Decolonizing epistemologies of the global South: Perspectives from Canada

Regmi Kapil Dev 한국다문화교육학회 2022 Multicultural Education Review Vol.14 No.4

Decolonization has multiple meanings and interpretations which reflect not necessarily the arbitrariness of the concept but the complex history of colonialism and the struggles that colonized people have endeavoured to carry on. The level of oppression and subjugation may vary, but there is hardly any one living in the global South (i.e., marginalized communities of both developed and developing countries around the world) who are not affected by colonialism. In the last few years, coloniality and its effects on education are critiqued by scholarly community. In this paper, with an in-depth exploration of the colonial history of Canada, I explore how the epistemologies of the global South were colonized, what decolonization efforts are made by indigenous scholars, and what challenges remain ahead.

The effect of multi-strain probiotics as feed additives on performance, immunity, expression of nutrient transporter genes and gut morphometry in broiler chickens

Biswas Avishek,Dev Kapil,Tyagi Pramod K,Mandal Asitbaran 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-strain probiotic (MSP) (Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 + Bacillus subtillis UBBS14 + Saccharomyces boulardii Unique 28) on performance, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter related genes in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 256 (4×8×8) day-old CARIBRO Vishal commercial broiler chicks of uniform body weight were randomly distributed into four treatments with 8 replicates each and having eight chicks in each replicate. Four dietary treatments were T1 (negative control-basal diet), T2 (positive control-antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate at 20 mg/kg diet), T3 (MSP at 107 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g feed), and T4 (MSP at 108 CFU/g feed). Results: During 3 to 6 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks, the body weight gain increased significantly (p<0.05) in T3 and T4 groups. The feed intake significantly (p<0.05) reduced from T1 to T3 during 0 to 3 weeks and the feed conversion ratio also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T3 and T4 during 0 to 6 weeks. The humoral and cell mediated immune response and the weight of immune organs were also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T3 and T4. However, significant (p<0.05) dietary effects were observed on intestinal histo-morphometry of ileum in T3 followed by T4 and T2. At 14 d post hatch, the relative gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT5), sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and peptide transporter (PepT1) showed a significant (p<0.05) up-regulating pattern in T2, T3, and T4. Whereas, at 21 d post hatch, the gene expression of SGLT1 and PepT1 was significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in MSP supplemented treatments T3 and T4. Conclusion: The supplementation of MSP at 107 CFU/g diet showed significant effects with improved performance, immune response, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter genes. Thus, the MSP could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in chicken diets. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-strain probiotic (MSP) (Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 + Bacillus subtillis UBBS14 + Saccharomyces boulardii Unique 28) on performance, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter related genes in broiler chickens.Methods: A total of 256 (4×8×8) day-old CARIBRO Vishal commercial broiler chicks of uniform body weight were randomly distributed into four treatments with 8 replicates each and having eight chicks in each replicate. Four dietary treatments were T1 (negative control-basal diet), T2 (positive control-antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate at 20 mg/kg diet), T3 (MSP at 107 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g feed), and T4 (MSP at 108 CFU/g feed).Results: During 3 to 6 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks, the body weight gain increased significantly (p<0.05) in T3 and T4 groups. The feed intake significantly (p<0.05) reduced from T1 to T3 during 0 to 3 weeks and the feed conversion ratio also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T3 and T4 during 0 to 6 weeks. The humoral and cell mediated immune response and the weight of immune organs were also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T3 and T4. However, significant (p<0.05) dietary effects were observed on intestinal histo-morphometry of ileum in T3 followed by T4 and T2. At 14 d post hatch, the relative gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT5), sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and peptide transporter (PepT1) showed a significant (p<0.05) up-regulating pattern in T2, T3, and T4. Whereas, at 21 d post hatch, the gene expression of SGLT1 and PepT1 was significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in MSP supplemented treatments T3 and T4.Conclusion: The supplementation of MSP at 107 CFU/g diet showed significant effects with improved performance, immune response, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter genes. Thus, the MSP could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in chicken diets.

