Detection and Genotyping of Coxiella-like Endosymbionts in Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis Ticks Infesting Pets and Livestock in Puducherry, India

Panneer Devaraju,Aravindhan Appakannu Gopal,Waseema Arif,Lakshmy Srinivasan,Terence Nathan Anthony,Mathivanan Ashokkumar 대한미생물학회 2024 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.54 No.1

Ticks are obligate blood-feeders that are vectors for several pathogens of public health and veterinary importance. Ticks were reported to have endosymbionts such as Coxiella-like, Francisella-like, Midichloria mitochondrii, Wolbachia, etc. With limited data on endosymbionts in ticks from India, we explored the endosymbiont diversity in ticks infesting the pets and livestock in Puducherry. Ectoparasites were collected from pet and domestic animals in 11 veterinary dispensaries between August to September 2022 and identified by taxonomical keys and sequencing of 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and Cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes. Wolbachia, Coxiella-like, Francisella-like and Midichloria mitochondrii endosymbionts were screened by PCR and their presence was confirmed by sequencing. A total of 984 ectoparasites including 5 tick, 3 lice, and 1 flea species were retrieved from 304 animals. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks were positive for the presence of Coxiella-like endosymbionts (CLEs) clustering under the clades B and C. Further, vertical transmission of CLEs in the field-collected R. sanguineus ticks was also demonstrated. This study offers an overview of the endosymbionts harbored by ticks in Puducherry with the first report of CLEs in H. bispinosa ticks and the transovarial transmission of endosymbionts in R. sanguineus ticks.

In-situ polymerization and dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) in aqueous solution of sulfonated polyimide

Subramani Devaraju,홍영근,백현종 한국고분자학회 2015 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.4

Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) as template material for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) dispersion

Subramani Devaraju,홍영근,백현종 한국고분자학회 2015 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.10

Comparison of McGurk Effect across Three Consonant-Vowel Combinations in Kannada

Dhatri S Devaraju,Ajith Kumar Uppunda,Santosh Maruthy 대한청각학회 2019 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.23 No.1

Background and Objectives: The influence of visual stimulus on the auditory component inthe perception of auditory-visual (AV) consonant-vowel syllables has been demonstrated in differentlanguages. Inherent properties of unimodal stimuli are known to modulate AV integration. The present study investigated how the amount of McGurk effect (an outcome of AV integration)varies across three different consonant combinations in Kannada language. Theimportance of unimodal syllable identification on the amount of McGurk effect was also seen. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-eight individuals performed an AV identification task with ba/ga, pa/ka and ma/n· a consonant combinations in AV congruent, AV incongruent (McGurkcombination), audio alone and visual alone condition. Cluster analysis was performed usingthe identification scores for the incongruent stimuli, to classify the individuals into two groups;one with high and the other with low McGurk scores. The differences in the audio alone andvisual alone scores between these groups were compared. Results: The results showed significantlyhigher McGurk scores for ma/n· a compared to ba/ga and pa/ka combinations inboth high and low McGurk score groups. No significant difference was noted between ba/gaand pa/ka combinations in either group. Identification of /n· a/ presented in the visual alonecondition correlated negatively with the higher McGurk scores. Conclusions: The results suggestthat the final percept following the AV integration is not exclusively explained by the unimodalidentification of the syllables. But there are other factors which may also contribute tomaking inferences about the final percept.

A Metal-Free, Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor with a de-Bundled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrode

Dinakaran Thirumalai,Devaraju Subramani,신보성,백현종,장승철 대한화학회 2018 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.39 No.2

A new metal-free, non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor system for the detection of glucose was developed in this study. The developed sensor uses a de-bundled single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). SWCNTs were de-bundled in aqueous solution by adding a synthesized polymer dispersant, sulfonated poly(ether sulfone). The de-bundled SWCNTs showed two significant characteristics: (1) improvement of the aspect ratio and dispersibility in aqueous solution and (2) suitability for use as a selective and sensitive sensing element in non-enzymatic glucose sensors. The experimental results clearly demonstrated that the SWCNTs/GCE possesses high electro-catalytic activity and efficient sensitivity with a stable and faster amperometric response production. Furthermore, interference by ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, uric acid, and dopamine is effectively avoided. Therefore, the proposed approach is favorable for the design and development of non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ether sulfone) block copolymers containing pendent quaternary ammonium- and imidazolium groups as anion exchange membranes

