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Forehead Augmentation with a Methyl Methacrylate Onlay Implant Using an Injection-Molding Technique
Dong Kwon Park,Ingook Song,Jin Hyo Lee,유영준 대한성형외과학회 2013 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.40 No.5
Background The forehead, which occupies about one third of the face, is one of the major determinants of a feminine or masculine look. Various methods have been used for the augmentation of the forehead using autologous fat grafts or alloplastic materials. Methylmethacrylate (MMA) is the most appropriate material for augmentation of the forehead, and we have used an injection-molding technique with MMA to achieve satisfactory results. Methods Under local anesthesia with intravenous (IV) sedation, an incision was made on the scalp and a meticulous and delicate subperiosteal dissection was then performed. MMA monomers and polymers were mixed, the dough was injected into the space created, and manual molding was performed along with direct inspection. This surgery was indicated for patients who wanted to correct an unattractive appearance by forehead augmentation. Every patient in this study visited our clinics 3 months after surgery to evaluate the results. We judged the postoperative results in terms of re-operation rates caused by the dissatisfaction of the patients and complications. Results During a 13-year period, 516 patients underwent forehead augmentation with MMA. With the injection-molding technique, the inner surface of the MMA implant is positioned close to the underlying frontal bone, which minimizes the gap between the implant and bone. The borders of the implant should be tapered sufficiently until no longer palpable or visible. Only 28 patients (5.4%) underwent a re-operation due to an undesirable postoperative appearance. Conclusions The injection-molding technique using MMA is a simple, safe, and ideal method for the augmentation of the forehead.
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Efficient Use of MPEG-7 Edge Histogram Descriptor
원치선,DongKwonPark,박수준 한국전자통신연구원 2002 ETRI Journal Vol.24 No.1
MPEG-7 Visual Standard specifies a set of descriptors that can be used to measure similarity in images or video. Among them, the Edge Histogram Descriptor describes edge distribution with a histogram based on local edge dis-tribution in an image. Since the Edge Histogram Descrip-tor recommended for the MPEG-7 standard represents only local edge distribution in the image, the matching per-formance for image retrieval may not be satisfactory. This paper proposes the use of global and semi-local edge histo-grams generated directly from the local histogram bins to increase the matching performance. Then, the global, semi-global, and local histograms of images are combined to measure the image similarity and are compared with the MPEG-7 descriptor of the local-only histogram. Since we exploit the absolute location of the edge in the image as well as its global composition, the proposed matching method can retrieve semantically similar images. Experiments on MPEG-7 test images show that the proposed method yields better retrieval performance by an amount of 0.04 in ANMRR, which shows a significant difference in visual in-spection.
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