유한요소해석 및 중성자회절법을 통한 등통로각압축 공정 시편의 잔류응력분포

이학현(Hak Hyeon Lee),Kapil Dev Gangwar,박경태(Kyung-Tae Park),우완측(Wanchuck Woo),김형섭(Hyoung Seop Kim) 한국소성가공학회 2017 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

중성자회절법과 유한요소법을 이용한 등통로각압축 공정된 구리 시편에서의 잔류응력 분석

이학현(Hak Hyeon Lee),Kapil Dev Gangwar,박경태(Kyung-Tae Park),우완측(Wanchuck Woo),김형섭(Hyoung Seop Kim) 한국소성가공학회 2017 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

Neutron diffraction and finite element analysis of the residual stress distribution of copper processed by equal-channel angular pressing

Lee, Hak Hyeon,Gangwar, Kapil Dev,Park, Kyung-Tae,Woo, Wanchuck,Kim, Hyoung Seop Elsevier 2017 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.682 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Residual stress remaining after plastic deformation significantly affects the physical and chemical behaviors of materials. In this work, the residual stress distribution in Cu after single-pass equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) was evaluated using neutron diffraction and the finite element method (FEM). The residual stress distributions simulated using the FEM are in good agreement with the experimental results measured using the neutron diffraction method. The workpiece had non-uniform distribution of residual stresses from bottom to top region of a rod specimen with circular cross-section. The axial residual stress in the top region of the workpiece was highly tensile; while it was only slightly tensile in the bottom region. On the other hand, the radial and hoop residual stresses were tensile in the bottom region, whereas they were compressive in the top region. Despite such non-uniformity of residual stresses, the middle region of the workpiece had relatively homogeneous tensile residual stresses. This investigation on the residual stress distribution in the ECAP-processed material provides a new window from which engineering problems in related with residual stress can be issued and solved.</P>

CYP1A1 Gene Polymorphisms: Modulator of Genetic Damage in Coal-Tar Workers

Giri, Shiv Kumar,Yadav, Anita,Kumar, Anil,Dev, Kapil,Gulati, Sachin,Gupta, Ranjan,Aggarwal, Neeraj,Gautam, Sanjeev Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

Aim: It is well known that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo (a) pyrene have carcinogenic properties and may cause many types of cancers in human populations. Genetic susceptibility might be due to variation in genes encoding for carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P-450 (CYP450). Our study aimed to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 (m1 and m2) on genetic damage in 115 coal-tar workers exposed to PAHs at their work place. Methods: Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. Comet and buccal micronucleus assays were used to evaluate genetic damage among 115 coal tar workers and 105 control subjects. Results: Both CYP1A1 m1 and CYP1A1 m2 heterozygous and homozygous (wt/mt+mt/mt) variants individually as well as synergistically showed significant association (P<0.05) with genetic damage as measured by tail moment (TM) and buccal micronuclei (BMN) frequencies in control and exposed subjects. Conclusion: In our study we found significant association of CYP1A1 m1 and m2 heterozygous (wt/mt)+homozygous (mt/mt) variants with genetic damage suggesting that these polymorphisms may modulate the effects of PAH exposure in occupational settings.

Nano-graphene oxide incorporated into PMMA resin to prevent microbial adhesion

Lee, Jung-Hwan,Jo, Jeong-Ki,Kim, Dong-Ae,Patel, Kapil Dev,Kim, Hae-Won,Lee, Hae-Hyoung Elsevier 2018 Dental materials Vol.34 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>Although polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a dental material, a major challenge of using this substance is its poor antimicrobial (anti-adhesion) effects, which increase oral infections. Here, graphene-oxide nanosheets (nGO) were incorporated into PMMA to introduce sustained antimicrobial-adhesive effects by increasing the hydrophilicity of PMMA.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>After characterizing nGO and nGO-incorporated PMMA (up to 2wt%) in terms of morphology and surface characteristics, 3-point flexural strength and hardness were evaluated. The anti-adhesive effects were determined for 4 different microbial species with experimental specimens and the underlying anti-adhesive mechanism was investigated by a non-thermal oxygen plasma treatment. Sustained antimicrobial-adhesive effects were characterized with incubation in artificial saliva for up to 28 days.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The typical nanosheet morphology was observed for nGO. Incorporating nGO into PMMA roughened its surface and increased its hydrophilicity without compromising flexural strength or surface hardness. An anti-adhesive effect after 1h of exposure to microbial species in artificial saliva was observed in nGO-incorporated specimens, which accelerated with increasing levels of nGO without significant cytotoxicity to oral keratinocytes. Plasma treatment of native PMMA demonstrated that the antimicrobial-adhesive effects of nGO incorporation were at least partially due to increased hydrophilicity, not changes in the surface roughness. A sustained antimicrobial-adhesive property against <I>Candida albicans</I> was observed in 2% nGO for up to 28 days.</P> <P><B>Significance</B></P> <P>The presence of sustained anti-adhesion properties in nGO-incorporated PMMA without loading any antimicrobial drugs suggests the potential usefulness of this compound as a promising antimicrobial dental material for dentures, orthodontic devices and provisional restorative materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) incorporating nano-sized graphene oxide (nGO) led to improved mechanical properties. </LI> <LI> PMMA incorporating nGO exhibited an anti-adhesive effect against microbial species in artificial saliva. </LI> <LI> An increase in hydrophilicity was considered a possible mechanism of the antimicrobial-adhesive effects of nGO-PMMA. </LI> <LI> A sustained antimicrobial-adhesive effect was observed for up to 28 days. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Protein purification from Arachis hypogaea in one step: stability studies and anticarcinogenic analysis

