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Contributions of Parental Lineage on the Community Development of Rice Seed Bacterial Endophytes
( Denver Walitang ),김기윤 ( Kiyoon Kim ),( Aritra Roy Choudhury ),강연경 ( Yeongyeong Kang ),사동민 ( Tongmin Sa ) 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2017 No.-
There is relatively diverse groups of bacterial endophytes inhabiting the seeds of rice that could become the dominant sources of endophytes of rice host as bacterial endophytes are transmitted and conserved in the next generations. The objective of this study is to gain insights into the contributions of parental lineage and crossbreeding on the seed bacterial endophytic communities of two pure inbred lines exploring influence of the two most important sources of plant endophytes - colonization from external sources and vertical transmission via seeds. Total genomic DNA was isolated from rice seeds and bacterial DNA was selectively amplified by PCR. The diversity of endophytic bacteria was studied through Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Diversity between the original parents and the pure inbred line may show significant differences in terms of richness, evenness and diversity indices. Heat maps reveal astonishing contributions of both or either parents (IR29 x Pokkali and AT401 x IR31868) in the shaping of the bacterial seed endophytes of the succeeding pure inbred line from the original hybrid host. Most of the T-RFs of the subsequent pure inbred line (FL478 and IC32) could be traced to any or both of the parents. Comparison of common and genotype-specific T-RFs of parents and their offspring reveals that majority of the T-RFs are shared suggesting higher transmission of bacterial communities common to both parents. The parents influence the bacterial community of their offspring. Unique T-RFs of the offspring also suggest external sources of colonization particularly as the seeds are cultivated in different ecogeographical locations. This study showed that host parental lines contributed greatly in the shaping of bacterial seed endophytes of their offspring. It also revealed transmission and potential conservation of core seed bacterial endophytes that generally become the dominant microbiota in the succeeding generations of plant hosts.
Denver I. Walitang,Tongmin Sa(사동민) 한국토양비료학회 2021 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11
Inoculation with the endophytic plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) leads to plant responses concurrent to the integration of the bioinoculum to the native endophytic bacterial community of the host plant. The interaction of the bioinoculum on the community of the native endophytic bacteria of the host plant is also understudied but should be an essential factor when assessing effects of bioinoculants. The study evaluated the modulation of host defense responses in rice when it is inoculated by Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20. The effect of inoculation on the diversity and community structure of the root and shoot bacterial endophytes in Oryza sativa L. spp. indica cv. IR29 was also investigated. The defense responses observed in IR29 measured in terms of ROS and PR protein production significantly increased, but was eventually modulated by Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20. Using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, CBMB20 was shown to integrate with the native endophytic bacterial community of rice without causing significant changes in the bacterial diversity and community structure. The endophytic bacterial community of the rice seedling could be traced to the original seed community suggesting that they are seed-borne endophytes. The dominant bacterial communities in rice are mainly represented by bacterial genera associated to Microbacterium, Delftia, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas, Herbaspirillum, Enterobacter and Sphingomonas. In addition, Curtobacterium, Enterobacter, Stenotro-phomonas and Xanthomonas were observed in both the root and shoot community. The results showed that Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 could modulate defense responses and non-antagonistically integrate with the native endophytic bacterial community of the rice host opening another area on the mechanism of plant growth promotion by the bioinoculum.
Denver D’Rozario,Yang Guang 한국마케팅과학회 2020 마케팅과학연구 Vol.30 No.3
The market for dead celebrities (“Delebs”) is large and growing. According to recent estimates, it is now worth $2.25 billion in annual licensing and royalty revenues. The practice is now so prevalent that Forbes began its annual ranking (in 2001) of the postmortem earnings of the “top-earning dead celebrities”. In this paper, we examine this practice and do the following. First, we define key terms that are used in this paper. Next, we look at the major players that have a stake in the market for Delebs, the benefits they reap, and the harms they cause. Following this, we look at how the benefits reaped collectively stack up against the harms caused collectively, from a societal point of view, using a well-known ethics framework. We then show how the overall balance (of benefits vs harms) affects the long-term sustainability of the market for Delebs. Following this, we make a few key ethicsbased recommendations and cautions for marketing practitioners, especially those who are concerned about the long-term viability (and sustainability) of this nascent market for a non-fungible product (i.e., Deleb images and personas). We conclude, by suggesting future directions for scholars interested in ethics-based, sustainability-focused Deleb research.