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Seo, Dong Cheol,DeLaune, Ronald D.,Park, Woo Young,Lim, Jong Sir,Seo, Jeoung Yoon,Lee, Do Jin,Cho, Ju Sik,Heo, Jong Soo Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of environmental monitoring Vol.11 No.1
<P>The treatment efficiency of 2- and 3-stage constructed wetlands (CWs) was evaluated for treating domestic sewage from houses surrounding agricultural villages. The optimum depth of filter media was 90 cm. The optimum volume ratio of vertical flow (VF) and horizontal flow (HF) beds was 1:2, and the optimum filter medium was broken stone in the VF-HF 2-stage hybrid CWs. Based on the above optimum conditions, removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) were 99, 98, 99, 68, and 72%, respectively. However to utilize constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating domestic sewage for an individual house, would require downsizing of the 2-stage hybrid CWs. In addition, the low removal efficiency of T-N and T-P in 2-stage hybrid CWs would require improvements necessary to meet acceptable water quality discharge standards. Thus, to reduce the CWs’ area and improve the T-N and T-P removal efficiencies, VF-HF 2-stage hybrid CW was modified into VF/HF(I)-HF(II) and VF/HF(I)-HF(III) 3-stage hybrid CW. The optimum reduced size of 3-stage hybrid CW was the VF/HF(I)-HF(II) configuration which also increased T-N removal. Using this system, removal efficiency of BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 99, 98, 99, 83, and 75%, respectively. In VF/HF(I)-HF(II) CW, the removal velocity of BOD, COD and SS was rapid on the order of VF (1<SUP>st</SUP> stage) ≫ HF(II) (3<SUP>rd</SUP> stage) ≥ HF(I) (2<SUP>nd</SUP> stage), VF (1<SUP>st</SUP> stage) ≫ HF(II) (3<SUP>rd</SUP> stage) > HF(I) (2<SUP>nd</SUP> stage) and VF (1<SUP>st</SUP> stage) ≫ HF(I) (2<SUP>nd</SUP> stage) > HF(II) (3<SUP>rd</SUP> stage), respectively. The removal velocity of T-N and T-P in VF/HF(I)-HF(II) CWs was rapid on the order of HF(I) (2<SUP>nd</SUP> stage) > HF(II) (3<SUP>rd</SUP> stage) ≥ VF (1<SUP>st</SUP> stage) and VF (1<SUP>st</SUP> stage) > HF(I) (2<SUP>nd</SUP> stage) > HF(II) (3<SUP>rd</SUP> stage), respectively.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>To effectively treat domestic sewage from individual houses surrounding agricultural villages, the optimum hybrid constructed wetlands was demonstrated to be the VF/HF(I)-HF(II) 3-stage constructed wetlands configuration. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b806017g'> </P>
Determination of Initial Denitrification in Intact Cores under Various Freshwater Wetland Types
Seo, Dong-Cheol,Delaune, R.D.,Lane, Robert R.,Day, John W. Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.1
Denitrification rate was determined for various freshwater wetland types in the Mississippi River Coastal delta plain. Site 1 and 4 were collected from forested-tupelo dominated wetland, and site 2 and 3 were from floating emergent marsh. The maximum $N_2O$ emission was $7.47mg\;N\;m^{-2}$ for site 1 at day 6 after the addition of nitrate, $6.96mg\;N\;m^{-2}$ for site 2 at day 4, $6.63mg\;N\;m^{-2}$ for site 3 at day 3, and $9.64mg\;N\;m^{-2}$ for site 4 at day 4. The denitrification rate was determined using the acetylene inhibition method $1.24mg\;N\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ for site 1, $1.93mg\;N\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ for site 2, $2.24mg\;N\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ for site 3, and $2.78mg\;N\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ for site 4. The maximum denitrification rate was in the order of site 4 > site 3 > site 2 > site 1.
