP. </LI> <LI> First detection of AP and APL in Korean cattle and possible circulation of new APL. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>