Parastomal hernias after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion

Timothy F. Donahue,Bernard H. Bochner 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.4

Parastomal hernia, defined as an "incisional hernia related to an abdominal wall stoma", is a frequent complication after conduit urinary diversion that can negatively impact quality of life and present a clinically significant problem for many patients. Parastomal hernia (PH) rates may be as high as 65% and while many patients are asymptomatic, in some series up to 30% of patients require surgical intervention due to pain, leakage, ostomy appliance problems, urinary obstruction, and rarely bowel obstruction or strangulation. Local tissue repair, stoma relocation, and mesh repairs have been performed to correct PH, however, long-term results have been disappointing with recurrence rates of 30%–76% reported after these techniques. Due to high recurrence rates and the potential morbidity of PH repair, efforts have been made to prevent PH development at the time of the initial surgery. Randomized trials of circumstomal prophylactic mesh placement at the time of colostomy and ileostomy stoma formation have shown significant reductions in PH rates with acceptably low complication profiles. We have placed prophylactic mesh at the time of ileal conduit creation in patients at high risk for PH development and found it to be safe and effective in reducing the PH rates over the short-term. In this review, we describe the clinical and radiographic definitions of PH, the clinical impact and risk factors associated with its development, and the use of prophylactic mesh placement for patients undergoing ileal conduit urinary diversion with the intent of reducing PH rates.

Verification of Mechanical Properties of A V-4Cr-4Ti Alloy Using Finite Element Method

Lee, Choon Yeol,Donahue, E.G.,Odette, G.R. Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2005 Key Engineering Materials Vol.297 No.-

<P>Vanadium alloys in the composition range around V-4Cr-4Ti have been proposed as candidate materials for fusion reactor applications and structures. These applications will require detailed characterization of constitutive and fracture properties. This study is aimed at understanding the basic constitutive and fracture mechanisms in vanadium alloys. Understanding of the basic constitutive and fracture mechanisms is achieved through a series of mechanical tests. These test results are combined with quantitative models of the underlying macro- and micromechanics. In addition to these experimental studies, finite element analysis (FEA) techniques are used to determine stress and strain fields to verify the constitutive law used in the fracture specimens.</P>

Biomimetic substrate control of cellular mechanotransduction

Mohammad Nahid Andalib,Yuris Dzenis,Henry J. Donahue,Jung Yul Lim 한국생체재료학회 2016 생체재료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Extracellular mechanophysical signals from both static substrate cue and dynamic mechanical loading have strong potential to regulate cell functions. Most of the studies have adopted either static or dynamic cue and shown that each cue can regulate cell adhesion, spreading, migration, proliferation, lineage commitment, and differentiation. However, there is limited information on the integrative control of cell functions by the static and dynamic mechanophysical signals. For example, a majority of dynamic loading studies have tested mechanical stimulation of cells utilizing cultures on flat surfaces without any surface modification. While these approaches have provided significant information on cell mechanotransduction, obtained outcomes may not correctly recapitulate complex cellular mechanosensing milieus in vivo. Several pioneering studies documented cellular response to mechanical stimulations upon cultures with biomimetic substrate modifications. In this min-review, we will highlight key findings on the integrative role of substrate cue (topographic, geometric, etc.) and mechanical stimulation (stretch, fluid shear) in modulating cell function and fate. The integrative approaches, though not fully established yet, will help properly understand cell mechanotransduction under biomimetic mechanophysical environments. This may further lead to advanced functional tissue engineering and regenerative medicine protocols.

Proteomic, mechanical, and biochemical development of tissue-engineered neocartilage

Benjamin J. Bielajew,Ryan P. Donahue,Elliott K. Lamkin,Jerry C. Hu,Vincent C. Hascall,Kyriacos A. Athanasiou 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Background: The self-assembling process of cartilage tissue engineering is a promising technique to heal cartilage defects, preventing osteoarthritic changes. Given that chondrocytes dedifferentiate when expanded, it is not known if cellular expansion affects the development of self-assembled neocartilage. The objective of this study was to use proteomic, mechanical, and biochemical analyses to quantitatively investigate the development of self-assembled neocartilage derived from passaged, rejuvenated costal chondrocytes. Methods: Yucatan minipig costal chondrocytes were used to create self-assembled neocartilage constructs. After 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 56, or 84 days of self-assembly, constructs were analyzed through a variety of histological, biomechanical, biochemical, and proteomic techniques. Results: It was found that temporal trends in neocartilage formation are similar to those seen in native hyaline articular cartilage development. For example, between days 7 and 84 of culture, tensile Young’s modulus increased 4.4-times, total collagen increased 2.7-times, DNA content decreased 69.3%, collagen type II increased 1.5-times, and aggrecan dropped 55.3%, mirroring trends shown in native knee cartilage. Importantly, collagen type X, which is associated with cartilage calcification, remained at low levels (≤ 0.05%) at all neocartilage developmental time points, similar to knee cartilage (< 0.01%) and unlike donor rib cartilage (0.98%). Conclusions: In this work, bottom-up proteomics, a powerful tool to interrogate tissue composition, was used for the first time to quantify and compare the proteome of a developing engineered tissue to a recipient tissue. Furthermore, it was shown that self-assembled, costal chondrocyte-derived neocartilage is suitable for a non-homologous approach in the knee.