Determination of Initial Denitrification in Intact Cores under Various Freshwater Wetland Types
Dong Cheol Seo,R. D. DeLaune,Robert R. Lane,John W. Day 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.1
Denitrification rate was determined for various freshwater wetland types in the Mississippi River Coastal delta plain. Site 1 and 4 were collected from forested-tupelo dominated wetland, and site 2 and 3 were from floating emergent marsh. The maximum N2O emission was 7.47 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> for site 1 at day 6 after the addition of nitrate, 6.96 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> for site 2 at day 4, 6.63 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> for site 3 at day 3, and 9.64 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> for site 4 at day 4. The denitrification rate was determined using the acetylene inhibition method 1.24 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> d<SUP>-1</SUP> for site 1, 1.93 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> d<SUP>-1</SUP> for site 2, 2.24 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> d<SUP>-1</SUP> for site 3, and 2.78 mg N m<SUP>-2</SUP> d<SUP>-1</SUP> for site 4. The maximum denitrification rate was in the order of site 4 > site 3 > site 2 > site 1.
Park, J.H.,Kim, S.H.,Delaune, R.D.,Kang, B.H.,Kang, S.W.,Cho, J.S.,Ok, Y.S.,Seo, D.C. Elsevier Science 2016 Ecological engineering Vol.95 No.-
<P>The objective of this study was to enhance phosphorus (P) removal while achieving near-neutral pH in aqueous solution utilizing steel slags (Blast furnace slag, BFS; Basic oxygen furnace slag-air cooling, BOFS-A; Basic oxygen furnace slag-rapid cooling, BOFS-R) and ferronickel slag (FNS) for application to constructed wetlands (CWs). The maximum P adsorption capacities (mg kg(-1)) of the slags were in the order BOFS-R (3233) > BOFS-A (2320) >> BFS (607) > FNS (260) based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The pH of the slags were in the following order: BOFS-R (11.9) > BOFS-A (9.0)>> BFS (8.9) > FNS (7.5). The basic oxygen furnace slags had the highest P adsorption capacity, while the ferronickel slag had the lowest pH among the tested slags. To achieve high P removal efficiency with near-neutral pH, the BOF slags and ferronickel slag (BOFS-A + FNS and BOFS-R +FNS) were mixed in batch experiments. To achieve effective P removal with near-neutral pH utilizing steel and ferronickel slags, the optimum conditions were found to be the ratio of BOFS-R:FNS of 7:3. Therefore, when mixed slags at the BOFS-R:FNS ratio of 7:3 were applied to CWs, they could achieve high P removal efficiency and near-neutral pH for meeting the acceptable drinking water quality discharge standard. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Park, J.H.,Kim, S.H.,Delaune, R.D.,Cho, J.S.,Heo, J.S.,Ok, Y.S.,Seo, D.C. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Agricultural water management Vol.162 No.-
To enhance the nitrate removal in constructed wetlands (CWs) for treating hydroponic wastewater discharged from greenhouses, the effectiveness of HF (horizontal flow)-HF hybrid CWs utilizing a combined sulfur-based autotrophic (based on the optimum conditions from batch experiment) and heterotrophic denitrification was evaluated for treating hydroponic wastewater containing high nitrate and low organic carbon concentrations. The optimum ratio of sulfur: limestone:immobilized bead with Thiobacillus denitrificans (T. denitrificans) was found to be 3:1:4; the optimum initial cell density was above 1x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells; the optimum temperature was 25-35<SUP>o</SUP>C; and the optimum sulfur sources were thiosulfate and elemental sulfur to effectively treat hydroponic wastewater utilizing autotrophic denitrification with T. denitrificans in batch experiments. In the HF-HF CWs utilizing the combined autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification, the average removal efficiencies of nitrate were higher in the order of T2 (71.5%, thiosulfate treatment-combination of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification) >T3 (66.6%, element sulfur treatment-combination of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification) @?T1 (43.0%, control-heterotrophic denitrification only). In the HF-HF CWs, the maximum nitrate removal efficiency by the thiosulfate treatment was slightly greater than that by the treatment with elemental sulfur, whereas the sulfate production influence on autotrophic denitrification by elemental sulfur (SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>: 89.1mgL<SUP>-1</SUP>) was lower as compared to thiosulfate (SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>: 38.3mgL<SUP>-1</SUP>). Because the sulfate production is an important factor to meet acceptable drinking water quality discharge standard (Sulfate concentration in the effluent was below 250 in US EPA, and 200mgL<SUP>-1</SUP> in South Korea), elemental sulfur was a more suitable sulfur source in HF-HF hybrid CWs. Overall, a combined process of using E/L/B (element sulfur/limestone/immobilized bead with T. denitrificans) column in HF-HF hybrid CWs would promote autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification. Therefore, a combined autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification process in HF-HF CWs would be more suitable than the heterotrophic denitrification alone (conventional technology in CWs) for treating nitrate in hydroponic wastewater since hydroponic wastewater contains little organic carbon.
