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Dietary Habits Contributing to Breast Cancer Risk Among Iranian Women
Mobarakeh, Zahra Sheikhi,Mirzaei, Khadijeh,Hatmi, Nadia,Ebrahimi, Mandana,Dabiran, Sohaila,Sotoudeh, Gity Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate demographic features, dietary habits, and some possible risk factors for being susceptible to breast cancer in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: A study of dietary habits and breast cancer was conducted among 53 Iranian women with histological confirmed disease and 40 matched controls. A dietary habits questionnaire was used to evaluate the pattern of selected food intakes. The risk of cancer was analyzed after adjustment for confounding factors. Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, educational status, parity, lactation, marital status, menopause, history of estrogen therapy, and family history of breast disease or cancer were assessed among participants. Special attention was given to the relationship between consumption of high fat meat, milk, yogurt and cheese as well use of frying oils for frying foods, use of olive/liquid oils for cooking, removing fat from meat and poultry, removing chicken skin and not use of mayonnaise as salad dressing and the risk of breast cancer. Moreover, salad, vegetable and fruit consumption, and eating outdoors owere investigated. Results: Our results revealed significant lower education and higher BMI and waist circumference levels in patients with breast cancer. There was significantly increased breast cancer risk in overweight women in comparison with normal weight (OR=2.91, 95%CI 1.24 to 6.82). High intake of fat dairy products including milk and cheese was found to be a statistically significant factor for increasing breast cancer risk in models adjusting for age, BMI and education. Use of olive/liquid oils for cooking and avoidance of mayonnaise as salad dressing are related to lower risk of breast cancer. The frequency of vegetable and fruit consumption was significantly lower in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy women. Conclusions: Dietary habits might be risk factors for breast cancer among Iranian women. Adoption of a prudent diet could be an appropriate strategy for preventing breast cancer.
Palash Das,Nripendra N. Halder,Rahul Kumar,Sanjay Kr. Jana,Sanjib Kabi,Boris Borisov,Amir Dabiran,Peter Chow,Dhrubes Biswas 대한금속·재료학회 2014 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.10 No.6
This paper presents an approach of compositional grading of the barrier in AlGaN/GaN quantum well heterostructure to achieve high two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) carrier concentration and mobility for RF power amplifier applications. Plasma assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (PAMBE) has been used to grow compositionally graded AlGaN/GaN and AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures. In-situ cathodoluminescence (CL) and ex-situ high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) along with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were used to study the compositions and thicknesses of grown heterostructures. Ohmic contact formation for all the samples were found to be challenging due to unusual surface behavior and thus addressed with three different metallization schemes. The graded AlGaN/GaN and AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures show 2DEG carrier concentrations of 2.0 × 1013 cm–2 and 2.3 × 1013 cm–2 with carrier mobility of 764 cm2v–1s–1 and 960 cm2v–1s–1, respectively at room temperature. A performance index has been proposed to correlate the obtained results with its suitability for particular RF applications.