Mohanty, Aruna Kumar,Devaraju, Subramani,Kim, Nowon,Paik, Hyun-jong Elsevier 2018 Solid state ionics Vol.314 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A class of poly(ether sulfone) (FPES) block copolymers containing pendent quaternary ammonium (QA) and imidazolium (IM) groups were prepared as anion exchange membranes by reaction involving nucleophilic substitution, benzylic bromination, quaternization and anion exchange with hydroxide ions. Highly reactive hexafluorobenzene (HFB) was utilized as a linkage group for relatively low temperature (e.g., 105°C) coupling between hydrophobic and precursor hydrophilic oligomer blocks. The phase separated morphology, water uptake, swelling ratio, conductivity, and chemical stability of the resultant copolymer membranes were also investigated. The hydroxide conductivity of the ionomer membranes (IEC~2.0 mequiv./g) was 21–22mS/cm and 56–63mS/cm at 30°C and 80°C respectively. The FPES-IM membrane showed relatively very good dimensional integrity in high pH solution, whereas under the similar condition the FPES-QA membrane broke into pieces. However, the degradation of the imidazolium cations in FPES-IM was relatively faster in comparison to the ammonium cations in FPES-QA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anion exchange membranes were prepared using hexafluorobenzene as a linkage group. </LI> <LI> Quaternary ammonium has better alkaline stability than imidazolium cations. </LI> <LI> Block copolymer anion exchange membranes exhibited nano-phase separation in AFM. </LI> <LI> Good hydroxide ion conductivity up to 63mS/cm at 80°C was observed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Debundling of Carbon Nanotube by Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone) and Silver Nanowire for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor

Thirumalai Dinakaran,Subramani Devaraju,Bosung Shin(신보성),Hyun-jong Paik(백현종),Seung-Cheol Chang(장승철) 한국고분자학회 2017 폴리머 Vol.41 No.6

탄소섬유전극을 기반으로 효소가 불필요한 과산화수소(H₂O₂) 센서를 분산된 은 나노와이어와 단일벽 탄소나노튜브를 탄소섬유전극 표면에 드롭캐스팅법으로 고정화하여 제작하였다. 센서 제작에 사용된 탄소나노튜브는 고분자 분산제인 술폰화 폴리(에테르 술폰)에 의하여 효과적인 길이/직경의 종횡비를 나타낼 수 있도록 개별 분산되었으며 센서의 성능 향상을 위하여 은 나노와이어와 더불어 컴포지트 형태로 제작되어 새로운 센서 제작법에 활용되었다. 제작된 센서는 H₂O₂에 대하여 높은 전기촉매활성과 재현성, 빠른 분석 시간 및 우수한 감도를 나타냄을 확인하였다(센서 감도: 1.3 μA·mM<SUP>-1</SUP>, 검출 한계: 0.69 μM (S/N=3) 및 검출 시간: 3초 미만). 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 고분자 분산제를 사용한 단일벽 탄소나노튜브의 수용액 내에서의 분산도 향상은 효소가 불필요한 H₂O₂ 센서의 설계 및 제작에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. A new non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor based on carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) has been developed. The CFMEs were modified using a simple drop casting procedure with effectively dispersed silver nanowires (AgNWs) and debundled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In aqueous solution, the SWCNTs were debundled with a high length/diameter aspect ratio using a synthesized polymer dispersant, sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES). Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of the sensor for the reduction of H₂O₂ was obtained with the sensor sensitivity of 1.3 μA·mM<SUP>-1</SUP> and the detection limit of 0.69 μM (S/N=3) with a quick turnaround time (less than 3 s). The results clearly reveal that the AgNW-SWCNTs/CFMEs possess high electro-catalytic activity and efficient sensitivity with high reproducibility and fast amperometric response production. Therefore, the proposed debundling approach can be expanded to design and develop nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensors.