박종환,옥용식,김성헌,강세원,조주식,허종수,Ronald D. Delaune,서동철 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.5
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochar characteristics derived from fruit tree pruning wastes (FTPW) and their effects on lead (Pb) adsorption. Based on results from Pb adsorption, surface area, and phosphorus content, the optimum pyrolysis temperature was 600 C for Pb adsorption capacity. Using the Freundlich isotherm, the Pb adsorption capacity (K) of biochar obtained from various FTPW decreased in the order of pear (3.8001) persimmon (2.3977) C apple (2.1968). Based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the maximum Pb adsorption capacities (a; mg g-1) of biochar obtained from different FTPW were in the following order: pear (26.2) persimmon (19.9) C apple (17.7). The maximum Pb adsorption capacity of the pruned pear tree waste biochar was greater than the other FTPW biochars. Pruned apple tree waste biochar had the lowest Pb adsorption capacity among the tested FTPW biochars. The positive correlation between the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (LM) values of the biochars and their phosphorus content and surface area indicated difference in adsorption capacity. However, adsorption capacity of the biochar from all FTPW studied could be used for removing Pb and other metal from wastewater.
박종환,Jim J. Wang,Negar Tafti,Ronald D. Delaune 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.71 No.-
A new heterogeneous Fenton catalyst, Fe-impregnated biochar catalyst (Fe-BC) was synthesized andevaluated in detail for its catalytic activity with sulfate radical under various conditions. The optimumconditions for the removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) by Fe-BC were determined as 0.27 g/L K2S2O8 (PS)and 0.5 g/L Fe-BC for 0.1 g/L EBT, and which resulted 85–88% removal efficiency within 2 h. The effectiveoxidation of EBT was observed over a pH range of 2–4 and temperature of 25–45 C and maintained EBTremoval efficiency of 77.6–92.7%. Under optimum conditions, the catalytic activity was faster in the orderof PS > PS + HP > H2O2 (HP) >>Fe-BC (without oxidants). The catalytic activity of Fe-BC for EBT can beidentified in two stages, which occur rapidly within 30 min (1st stage) and followed by slow oxidationuntil 120 min (2nd stage). Catalytic activity by sulfate radical was also dominantly influenced by otherpollutant such as iodide, phosphate and humic acid. Overall, the sulfate radical generated from Fe-BC/PSwas found more economical with strong oxidation efficiency for use in Fenton-like reaction for treatingorganic pollutants compared with conventional Fenton reaction with H2O2.
Accumulation and Toxicity of Germanium in Cucumber under Different Types of Germaniums
Choi, Ik Won,Seo, Dong Cheol,Han, Myung Ja,DeLaune, R. D.,Ok, Yong Sik,Jeon, Weon Tai,Lim, Byung Jin,Cheong, Yong Hwa,Kang, Hang Won,Cho, Ju Sik Taylor Francis 2013 Communications in soil science and plant analysis Vol.44 No.20