최초판매이 론(上)

Richard Colby 한국저작권위원회 1994 계간 저작권 Vol.7 No.4

최초판매이론(下)

Richard Colby 한국저작권위원회 1995 계간 저작권 Vol.8 No.1

Ultimately, Japan Brought the Bomb on Itself

Elbridge Colby 동아시아재단 2015 Global Asia Vol.10 No.3

Adverse Events Associated With Synthetic Male Slings: An Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database

Hanson Zhao,Colby P. Souders,Paige K. Kuhlmann,Kai Dallas,Karyn Eilber,Jennifer T. Anger 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2021 International Neurourology Journal Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: We sought to describe and analyze the adverse events associated with synthetic male slings reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. Methods: We queried the MAUDE database for all entries including the terms “Male Sling,” “InVance,” “Virtue,” or “Advance” from January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2018. We collected and analyzed information about the event type, date received, report source, source type, and manufacturer. We reviewed and categorized the event description text for each medical device report (MDR). Results: A total of 497 adverse events related to the male sling were identified. The adverse events were classified as injury (95.4%), malfunction (4.2%), and other (0.4%). There were no deaths described. The slings involved were the Advance or Advance XP sling (69.8%), InVance (15.5%), Virtue Quadratic (12.3%), or unknown (2.4%). The 4 most common adverse events described were urinary incontinence (46.7%), sling erosion (9.1%), mechanical malfunction (8.2%), and pain/numbness (8.2%). There was no increase in the number of reports in the years following the FDA warnings for urogynecologic mesh. Conclusions: There was an overall modest number of MDRs related to male slings and the majority of them were reported by the manufacturer. The reporting of adverse events for male slings does not seem to be affected by the controversy and scrutiny towards transvaginal mesh and midurethral slings. Further clinical studies and more objective and detailed databases are needed to investigate the safety of these synthetic slings.

Beliefs, benefits, barriers, attitude, intake and knowledge about peanuts and tree nuts among WIC participants in eastern North Carolina

Pawlak, Roman,Colby, Sarah,Herring, Julia The Korean Nutrition Society 2009 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.2 No.2

The objective of this study was to assess beliefs (e.g. advantages, disadvantages, benefits, barriers) and knowledge about eating peanuts and tree nuts. Personal interviews based on the Theory of Planned Behavior were conducted to elicit beliefs about eating nuts. Then, a cross-sectional survey was administered to WIC participants from one county in North Carolina. One-hundred-twenty-four WIC participants (mean (SD) age=28.39 (8.09) completed the study. Most were Caucasian (51.6%) females (96%). About one third believed that eating nuts may help to lower cholesterol level. However, only about one forth believed that nuts can lower a risk of a heart attack or diabetes. More than one third believed that eating nuts will cause weight gain. The knowledge of respondents' about nutrient content of nuts was low with correct answers to most questions about 20% or below. The mean (SD) positive attitude, negative attitude, benefits and barriers scores, based on a range from 1 to 5, were 2.53 (0.91), 3.25 (0.89), 2.97 (0.85) and 2.90 (0.76), respectively. WIC participants' beliefs regarding the health effects of nuts are inconsistent with the most recent research findings. They are in a need to education about benefits of eating nuts.

Linear viscoelasticity of sulfonated styrene oligomers near the sol-gel transition

Chen, Quan,Colby, Ralph H. 한국유변학회 2014 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.26 No.3

Linear viscoelastic complex modulus (reported by Weiss and Zhao, 2009) of three ionomers, obtained through random sulfonation of oligomeric styrene at low ionic contents, p = 2.5, 4.8, and 6.5mol%, were analyzed using mean-field gelation theory with the fraction of repeat units that are sulfonated the effective extent of reaction p. Oligomeric styrene with low M = 4000 g/mol, having N = 38 repeat units, ensures absence of entanglement effects. The dynamics change in a complicated way with ion content p because the gel point $p_c$ = 1/(N-1) = 2.7 mol%. For ionomers having p = 2.5 mol%, the system is below but quite close to the gel point. The terminal relaxation is governed by the effective breakup of large clusters into subclusters of comparable sizes, as anticipated by Rubinstein and Semenov. The samples with p = 4.8 mol% and 6.5 mol%, are beyond the gel point and exhibit properties of reversible gels.