Afaque Ahmad,Hirday N. Verma,Prahalad Bharti,Kamlesh Pandey,Shahbaz Khan,Kapil Dev 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.1

The study involved purification of trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of Indian peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), a member of leguminosae family. The inhibitor was purified to homogeneity via three sequential step procedure i.e., salt precipitation to anion-exchange chromatography. The purity and molecular mass was detected using SDS PAGE analysis i.e. * 16 kDa. The purified inhibitor termed as Peanut Trypsin Inhibitor (PTI) which inhibits trypsin belonging to serpins family. Anti- neoplastic potential on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK) was determined using MTT assay. PTI exhibited IC50 value of * 18.412 lg/mL in HEK cells compared to * 9.635 lg/mL in MCF-7 cells. The values were quite comparable to curcumin, the standard anticancer drug demonstrating IC50 values of * 21.581 lg/ mL and * 7.135 lg/mL in HEK and MCF-7 respectively. Therefore, we conclude that PTI may be used as supplement along with the conventional drugs for increased efficacy in the treatment of cancer.

Preparation of Self-Activated Fluorescence Mesoporous Silica Hollow Nanoellipsoids for Theranostics

Singh, Rajendra Kumar,Kim, Tae-Hyun,Mahapatra, Chinmaya,Patel, Kapil Dev,Kim, Hae-Won American Chemical Society 2015 Langmuir Vol.31 No.41

<P>The newly developed multifunctional (self-activated fluorescent, mesoporous, and biocompatible) hollow mesoporous silica nanoellipsoids (f-hMS) are potentially useful as a delivery system of drugs for therapeutics and imaging purposes. For the synthesis of f-hMS, self-activated fluorescence hydroxyapatite (fHA) was used as a core template. A mesoporous silica shell was obtained by silica formation and subsequent removal of the fHA core, which resulted in a hollow-cored f-hMS. Although the silica shell provided a highly mesoporous structure, enabling an effective loading of drug molecules, the fluorescent property of fHA was also well-preserved in the f-hMS. Cytochrome <I>c</I> and doxorubicin, used as a model protein and anticancer drug, respectively, were shown to be effectively loaded onto f-hMS and were then released in a sustainable and controllable manner. The f-hMS was effectively taken up by the cells and exhibited fluorescent labeling while preserving excellent cell viability. Overall, the f-hMS nanoreservoir may be useful as a multifunctional carrier system for drug delivery and cell imaging.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2015/langd5.2015.31.issue-41/acs.langmuir.5b03436/production/images/medium/la-2015-03436q_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/la5b03436'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effects of zolpidem on sleep parameters in patients with cirrhosis and sleep disturbances: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Manoj Kumar Sharma,Sumeet Kainth,Sachin Kumar,Ankit Bhardwaj,Hemant Kumar Agarwal,Rakhi Maiwall,Kapil Dev Jamwal,Saggere Muralikrishna Shasthry,Ankur Jindal,Ashok Choudhary,Lovkesh Anand,Rajender Mal 대한간학회 2019 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to study the efficacy and safety of zolpidem for sleep disturbances in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Fifty-two Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class A or B cirrhotics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5 were randomized to either zolpidem 5 mg daily (n=26) or placebo (n=26) for 4 weeks. Results: The therapy of 4 weeks was completed by 23 patients receiving zolpidem (3 stopped treatment due to excessive daytime drowsiness) and 24 receiving placebo (2 refused to continue the study). In the zolpidem group, after 4 weeks of therapy, there was significant increase in total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency compared to baseline and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance (i.e., decrease in sleep latency time, decrease in wake time, and decreases in number of arousals and periodic limbs movements per hour of sleep), without any significant change in sleep architecture. Conclusions: Four weeks of 5 mg daily zolpidem in CTP class A or B cirrhosis patients with insomnia led to significant increases in TST and sleep efficiency and improvement in polysomnographic parameters of sleep initiation and maintenance without any significant change in sleep architecture.