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Yadav, Deepak,Anwar, Mohammad Faiyaz,Garg, Veena,Kardam, Hemant,Beg, Mohd Nadeem,Suri, Suruchi,Gaur, Sikha,Asif, Mohd Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5
Paclitaxel is hydrophobic in nature and is recognized as a highly toxic anticancer drug, showing adverse effects in normal body sites. In this study, we developed a polymeric nano drug carrier for safe delivery of the paclitaxel to the cancer that releases the drug in a sustained manner and reduces side effects. N-isopropylacrylamide/vinyl pyrrolidone (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles were synthesized by radical polymerization. Physicochemical characterization of the polymeric nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, which confirmedpolymerization of formulated nanoparticles. Drug release was assessed using a spectrophotometer and cell viability assays were carried out on the MCF-7 breast cancer and B16F0 skin cancer cell lines. NIPAAm/VP nanoparticles demonstrated a size distribution in the 65-108 nm range and surface charge measured -15.4 mV. SEM showed the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with a slow drug release of ~70% in PBS at $38^{\circ}C$ over 96 h. Drug loaded nanoparticles were associated with increased viability of MCF-7 and B16F0 cells in comparison to free paclitaxel. Nano loaded paclitaxel shows high therapeutic efficiency by sustained release action for the longer period of time, i increasing its efficacy and biocompatibility for human cancer therapy. Therefore, paclitaxel loaded (NIPAAm/VP) nanoparticles may provide opportunities to expand delivery of the drug for clinical selection.
Pooja Rawat Mathur,Neena Jain,Aji Kumar,Beena Thada,Veena Mathur,Deepak Garg 대한마취통증의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.71 No.2
Background: The preferred management strategy for difficult airways is awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided intubation, which requires effective airway anesthesia to ensure patient comfort and acceptance. This randomized single-blind prospective study was conducted to compare lignocaine nebulization and airway nerve block for airway anesthesia prior to awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided intubation. Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for surgical procedures under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups. Group N received jet nebulization (10 ml of 4% lignocaine) and Group B received bilateral superior laryngeal and transtracheal recurrent laryngeal nerve blocks (each with 2 ml of 2% lignocaine) followed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy- guided nasotracheal intubation. All patients received procedural sedation with dexmedetomidine. The intubation time, intubating conditions, vocal cord position, cough severity, and degree of patient satisfaction were recorded. Student’s t test was used to analyze parametric data, while the Mann-Whitney U test was applied to non-parametric data and Fisher’s test to categorical data. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The time taken for intubation was significantly shorter in Group B [115.2 (14.7) s compared with Group N [214.0 (22.2) s] (P = 0.029). The intubating conditions and degree of patient comfort were better in Group B compared with Group N. Although all patients were successfully intubated, patient satisfaction was higher in Group B. Conclusions: Airway nerve blocks are preferable to lignocaine nebulization as they provide superior-quality airway anesthesia. However, nebulization may be a suitable alternative when a nerve block is not feasible.
P. Sarat Chandra,Jitin Bajaj,Pankaj Kumar Singh,Kanwaljeet Garg,Deepak Agarwal 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2
Objective: The technique of distraction, compression, extension, and reduction (DCER) is effective to reduce, realign, and relieve cranio-spinal compression through posterior only approach. Methods: Study included all patients with atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination (BI) with occipitalized C1 arch. Study techniques included Nurick grading, computed tomography scan to study atlanto-dental interval, BI, hyper-lordosis, and neck tilt. Sagittal inclination (SI), coronal inclination (CI), cranio-cervical tilt, presence of pseudo-joints, and anomalous vertebral artery were also noted. Patients underwent DCER with/without joint remodeling or extra-articular distraction (EAD) based on the SI being <100°, 100°–160°, or >160° respectively. In cases with pseudo-joints, joint remodeling was performed in type I and EAD in type II. Customized ‘bullet shaped’ PSC spacers (n=124) and prototype of the universal craniovertebral junction reducer (UCVJR, n=36) were useful. Results: A total of 148 patients with average age 27.25±17.43 years, ranging from 3 to 71 years (87 males) were operated. Nurick’s grading improved from 3.14±1.872 to 1.22±1.17 (p<0.0001). Fifty-two percent of total joints (n=154/296 joints) were either type I (19%)/type II (33%) pseudo-j oints. All traditional indices such as Chamberlein line, McRae line, atlanto-dental interval, and Ranawat line improved (p<at least 0.001). BI, SI, and CI values correlated with type of pseudo-joints (p<0.0001). Side of neck tilt correlated with the type of pseudo-joint (p<0.0001). Cervical hyperlordosis improved significantly (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Occipito-C2 pseudo-joints are important in determining the severity of BI. Asymmetrical pseudo-joint causes coronal/neck tilt. Type of pseudo-joint can strategize by DCER. Customized instruments and implants make technique safe, effective and easier.