Effects of Dietary Turmeric on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Pigs

문다예 忠南大學校 大學院 2019 국내석사

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary turmeric on growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, digestibility, blood profiles, and gut microbiota of weaned pigs. A total of 12 weaned pigs (7.11 ± 0.89 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (1 pig/replicate; 6 replicates/treatment) in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 0.02% dietary turmeric (TUR). Pigs were fed their respective dietary treatments for 42 days. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 36 to 42 after weaning. Fecal samples were collected from all pigs daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Blood was collected from all pigs on d 0, 7, and 14 after weaning. Measurements were growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, digestibility, blood profiles, and gut microbiota. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. There were no significant differences on growth performance and blood profiles between CON and TUR. Also, no differences were found on digestibility of dry matter and frequency of diarrhea. The abundance of Firmicutes at the level of phylum significantly decreased in TUR (53.00 vs. 63.09; P < 0.05) compared with CON on 42 d. In genus level, increase in Parabacteroides of TUR (0.17% to 1.77%) was larger than that of CON (0.36% to 0.46%) during experimental period. Similarly, TUR treatment increased much more family Ruminococcaceae (10.57% to 19.88%) during 42 d compared with CON (15.43% to 16.49%). In conclusion, addition of 0.02% dietary turmeric in nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal had no remarkable influence on growth performance but has slight change of gut microbiota of weaned pigs

Intake of iron through groundwater and iron status of women in rural Bangladesh

Merrill, Rebecca Day The Johns Hopkins University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Background. Groundwater has long provided domestic water needs in Bangladesh. This water source is known to have elevated and variable dissolved iron. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the influence of iron consumed through groundwater on iron status of women in rural Bangladesh and to investigate the epidemiology of anemia under conditions of apparent iron sufficiency with a focus on the possible roles of nutritional status, thalassemia, and groundwater arsenic. Methods. Subjects for this study were 321 women who participated 2 to 5 years earlier in a vitamin A supplementation field trial. Women were visited during two seasons in 2008 to collect information on groundwater use from local tubewells, 7-day dietary intakes, including rice consumption in the previous 24 hours, and recent morbidity. Anthropometric status (height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds) was measured in round 1. Blood was collected in round 2 to assess iron (hemoglobin (Hb), plasma ferritin, and transferrin receptor), infection (C-reactive protein >5.0 mg/L), and thalassemia (beta thalassemia, Hb E) status. Water from all tubewells was analyzed in the field in both rounds for iron and arsenic concentration, pH, temperature, and oxidation reduction potential. Results. Iron deficiency (ferritin < 12 microg/L) was nonexistent (0%) although anemia (Hb < 120 g/L in non-pregnant women) was common (57%). Groundwater iron was elevated (median (IQR) mg/L: 16.7 (7.2, 28.3)) contributing a median (IQR) daily iron intake of 41.6 (16.1, 71.4) mg/day. For every 10 mg/day increase in iron intake through water, plasma ferritin increased 6% (3%, 8%) in adjusted analyses. Thalassemia (27% prevalent) was associated with 2.54 (95% CI: 1.28, 5.08, p<0.01) higher odds of anemia in adjusted analyses but was unassociated with iron status (p=0.35). Low body mass index (< 18.5 kg/m2) and parity (≥2 offspring vs 1) were associated with increased odds of anemia (odds ratio (95% CI): 1.98 (1.09, 3.61), 2.64 (1.22, 5.73), respectively). Conclusion. Groundwater provides a currently underappreciated dietary source of iron; the consumption of which may improve human iron status. Iron intake through groundwater should be included in dietary assessments in environments where it is used for drinking purposes.

Engineering an Immuno-Isolating Hydrogel-Based Capsule to Restore Ovarian Endocrine Function

Day, James ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Cancer patient survivorship has increased substantially over the past few decades due to advances in anticancer treatments. However, a deleterious effect of these lifesaving treatments is premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), as they are gonadotoxic. POI leads to infertility and loss of ovarian endocrine function, which is particularly devastating for female cancer survivors who experience POI prior to puberty, because puberty is an important developmental in a female’s life. Lack of ovarian endocrine function and absence of puberty leads to long-term co-morbidities such as poor bone health, diminished metabolic turnover, and high risk of cardiovascular events. Current treatment options such as hormone replacement therapy and ovarian auto-transplantation are associated with non-physiological delivery of hormones and risk of re-implanting cancerous cells. We hypothesized that allo-transplantation of encapsulated and immuno-isolated donor ovarian tissue restores ovarian endocrine function without evoking an immune response. This thesis describes how we tested the concept of immuno-isolation to protect encapsulated allogeneic ovarian tissue in murine and non-human primate models. First, we developed a dual capsule made with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) contained a proteolytically degradable core which was conducive for the dynamic growth of ovarian tissue and a non-degradable PEG shell that would serve as the immuno-protective barrier. We demonstrated in an ovariectomized syngeneic murine model that ovarian tissue encapsulated in Dual PEG survived and functioned until it was removed 60 days post-implantation. The serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone significantly decreased from 64 ng/mL in ovariectomized mice to 34 ng/mL in mice that received implants. Multiple follicles with healthy morphology were present in the grafts retrieved after 60 days of implantation. Next, allogeneic ovarian tissue encapsulated in Dual PEG and implanted in recipient mice did not evoke detectable production of allo-specific antibodies, while non-encapsulated controls resulted in a 23-fold increase compared to pre-implantation levels; the capsule proved to be immuno-isolating and protected the encapsulated allograft from the outside immune environment and led to ovarian endocrine restoration. We demonstrated that the Dual PEG capsule prevented cellular infiltration and also retained cells encapsulated within. We then investigated the question whether the immuno-isolating capsule could be utilized towards auto-transplantation ovarian tissue from leukemia patients through retention of cancerous cells present in the graft and prevent cancer spreading and metastasis. Encapsulation of 1,000 4T1 cancer cells prevented proliferation, migration and metastasis to other organs through 28 days transplantation, while control mice had to be euthanized because of the spread disease. We then demonstrated encapsulation of ovarian allografts in Dual PEG precludes sensitization of the host immune system which confirms the capsule is immuno-isolating and the host immune system is not exposed to allo-antigens while the graft is encapsulated, possibly allowing multiple implantations of the capsule. Lastly, we demonstrated that non-human primate (NHP) ovarian tissue can develop in the Dual PEG capsule restoring estradiol and progesterone levels to 50 and 70 pg/mg creatine, respectively. Additionally, the encapsulated tissue was protected from an immune response as indicated by the lack of active, dividing T cells in a syngeneic and allogeneic NHP model. We show the capsule can withstand the multi-fold volumetric expansion of NHP follicles, protecting the encapsulated allograft, which promotes graft survival and ovarian endocrine restoration. Taken together, this dissertation works towards allowing the implantation of allogeneic ovarian tissue to restore ovarian endocrine function in a physiological manner without the risk of immune rejection.

Supporting inclusion of young children with disabilities in community settings

Day, Monimalika University of Maryland College Park 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The purpose of this study was to support families in their endeavor to include young children with disabilities in various community programs. The participants were five families, whose children were between the ages of two and five, and who received early intervention or special education services from a school district. Participatory action research (PAR) was used to investigate and respond to the problem of including children in community programs. interviews, participant observations, and focus group discussions were the primary methods of data collection. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data and develop the grounded theory. My efforts to support inclusion in the community resulted in mixed outcomes. Thematic analysis of the data revealed the underlying cause for the variation in outcomes. The data suggests that it is necessary to comprehend parents' holistic view of their children to understand their views and actions related to inclusion. Inclusion was one of the many issues for the parents. They believed that their children needed special education services in an inclusive environment to facilitate their optimum development. Parents' view of an “ideal” learning environment was related to their holistic view of their children. My initial research agenda was to study inclusion in programs outside the school system. However, it became increasingly apparent to me that parents viewed school as a primary site for inclusion. Therefore, I changed the focus of my research to incorporate parents' view of inclusion in the community. School was a primary concern for parents due to shortage of services, and lack of opportunities for inclusion. In the absence of a program that matched their view of an ideal learning environment, parents supplemented the services they received from the school system with services from other programs in the county. They sought additional special education services from hospitals and development clinics. They also enrolled their children in day care programs to give them opportunities to learn and socialize with their peers. From parents' perspective, next to schools, day care programs were important sites for inclusion in the community. Parents advocated for higher intensity services and inclusion at the same time. They resented professionals who focused on the special needs of the children and did not acknowledge other characteristics of the children. Parents advocated when they felt that the professionals were depriving the children of services or of opportunities to interact with typical peers. Thus, in order to promote inclusion in a manner that is consistent with the values of the families, it became necessary for me to revise my initial focus on the social aspect of children's lives and respond to parents' holistic view of their children.

One island, two worlds a Case study of Haiti and the Dominican Republic

Day, Nacha E. Johanne 서울대학교 국제대학원 2013 국내석사

This paper examines the contrasting faces of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, two countries who despite being located on the same island territory in the Caribbean and sharing a number of historical and political similarities, still showcase drastically different stages of development. This thesis will attempt to explain the reasons behind such a disparity by reviewing the socio-political and economic factors responsible for the huge gap between the two countries. This research will take a particular interest in studying the development of the tourism industry in both nations to illustrate the direct impact of those named factors at a sectorial level. Though Haitian tourism flourished in the 60’s and 70’s, it has since declined while tourism in the Dominican Republic has risen as of the 1980’s. This country is now a formidable contender in the region both as a touristic destination and as a rapidly developing economy. This thesis will show that the similarities between Haiti and the Dominican Republic are only superficial and that deep-rooted macroeconomic issues affect the development path of each of nation. Thus by better understanding the rationale for one country’s success against the other’s decline, this paper wishes to offer the groundwork for policy actions towards the greater development of the Haitian touristic industry.

New approaches in stylistic analysis : the late polychrome period ceramics form hacienda tempisque, guanacaste province, costa rica

Day, Jane Stevenson UMI 1988 국내박사

Sausage Oscillations in a Plasma Cylinder and Forecasting of Major Solar Flares

임다예 경희대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

본 학위 논문에서는 면전류를 가진 플라즈마 실린더의 소시지 진동과 자기장 인자 및 활동성 영역의 태양 플레어 과거 자료을 이용한 플레어 예측을 연구하였다. 먼저, 실린더 표면의 전류에 의해 생성된 방위각 자기장을 갖는 플라즈마로 둘러싸여있는 실린더의 선형 소시지 진동을 연구하였다. 이러한 플라즈마 구조는 플레어가 발생하는 루프 및 코로나물질방출의 자기 루프 모델에 적용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서 자기 압력에 비하여 플라즈마 압력의 효과는 없는 것으로 가정하였다. 우리는 분산 관계식으로부터 모든 종파 방향의 파수에 대해 소시지 모드의 가장 낮은 방사상 하모닉 진동이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 긴 파장의 경우, 이 모드의 위상 및 그룹 속도는 바깥쪽에서의 Alfvén 속도와 같다. 이것을 통해 진동의 주기가 지진학적 추정이 가능한 종파 방향의 파장(즉 진동하는 루프의 길이의 2배)과 바깥쪽 Alfvén 속도의 비로 결정됨을 알 수 있다. 태양 코로나 구조에서 관측된 방출 세기에서 긴 주기를 갖는 진동의 경우에 본 모델을 적용해 보면, 외부의 Alfvén 속도가 일반적으로 코로나의 Alfvén 속도라고 알려진 값과 비슷한 값을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구는 또한 높은 방사상 하모닉의 종파 방향의 파수의 임계 값을 해석학적으로 결정하였다. 우리는 불균일한 플라즈마 실린더에 의해 유도된 빠른 자기음향파 트레인의 관측을 본 모델의 관점에서 논의하였다. 두 번째로, 2010년 5월부터 2018년 4월까지 태양 광구의 자기적 인자와 과거 자료에 기초한 일일 플레어 발생률 사이의 경험적인 관계식을 기반으로 크기가 큰 플레어의 일일 발생 확률에 대한 예측 모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 SDO/HMI로부터 얻은 벡터 자기장의 크기, 분포, 포텐셜 자기장을 벗어난 정도를 나타내는 열 개의 자기장 인자들과 GOES X선 플레어 자료를 고려하였다. 자기적 인자들은 총 절대값, 총 인자 값의 절대값, 그리고 평균값을 나타내는 인자들로 분류될 수 있다. 우리는 전체 자료의 쌍을 연대순으로 훈련에 이용할 70%와 테스트에 이용할 30%로 나누었다. 자기 인자들과 플레어 발생률 사이의 경험적인 관계식은 어떤 자기장 인자 값이 주어졌을 때 플레어 발생 확률을 예측하는 데 이용되었다. 본 연구의 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 크기가 큰 플레어 발생률은 열 개의 자기장 인자들과 상관 관계가 0.85 이상으로 매우 높게 나타났다. 두 번째, 플레어 발생률의 로그 값은 자기 인자 로그 값의 선형 방정식으로 잘 근사되었다. 세 번째, 총 절대값과 총 인자 값의 절대값을 나타내는 인자들이 평균값을 나타내는 인자들보다 확률 예보 검증뿐만 아니라 발생 여부를 검증하는 관점에서도 플레어 예측 성능이 더 좋았다. 포텐셜 자기장으로부터 벗어난 정도의 총 양이 플레어 예보를 하는 데 있어서 가장 중요하다는 결론을 얻었다. 본 모델이 실제 운영되는 목적으로 사용할 때에는, 21:00 TAI의 데이터를 이용하여야 하고 약 2-6.3% 정도 낮게 측정하는 정확도를 가짐을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구는 활동성 영역의 단기, 중기 및 장기적인 특성을 고려한 플레어 예측을 하기 위해 앙상블 기법을 적용하였고 관련 기여도도 알아보았다. 이를 위해, SDO/HMI의 자기장 인자들과 GOES 위성의 플레어 목록을 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는, 단기(하루), 중기(수일) 및 장기(수년) 기간 동안의 플레어 발생률을 동시에 고려하였다. 이 모델을 통한 예측되는 발생률은 각각의 웨이트의 합이 1이 되는 세 인자들의 조합으로서 주어진다. 본 모델의 예측 성능과 그것을 제공하는 각 인자들의 웨이트를 조사하기 위해 Brier skill score(BSS)를 계산하였다. 장기적인 인자만 사용한 모델의 BSS는 0.22인데 이것은 각각 단기적 인자, 중기적 인자만 고려한 경우보다 더 높은 값이다. 단기, 중기적 인자가 추가적으로 고려될 때, BSS는 각각 0.28과 0.24로 증가하였다. 본 모델은 세 인자가 모두 사용되었을 경우 가장 좋은 성능을 보여주었으며 그 때의 각 인자의 기여도는 각각 20%, 20%, 60%로 나타났다. 게다가 세 인자를 모두 고려한 모델은 강한 활동성 영역의 플레어 발생을 예측하는데 더 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 에너지 저장 및 방출 과정의 관점에서 보면, 장기적인 자기장 특성은 저장된 자기 자유 에너지의 양을 나타낼 수 있는 반면, 단기, 중기적인 플레어 발생률은 에너지 방출 과정의 최근의 경향을 반영할 수 있다. 본 결과는 기존의 장기적인 특성만 사용한 다른 플레어 예보 모델들이 단기, 중기적 특성을 추가로 고려한다면 그것들의 성능이 좋아질 수 있다 것을 의미한다. In this thesis, we have studied sausage oscillations in a plasma cylinder with a surface current and predictions of major solar flares using magnetic parameters and flaring history of active regions (ARs). Firstly, linear sausage oscillations of a cylinder embedded in a plasma with an azimuthal magnetic field, created by a current on the surface of the cylinder, are studied. Such a plasma configuration could be applied to modeling flaring loops, and magnetic ropes in coronal mass ejections. The plasma is assumed to be cold everywhere. Dispersion relations demonstrate that the lowest radial harmonic of the sausage mode is in the trapped regime for all values of the parallel wavenumber. In the long-wavelength limit, phase and group speeds of this mode are equal to the Alfvén speed in the external medium. It makes the oscillation period to be determined by the ratio of the parallel wavelength, e.g., double the length of an oscillating loop, to the external Alfvén speed, allowing for its seismological estimations. The application of the results obtained to the interpretation of long-period (longer than a minute) oscillations of emission intensity detected in solar coronal structures, gives reasonable estimations of the external Alfvén speed. Cutoff values of the parallel wavenumber for higher radial harmonics are determined analytically. Implications of this finding to the observational signatures of fast magnetoacoustic wave trains guided by cylindrical plasma non-uniformities are discussed. Secondly, we develop forecast models of daily probabilities of major flares (M- and X-class) based on empirical relationships between photospheric magnetic parameters and daily flaring rates from May 2010 to April 2018. In this study, we consider ten magnetic parameters characterizing the size, distribution, and non-potentiality of vector magnetic fields from Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) X-ray flare data. The magnetic parameters are classified into three types: the total unsigned parameters, the total signed parameters, and the mean parameters. We divide the data into two sets chronologically: 70% for training and 30% for testing. The empirical relationships between the parameters and flaring rates are used to predict flare occurrence probabilities for a given magnetic parameter value. The major results of this study are as follows. First, major flare occurrence rates are well correlated with ten parameters having correlation coefficients above 0.85. Second, logarithmic values of flaring rates are well approximated by linear equations. Third, using the total unsigned and the signed parameters achieved better performance for predicting flares than the mean parameters in terms of verification measures of probabilistic and converted binary forecasts. We conclude that the total quantity of non-potentiality of magnetic fields is crucial for flare forecasting among the magnetic parameters considered in this study. When this model is applied for operational use, it can be used using the data of 21:00 TAI with a slight underestimation of 2-6.3%. Lastly, we apply an ensemble technique for major flare prediction by considering short-, mid-, and long-term active region (AR) properties and their relative contributions. For this, we consider magnetic parameters from SDO/HMI and flare lists from GOES. In this study, we simultaneously consider flaring rates during short- (1 day), mid- (several days), and long-term (several years) time-frames. In our model, the predicted rate is given by a weighted combination of the three rates such that their sum of weights is 1. We calculated the Brier skill scores (BSSs) for investigating prediction performance and weights of these three terms to provide optimal results. The BSS (0.22) of the model with only long-term property is higher than that with only short-term (0.07) or mid-term (0.08) properties. When short-/mid-term is additionally considered, the BSS is improved to 0.28/0.24. Our model has the best performance (BSS=0.29) when all terms are considered, and their relative contributions of the short-, mid-, and long-term rates are 20%, 20%, and 60%, respectively. In addition, the model with three terms is more effective at predicting major flares in strong ARs. In view of the energy storage and release process, long-term magnetic properties may indicate the storage of magnetic free energy, while short- and mid-term flare history may reflect a recent trend of energy release process. Our results suggest that the performances of other existing flare models based on long-term properties should be improved by considering short- and/or mid-term flare history.

MANUSCRIPT PRODUCTION IN FIFTEENTH-CENTURY POITIERS (FIFTEENTH CENTURY, FRANCE, ILLUMINATION)

DAY, VERONIQUE PEYRAT Northwestern University 1993 국내박사

Computer simulation model of insurance processing in the underwriting department of a property/casualty insurance company

Day, Dennis James University of Iowa 1980 국내박사

The function of post-pentecost dream/vision reports in Acts

Day, Michael James The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary 국내석사