Integrating Labor Relations and Human Resource Management: Impacts on State Workforces

WILLOW S. JACOBSON,AMY K. DONAHUE,ELLEN V. RUBIN 한국행정학회 2008 International Review of Public Administration Vol.13 No.2

What is the combined effect of labor relations and human resources management on results that are important to managers? This article provides a preliminary answer to this question using data from the 50 state governments. Research considering the influence of public sector unions on public sector outcomes typically operationalizes unionization as bivariate, which greatly understates the complexity of the relationships. Furthermore, labor relations research often fails to consider the human resources management systems in which labor relations operates. Considering the effects of labor relations and human resource management policies together on intermediate outcomes such as quality of hires, turnover, and tenure begins to provide a more complete picture of the workforce management system, and provides a roadmap for future research which can be informative for both the public and private sectors.

CASEIN KINASEII MEDIATES MULTIPLE PHOSPHORYLATION OF EIF - 2α , WHICH IS REQUIRED FOR OPTIMAL EIF -2 FUNCTION

Hee Jeong Yoon,Lan Feng,Thomas F . Donahue 생화학분자생물학회 1995 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

The Biochemical Adaptations of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Fresh Fruits Reduced Fructose Concentrations and Glutathione-S Transferase Activities

Nguyen, Phuong,Kim, A-Young,Jung, Jin Kyo,Donahue, Kelly M.,Jung, Chuleui,Choi, Man-Yeon,Koh, Young Ho Entomological Society of America [etc.] 2016 Journal of economic entomology Vol.109 No.2

<P>Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an invasive and economically damaging pest in Europe and North America. The females have a serrated ovipositor that enables them to infest almost all ripening small fruits. To understand the physiological and metabolic basis of spotted wing drosophila food preferences for healthy ripening fruits, we investigated the biological and biochemical characteristics of spotted wing drosophila and compared them with those of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. We found that the susceptibility to oxidative stressors was significantly increased in spotted wing drosophila compared with those of D. melanogaster. In addition, we found that spotted wing drosophila had significantly reduced glutathione-S transferase (GST) activity and gene numbers. Furthermore, fructose concentrations found in spotted wing drosophila were significantly lower than those of D. melanogaster. Our data strongly suggest that the altered food preferences of spotted wing drosophila may stem from evolutionary adaptations to fresh foods accompanied by alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and GST activities.</P>

Sustained high-level polyclonal hematopoietic marking and transgene expression 4 years after autologous transplantation of rhesus macaques with SIV lentiviral vector-transduced CD34+ cells

Kim, Yoo-Jin,Kim, Yoon-Sang,Larochelle, Andre,Renaud, Gabriel,Wolfsberg, Tyra G.,Adler, Rima,Donahue, Robert E.,Hematti, Peiman,Hong, Bum-Kee,Roayaei, Jean,Akagi, Keiko,Riberdy, Janice M.,Nienhuis, Ar American Society of Hematology 2009 Blood Vol.113 No.22

<B>Abstract</B><P>We previously reported that lentiviral vectors derived from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were efficient at transducing rhesus hematopoietic repopulating cells. To evaluate the persistence of vector-containing and -expressing cells long term, and the safety implications of SIV lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer, we followed 3 rhesus macaques for more than 4 years after transplantation with transduced CD34+ cells. All 3 animals demonstrated significant vector marking and expression of the GFP transgene in T cells, B cells, and granulocytes, with mean GFP+ levels of 6.7% (range, 3.3%-13.0%), 7.4% (4.2%-13.4%), and 5.6% (3.1%-10.5%), respectively. There was no vector silencing in hematopoietic cells over time. Vector insertion site analysis of granulocytes demonstrated sustained highly polyclonal reconstitution, with no evidence for progression to oligoclonality. A significant number of clones were found to contribute at both 1-year and 3- or 4-year time points. No vector integrations were detected in the MDS1/EVI1 region, in contrast to our previous findings with a γ-retroviral vector. These data show that lentiviral vectors can mediate stable and efficient long-term expression in the progeny of transduced hematopoietic stem cells, with an integration profile that may be safer than that of standard Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV)-derived retroviral vectors.</P>

Dynamics of HSPC Repopulation in Nonhuman Primates Revealed by a Decade-Long Clonal-Tracking Study

Kim, S.,Kim, N.,Presson, Angela P.,Metzger, Mark E.,Bonifacino, Aylin C.,Sehl, M.,Chow, Samson A.,Crooks, Gay M.,Dunbar, Cynthia E.,An, D.,Donahue, Robert E.,Chen, Irvin S.Y. Cell Press 2014 Cell stem cell Vol.14 No.4

In mice, clonal tracking of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has revealed variations in repopulation characteristics. However, it is unclear whether similar properties apply in primates. Here, we examined this issue through tracking of thousands of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in rhesus macaques for up to 12 years. Approximately half of the clones analyzed contributed to long-term repopulation (over 3-10 years), arising in sequential groups and likely representing self-renewing HSCs. The remainder contributed primarily for the first year. The long-lived clones could be further subdivided into functional groups contributing primarily to myeloid, lymphoid, or both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Over time, the 4%-10% of clones with robust dual lineage contribution predominated in repopulation. HSPCs expressing a CCR5 shRNA transgene behaved similarly to controls. Our study therefore documents HSPC behavior in a clinically relevant model over a long time frame and provides a substantial system-level data set that is a reference point for future work.