De-bundled single-walled carbon nanotube-modified sensors for simultaneous differential pulse voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid

Thirumalai, Dinakaran,Subramani, Devaraju,Yoon, Jang-Hee,Lee, Jaewon,Paik, Hyun-jong,Chang, Seung-Cheol The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.4

<P>A new approach based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was developed for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) using a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The sensor was constructed by a simple “one-step” technique, wherein de-bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were drop-cast onto the GCE. Without de-bundling, the SWCNTs were poorly dispersed in aqueous solution and were ineffective for the one-step procedure. De-bundling of the SWCNTs was achieved using a small amount (0.1 wt%) of the synthesized polymer dispersant, sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES); the de-bundled SWCNTs had a high aspect ratio (length = 2.5 ± 1.0 μm; height = 2 ± 1 nm, as determined using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy). The de-bundled SWCNTs also led to enhanced electrocatalytic activity and selectivity of the modified sensor for the simultaneous determination of AA, DA, and UA in DPV measurements: the peak-to-peak separation values were 221, 119, and 340 mV (<I>vs.</I> Ag/AgCl) for DA-AA, UA-DA, and AA-UA, respectively. The dynamic linear ranges for AA, DA, and UA were 0.2-1.6 mM, 5.0-50 μM, and 5.0-60 μM, and the detection limits were 10.6 μM, 15 nM, and 113 nM (S/N = 3), respectively. The analytical performance of the developed sensor was demonstrated in the determination of AA and DA in commercial pharmaceutical samples (vitamin C tablets and DA injection). The characteristics of the modified sensor make it promising for the individual or simultaneous determination of AA, DA, and UA.</P>

Metal organic framework derived mesoporous carbon nitrides with a high specific surface area and chromium oxide nanoparticles for CO₂ and hydrogen adsorption

Joseph, Stalin,Kempaiah, Devaraju M.,Benzigar, Mercy,Baskar, Arun V.,Talapaneni, Siddulu N.,Jhung, Sung Hwa,Park, Dae-Hwan,Vinu, Ajayan The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.40

<P>In this work, we report a simple and versatile method for the preparation of mesoporous carbon nitrides (MCNs) functionalized with highly dispersed chromium oxide nanoparticles by using a metal organic framework, MIL-100(Cr), as a template and aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG) as a high nitrogen content single molecular precursor. We are able to synthesise these metal oxide functionalized MCN materials with single step carbonization but without using any toxic template removal process using HF or NaOH. The absence of a washing procedure with toxic acid also allows the incorporation of a large amount of metal oxide particles inside the porous channels of MCNs. The obtained MCN materials exhibit a high specific surface area and a large pore volume. The AG to template ratios are varied to control the amine functional groups and the textural parameters including the specific surface area and pore volume. It is found that the AG to template ratio of 1.5 is the best condition to obtain MCNs with a specific surface area of 1294 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, which is the highest value reported so far for MCN-based materials. FT-IR and XPS results reveal that the prepared materials contain free NH2 groups within the CN network which help to anchor metal oxide nanoparticles and provide highly dispersed basic sites. These functionalized MCN materials are also used as adsorbents for CO2 capture. Among the materials studied, the MCN with the highest specific surface area shows the largest CO2 adsorption capacity (16.8 mmol g<SUP>−1</SUP>) which is much higher than those of MCN materials prepared from SBA-15 and KIT-6, activated carbon, MIL-100(Cr), SBA-15, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. This high adsorption capacity is mainly due to the strong synergistic effect between the MCN with high specific surface area and highly dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles.</P>

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients on Chronic Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Therapy

Nerli RB,M N Reddy,S Devaraju,M B Hiremath 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2012 전남의대학술지 Vol.48 No.2

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is an integral component in the management of large volume renal stone disease either as monotherapy or in combination with shock wave lithotripsy. Stone disease in patients on chronic anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy, however, poses a difficult scenario. Bleeding is a major concern for any patient undergoing PCNL. We retrospectively analyzed our series of patients with renal calculi who were on chronic anticoagulant therapy and who underwent PCNL. We reviewed the case records of patients undergoing PCNL during the period from January 2005to December 2011. We analyzed the changes in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin,serum creatinine, and clotting parameters, as well as intraoperative and postoperative bleeding and thromboembolic complications. During the 5-year study period,a total of 36 patients (30 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 46.33±9.96 years (range, 29-61 years) who were on chronic anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy underwent PCNL for urolithiasis. The mean size of the stone was 6.40±1.98 cm2 (range, 2.8-9cm2). The mean operating time was 62.08±10.10 min. The bleeding was successfully managed in all patients and the anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents were restarted after an appropriate duration. The mean rise in serum creatinine at discharge was 0.05±0.03mg/dl and the mean fall in serum hemoglobin was 1.63±0.77 g/dl. At 3 months after surgery, the stone-free rate was 100%. With careful preoperative care and regulation of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy and appropriate intraoperative management,PCNL can be performed safely and successfully in properly selected patients with renal calculi who are on chronic anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy