Application-aware on-chip networks

Das, Reetuparna The Pennsylvania State University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Multi-hop packet-based Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures are widely viewed as the de facto solution for integrating the nodes in many-core architecture for their scalability and well-controlled and highly predictable electrical properties. The Network-on-Chip (NoC) has become an important research focus in recent years because the network plays a critical role in determining the performance and power behavior of a many-core architectures. Most of the innovative solutions proposed for NoC research problems focus on independently optimizing the NoC without exploiting characteristics of applications or software stack. This thesis offers a unique perspective of designing high-performance, scalable and energy efficient NoC's by utilizing application characteristics. In this thesis, I show that we can design much superior on-chip networks if we understand application behavior and customize on-chip networks for them. I propose application-aware approaches for packet scheduling in on-chip networks, application communication locality aware hierarchical topologies for NoCs, and data compression techniques which exploit value locality inherent in application data traffic. The first contribution of this thesis is to devise application-aware packet scheduling policies for NoCs. The NoCs are likely to become a critical shared resource in future many-core processors. The challenge is to develop policies and mechanisms that enable multiple applications to efficiently and fairly share the network, to improve system performance. A key component of a router that can influence application-level performance and fairness is the arbitration/scheduling unit. Existing polices for arbitration and packet scheduling in NoCs are local and application oblivious. However, we observe that different application characteristics can lead to differential criticality of packets: some packets will be more important to processor execution time than other packets. This novel insight enables us to design packet scheduling polices to provide high performance in on-chip networks. First, I propose a coordinated application-aware prioritization substrate. The idea is to divide processor execution time into phases, rank applications based on the criticality of network on each applications performance (or based on system-level application priorities) within a phase, and have all routers in the network prioritize packets based on their applications ranks in a coordinated fashion. Our scheme includes techniques that ensure starvation freedom and enable the enforcement of system-level application priorities, resulting in a configurable substrate that enables application-aware prioritization in on-chip networks. Next, I propose a new architecture Aergia, to exploit slack in packet latency. In this thesis, we define slack as a key measure that characterizes the relative importance of a packet. Specifically, the slack of a packet is the number of cycles the packet can be delayed in the network with no effect on execution time. We propose new router prioritization policies that exploit the available slack of interfering packets in order to accelerate performance-critical packets and thus improve overall system performance. When two packets interfere with each other in a router, the packet with the lower slack value is prioritized. I describe mechanisms to estimate slack, prevent starvation, and combine slack-based prioritization with the application-aware prioritization mechanisms proposed above. The second contribution of this thesis is application-aware hierarchical topologies. This proposal leverages the insight that applications mapped on a large CMP system will benefit from clustered communication, where data is placed in cache banks closer to the cores accessing it. Thus, we design a hierarchical network topology that takes advantage of such communication locality. The two-tier hierarchical topology consists of local networks that are connected via a global network. The local network is a simple, high-bandwidth, low-power shared bus fabric, and the global network is a low-radix mesh. Since most communication in CMP applications can be limited to the local network, using a fast, low-power bus to handle local communication will improve both network latency and power-efficiency. The final contribution of this thesis is data compression techniques for on-chip networks. In this context, we examine two different configurations that explore combinations of storage and communication compression: (1) Cache Compression (CC) and (2) Compression in the NIC (NC). We also address techniques to hide the decompression latency by overlapping it with communication latency. We comprehensively characterize and quantify in detail the effect of data compression on NoCs. The attractive benefits seen from our evaluations make a strong case for utilizing compression for optimizing the performance and power envelope of NoC architectures. I also take advantage of compressibility of application data traffic to improve the throughput via novel router microarchitecture, called XShare. The XShare architecture utilizes data value locality and bimodal traffic characteristics of CMP applications to transfer multiple small flits over a single channel.

Das Damodartal : Beitra@ge zu einer Landeskunde

Das, Anita [s. n.] 1965 국내박사

A Study of new IMV circuit using pressure feedback and energy saving

Debdatta, Das 울산대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Fluid power technology is widely used in industal porpose for its high power to size ratio. They are used in a large scale in excavation, construction and agriculture systems. However, its energy efficiency became a big concern in the recent years. As a result, a noticeable progress is seen to improve fluid power energy efficiency from many aspects. This thesis mainly focuses on hydraulic actuation system. In recent research on hydraulic system is mainly focusing on energy saving because the efficiency of the hydraulic system is very low even though it has large power to size ratio. In mobile hydraulic equipment, conventional hydraulic spool valves with pressure compensator are already replaced by valve assemblies with four valve independent metering with electronically controlled pressure compensation. The independent metering concept and microprocessor control have a huge potential of saving more energy than the conventional proportional valve control because of the increased controllability of the system. The primary focus of this study to reduce the number of independent metering valve (IMV) by introducing one directional control valve. This new model offers two degrees of freedom i.e. controlling velocity and pressures same as conventional IMV. In the system described here, two of the three independent valves are active during metering. The theory behind a new method of flow control based upon pressure feedback is presented for two of the five distinct metering modes and the performance is investigated with respect to conventional IMV configuration. Later on, details mathematical modeling for each working mode is developed. After that, Simulation has been done to invistagete the system performance in comparison with CIMV configuration. Simulation results show that the performance is much better than the conventional IMV system and can save more energy.

Die integrierte Umweltverwaltung in der Europäischen Union

Latour, André M Nomos 2013 해외석사

Mission Strategy for India Unreached Tribe ‘West Bengal Dalit centered’

DAS PRAKASH 총신대학교 일반대학원 2019 국내석사

The Hindu fundamentalists claimed that India belongs to the Hindus and Hinduism is the only religion for Indians. The other religions are foreign elements, therefore should be eliminated from the soil of India. Anti-conversion laws have been passed in the seven states of India. The most effected areas are where anti-conversion law are in forced. The debates on this law have been going on till today. The study about Dalits people which call untouchable and out of other four castes. The word dalit is a vernacular form of the Sanskrit (dalita). In Classical Sanskrit, this means "divided, split, broken, scattered". This word was repurposed in 19th-century Sanskrit to mean "(a person) not belonging to one of the four Brahminic castes". It was perhaps first used in this sense by Pune-based social reformer Jyotirao Phule, in the context of the oppression faced by the erstwhile "untouchable" castes from other Hindus. The Dalits not belonging to any caste but totally controled and leading by Hindu community. The Dalit tribe is a broken tribe and no other castes of community think about it. Even the Dalit tribe not allowed to worship hindu god inside of temple with other caste. They have their own community which uses all the puja (worship god) and festivals inside of only their community. My study and strategy are for the Mission field is Dalit people which forgotten from Indian communities and living a life under a bondage with many disputes. This Dalit also has called by Jesus Christ and Jesus dies for them as well. In book of Luke Jesus says, “good news to the poor, freedom for prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, and to release of the oppressed. Dalits don’t have respectful life inside of Hindu community but Jesus is looking for them waiting for them. Dalit is mostly used to describe communities that have been subjected to untouchability. Such people were excluded from the four-fold varna system of Hinduism and thought of themselves as forming a fifth varna, describing themselves as Panchama. Dalits have had lowest social status in the traditional Hindu social structure but James Lochtefeld, a professor of religion and Asian studies, said in 2002 that the "adoption and popularization of [the term Dalit] reflects their growing awareness of the situation, and their greater assertiveness in demanding their legal and constitutional rights". In the past, they were believed to be so impure that caste Hindus considered their presence to be polluting. The impure status was related to their historic hereditary occupations that Hindus considered to be "polluting" or debased, such as working with leather, working with night soil and other dirty work. The Hindu fundamentalists claimed that India belongs to the Hindus and Hinduism is the only religion for Indians. The other religions are foreign elements, therefore should be eliminated from the soil of India. Anti-conversion laws have been passed in the seven states of India. The most effected areas are where anti-conversion law are in forced. The debates on this law have been going on till today. The study about Dalits people which call untouchable and out of other four castes. The word dalit is a vernacular form of the Sanskrit (dalita). In Classical Sanskrit, this means "divided, split, broken, scattered". This word was repurposed in 19th-century Sanskrit to mean "(a person) not belonging to one of the four Brahminic castes". It was perhaps first used in this sense by Pune-based social reformer Jyotirao Phule, in the context of the oppression faced by the erstwhile "untouchable" castes from other Hindus. The Dalits not belonging to any caste but totally controled and leading by Hindu community. The Dalit tribe is a broken tribe and no other castes of community think about it. Even the Dalit tribe not allowed to worship hindu god inside of temple with other caste. They have their own community which uses all the puja (worship god) and festivals inside of only their community. My study and strategy are for the Mission field is Dalit people which forgotten from Indian communities and living a life under a bondage with many disputes. This Dalit also has called by Jesus Christ and Jesus dies for them as well. In book of Luke Jesus says, “good news to the poor, freedom for prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, and to release of the oppressed. Dalits don’t have respectful life inside of Hindu community but Jesus is looking for them waiting for them. Dalit is mostly used to describe communities that have been subjected to untouchability. Such people were excluded from the four-fold varna system of Hinduism and thought of themselves as forming a fifth varna, describing themselves as Panchama. Dalits have had lowest social status in the traditional Hindu social structure but James Lochtefeld, a professor of religion and Asian studies, said in 2002 that the "adoption and popularization of [the term Dalit] reflects their growing awareness of the situation, and their greater assertiveness in demanding their legal and constitutional rights". In the past, they were believed to be so impure that caste Hindus considered their presence to be polluting. The impure status was related to their historic hereditary occupations that Hindus considered to be "polluting" or debased, such as working with leather, working with night soil and other dirty work.

(A) fuzzy multiple criteria decision making for bid/no-bid of offshore EPC projects

Das, Prabir 서울대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

Bid/no Bid decision making is considerably difficult for the contractor to make a proper decision, because it is always a very complex field. In recent years, it has become a subject to which the contractors pay great attention because the construction market is being more and more competitive day by day. Moreover, an organization’s capabilities in the management of proposals or bids can have a direct and major impact on its success. In general, Bid/no-Bid decisions are made through a detailed review of the project where the project is reviewed in basis of some pre-selected criteria. The criteria are determined based on organizations past experiences prior to the decision making process. The result of a project review is highly influenced by the proper selection of criteria. Thus, using the same criteria forch all kinds of project is not feasible. For a realistic output, the criteria should be chose under supervision of highly experienced professional and they should reflect the characteristics of the corresponding project. Unlike other EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) projects, offshore projects have some unique characteristics and they are different from conventional EPC project in various ways especially in engineering & construction phase as well as in bidding phase. Unill now no research has been conducted to derive the criteria for Bid/no-Bid decision making for offshore EPC projects. In this research, unique characteristics of offshore project has been considered and the criteria have been derived using Delphi technique for Bid/no-Bid review in offshore EPC projects. As an illustration, a practical example of evaluating a Bid opportunity of an offshore EPC project is cited, which shows this method can provide the stakeholders a convincing and reliable output for the contractors. This paper will benefit anyone hoping to deal with bidding of offshore EPC projects 적절한 Bid/no-Bid 결정을 내리는 것이 매우 어렵기에 입찰 결정은 아주 복잡한 문제이다. 현재, 건설 산업에서 경쟁이 점점 심화된 가운데 Bid/no-Bid 결정은 각광을 받기 시작했다. 아울러 입찰 관리는 기업의 성공에 크게 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로, 프로젝트에 참여하기 전에, 미리 선정된 기준(Criteria)으로 해당 프로젝트를 상세히 분석하여 평가한다. 평가 기준을 적절히 정했느냐에 평가 결과가 달려 있다. 때문에 모든 프로젝트에 동일한 평가 기준이 적응되는 것이 적합하지 않다. 현실적인 결과에 도달하기 위해서 경험 있는 전문가에 의해 기준을 정해야 한다. 또한, 정해진 기준에 해당 프로젝트의 특성이 반영되어야 한다. 다른 EPC(Engineering, Procurement & Construction, 이하 EPC) 프로젝트와 달리 해양 프로젝트는 몇 가지 특성이 있다. 해양 EPC 프로젝트는 설계 및 시공 단계에서 일반 EPC 프로젝트와 많이 다르듯이 입찰 단계도 다르다. 지금까지 해양 EPC 프로젝트의 입찰 결정 기준을 대상으로 수행한 연구가 거의 없는 실증이다. 본 논문에서 해양 프로젝트의 특징과 독특성을 고려하게 되어 Delphi technique를 이용해서 해양 EPC 프로젝트의 입찰 결정 기준을 정하고 프로젝트를 평가하는 방법에 대해서 연구하였다. 또한 실제 Case study를 통해서 대형 해양 프로젝트에서 제안한 프로세스를 적용하여 검증 과정을 진행 하였다. 본 논문이 해양 EPC 프로젝트에 참여하고자 하는 업체에게 도움이 될 것이다.

Innovative approaches for bioactive metabolite-rich green tea extracts : metabolite profiling and bioactivities

Das, Protiva Rani Chonnam National University 2019 국내박사

A STUDY ON RIGHTEOUSNESS OF GOD THAT JUSTIFY BELIEVERS THROUGH FAITH IN JESUS CHRIST BASED ON ROMANS 3:21~26.

DAS, DEBABRATA KC UNIVERSITY 2018 국내석사

Employment of Generalized Receiver with Equalization in MIMO Systems : Employment of Generalized Receiver with Equalization in MIMO Systems

Das, Daina 경북대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

본 논문에는 레일라이 페이딩 (Rayleigh Fading) 채널 중에 이진 위상 편이 키잉 (Binary phase shift keying, BKSP) 변조하는 것을 공부하였으며, 다중 입력 다중 출력 (Multi Input Multi Output, MIMO) 무선통신 시스템에서 ZF, MMSE, ML 이퀄라니저를 이용하여 광의적 수신기 (Generalized Receiver)를 어떻게 응용하는지 연구한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 MIMO 무선통신 시스템에서 레일라이 채널에 기초하여 BPSK 변조를 사용하고 광의적 수신기와 NP 수신기의 성능을 비교한다. 관의적 수신기가 다른 전통적인 수신기보다 더 좋은 비트 틀림율 (Bit Error Rate, BER) 성능을 가지고 있다.

(A) new wet chemical self assembling approach to immobilize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on gold substrate

Das, Jayanti Seoul National Univ. 2012 국내석사

The advent of green chemistry in the last two decade has significantly altered the science and technology of materials. For example, silicon (Si) is known to be the key material for electronic devices such as television, mobile phones, computers, most of which have enriched the quality of life tremendously. However, Si does not interfere with nature, which mostly relies on oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and few other elements and radicals. Since the bench-mark discovery of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) by Iijima at 1991, it makes a milestone in Nano-Tech research field, which can replace Si and can lead to better electronic devices than those from Si, great excitement ensued [1]. Incidentally, carbon has another close companionship with silicon; it is just above Si in group IV B of elements in the periodic table. The scientists paid passable attention on the application of CNT because of its solitary structure, high mechanical strength, chiralitydependent conductivity etc. These unique properties of CNT make it a good aspirant for nanoelectronic devices, electron field emission sensors [2], scanning probes, chemical sensors [3], Nanotube actuators [4] and so on. Due to very high aspect ratio, tangled nature and lack of specific functionality, unmodified CNT has hardly little practical interest to researchers. Due to strong intertube Van der Waals interaction, CNTs are normally insoluble in many solvents. Therefore, strategic approaches toward the solubilization of CNTs by debundling are important for the application of CNTs. Modified CNTs with comparatively shorter length in the range of 2 μm, can act as molecular electronic devices which provide as connectors. Couple of intriguing researches have been reported [5-10] to organize randomly tangled CNTs into well arrayed patterned on gold surface by condensation agent, dicyclohexyl-carbadiimide (DCC) and surface active agent, N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF). Especially scientists are interested to develop wet chemical approach to immobilize SWNTs on solid surface, because successful patterned, well aligned short SWNT arrays can act as nanoelectrodes that can swap electrons between a conductive substrate and redox couple in solution [6]. Gooding et al. and willner and coworker [11] showed that immobilized SWNTs on gold electrode can be pay roll as nanowires, which allow electron communication between the underlying electrode and electro active proteins chemically bonded on SWNTs. Liu et al. reported the electrochemical behavior of AU/AUT/SWCNT electrodes using an electron transfer mechanism which encompass an electron tunneling process across the AUT (11-amino-n-undecanthiol) monolayer [8]. These studies insinuate that, immobilized SWNTs into conductive solid surfaces have substantial potential for electrochemical sensors, bioelectronics devices, solar cells, acoustic and optical sensors [12, 13]. In this study, I have reported an alternative strategy for immobilizingrandomly, comparatively shortened SWNTs on gold surface. Here, the carboxyl SWNTs are immobilized on thiol modified amino treated gold surface via wet chemical approach with the aid of linker N-(3- Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbidiimide hydrochloride (EDC HCL) and N-hydrosulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS). The performance of immobilization of SWCNT was evaluated by SEM, AFM, optical and Raman Spectroscopy. This approach enables the formation of SWCNT monolayer on gold substrate and turns the hydrophobic gold substrate into hydrophilic SWCNT patterned gold surface. A gold patterned surface on Silicon wafer has been fabricated by Photolithography technique to check the feasibility of immobilization on patterned surface. The main reason to come up with different approach is, to increase the efficiency of the process. The existing conventional method has several limitations including temperature effect, poor efficiency and health hazards. We believe that, properly patterned densely arrayed SWNTs on gold will be a potential candidate for capacitive sensor and bio-sensor field.