Barriers to participation in a worksite wellness program

Person, Ashley Lynne,Colby, Sarah Elizabeth,Bulova, Jessica Ann,Eubanks, Janie Whitehurst The Korean Nutrition Society 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.6

The purpose of this research was to determine barriers that prevent participation in an employee wellness program, Wellness Wednesdays: "Eat & Meet" About Healthy Living, conducted at East Carolina University (ECU) in Greenville, North Carolina. All ECU ARAMARK employees (n = 481) over the age of 18 were eligible to participate in the wellness program. Weekly 30 minute classes, taught by a Registered Dietitian, on various nutrition- and health-related topics were conducted for 10-weeks. Five question knowledge quizzes were administered to participants at the end of each class to determine the comprehension of material presented. Qualitative interviews (n = 19) were conducted with employees (participants and non-participants) and the program organizer after the completion of the 10-week program to identify barriers to program participation. A total of 50 (10.4% of the total number of potential participants) ECU ARAMARK employees, managers, and leadership team directors attended Wellness Wednesdays at least once during the 10-week program. Employees, on average, scored 71-100% on the weekly knowledge quizzes administered at the end of each class. The most common barriers to participation reported included (most often to least often reported): insufficient incentives, inconvenient locations, time limitations, not interested in topics presented, undefined reasons, schedule, marketing, health beliefs, and not interested in the program. Results showed that employee wellness programs can be effective in increasing knowledge of employees on nutrition- and health-related topics. However, program planning that addresses identified barriers including insufficient incentives, inconvenient locations, and time limitations may facilitate higher participation in future worksite wellness opportunities.

Beliefs, benefits, barriers, attitude, intake and knowledge about peanuts and tree nuts among WIC participants in eastern North Carolina

Roman Pawlak,Sarah Colby,Julia Herring 한국영양학회 2009 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.3 No.3

The objective of this study was to assess beliefs (e.g. advantages, disadvantages, benefits, barriers) and knowledge about eating peanuts and tree nuts. Personal interviews based on the Theory of Planned Behavior were conducted to elicit beliefs about eating nuts. Then, a cross-sectional survey was administered to WIC participants from one county in North Carolina. One-hundred-twenty-four WIC participants (mean (SD) age=28.39 (8.09) completed the study. Most were Caucasian (51.6%) females (96%). About one third believed that eating nuts may help to lower cholesterol level. However, only about one forth believed that nuts can lower a risk of a heart attack or diabetes. More than one third believed that eating nuts will cause weight gain. The knowledge of respondents’ about nutrient content of nuts was low with correct answers to most questions about 20% or below. The mean (SD) positive attitude, negative attitude, benefits and barriers scores, based on a range from 1 to 5, were 2.53 (0.91), 3.25 (0.89), 2.97 (0.85) and 2.90 (0.76), respectively. WIC participants’ beliefs regarding the health effects of nuts are inconsistent with the most recent research findings. They are in a need to education about benefits of eating nuts.

The Role of Solvating 12-Crown-4 Plasticizer on Dielectric Constant and Ion Conduction of Poly(ethylene oxide) Single-Ion Conductors

Choi, U Hyeok,Colby, Ralph H. American Chemical Society 2017 Macromolecules Vol.50 No.14

<P>The role of solvating plasticizer on lithium ion conduction is investigated for a poly(ethylene oxide)-based single-ion conductor, plasticized with 12 wt % 12-crown-4 (12C4). The addition of 12C4 not only increases the static dielectric constant (epsilon(s)) but also accelerates the ion rearrangement (alpha(2)) and segmental motion (alpha) compared to the host ionomer. A physical model of electrode polarization is used to estimate number density of simultaneously conducting ions and their mobility. The complex of 12C4 with lithium cation lowers the activation energy of simultaneously conducting ions, increasing the simultaneously conducting ion content by >3x. This is consistent with an initial large increase in epsilon(s), which is higher than the prediction from the Landau and Lifshitz mixing rule, reflecting that ion aggregates observed in the host ionomer are solvated by 12 wt % 12C4. Furthermore, the dissolution of the aggregates promotes ion mobility owing to an increase in polymer chain flexibility, with a reduction in glass transition temperature. The plasticization directly boosts ionic conductivity of the plasticized ionomer by similar to 5x over the whole temperature range studied, revealing that ion motion is assisted by segmental dynamics.</P>

Linear viscoelasticity of sulfonated styrene oligomers near the sol-gel transition

Quan Chen,Ralph H. Colby 한국유변학회 2014 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.26 No.3

Linear viscoelastic complex modulus (reported by Weiss and Zhao, 2009) of three ionomers, obtainedthrough random sulfonation of oligomeric styrene at low ionic contents, p = 2.5, 4.8, and 6.5mol%, wereanalyzed using mean-field gelation theory with the fraction of repeat units that are sulfonated the effectiveextent of reaction p. Oligomeric styrene with low M = 4000 g/mol, having N = 38 repeat units, ensuresabsence of entanglement effects. The dynamics change in a complicated way with ion content p becausethe gel point pc = 1/(N-1) = 2.7 mol%. For ionomers having p = 2.5 mol%, the system is below but quiteclose to the gel point. The terminal relaxation is governed by the effective breakup of large clusters intosubclusters of comparable sizes, as anticipated by Rubinstein and Semenov. The samples with p = 4.8 mol%and 6.5 mol%, are beyond the gel point and exhibit properties of reversible gels.