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      • Heat-Shock Protein 70 as a Tumor Antigen for in vitro Dendritic Cell Pulsing in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cases

        Meng, Fan-Dong,Sui, Cheng-Guang,Tian, Xin,Li, Yan,Yang, Chun-Ming,Ma, Ping,Liu, Yun-Peng,Jiang, You-Hong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

        Immunological functions of heat shock proteins (HSPs) have long been recognized. In this study we aimed to efficiently purify HSP70 from renal cell carcinoma and test it as a tumor antigen for pulsing dendritic cells in vitro. HSP70 was purified from renal cell carcinoma specimens by serial column chromatography on Con A-sepharose, PD-10, ADP-agarose and DEAE-cellulose, and finally subjected to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). Dendritic cells derived from the adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and exposed to tumor HSP70. After 24 hours, dendritic cells were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. T cells obtained from the non-adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were then co-cultured with HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells and after 3 days T cell cytotoxicity towards primary cultured renal cell carcinoma cells was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor-derived HSP70 expressed higher levels of CD83, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR maturation markers than those pulsed with tumor cell lysate and comparable to that of dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cell lysate plus TNF-${\alpha}$. Concomitantly, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes induced by HSP70-pulsed dendritic cells presented the highest cytotoxic activity. There were no significant differences when using homologous or autologous HSP70 as the tumor antigen. HSP70 can be efficiently purified by chromatography and induces in vitro dendritic cell maturation in the absence of TNF-${\alpha}$. Conspecific HSP70 may effectively be used as a tumor antigen to pulse dendritic cells in vitro.

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        Generation of Selenoprotein with Glutathione Peroxidase Activity by Chemical Modification of the Single-chain Variable Fragment Expressed in a Single-protein Production System and Its Antioxidant Ability

        Cheng Wang,Gang-Lin Yan,Shao-Wu Lü,Chun-Hong Sui,Yang Zhao,Ya-Wei Xu,Gang Zhao,Jun-jie Xu,Ping-Sheng Gong,Gui-Min Luo,Ying Mu 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.1

        Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is one of the important members of the antioxidant enzyme family. It can catalyze the reduction of hydroperoxides with glutathione to protect cells against oxidative damage. Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) can be converted into seleniumcontaining single-chain variable fragment (Se-scFv) by chemical modification of the hydroxyl groups in scFv, thus Se-scFv possesses GPX activity and becomes a prodrug. To improve the expression of scFv and simplify its purification steps, Single-protein production (SPP) system was used to express scFv and chemical modification was used to synthesize Se-scFv. Therefore, we must construct a new scFv-WCD1-lessACA gene, which can express its mRNA not containing any ACA sequences and express its amino acid sequence of target protein (scFv) being same to scFv-WCD1. In this way, the scFv-WCD1-lessACA can be only expressed in SPP system and no other background proteins in the cells could be expressed. The expression results showed that high level of scFv-WCD1-lessACA synthesis was at least sustained for 96 h in the virtual absence of background protein synthesis. Then, selenocysteine (Sec) was incorporated into the scFv-WCD1-lessACA by chemical modification and resulted in Se-scFv-WCD1-lessACA. The enzymatic characteristics of Se-scFv-WCD1-lessACA were determined. GPX activity was 2,563 U/μmol,its binding constant for GSH was 0.687 ×105/mol. Moreover,Se-scFv-WCD1-lessACA was confirmed to have a strong antioxidant ability to protect mitochondria against oxidative damage induced by Vc/Fe2+ (mitochondrial damage model),suggesting that Se-scFv-WCD1-lessACA has potential application for protection of mitochondrial damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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        Cloning and analysis of b-amyrin synthase gene in Bupleurum chinense

        Ke Gao,Su-rui Wu,Ling Wang,Yan-hong Xu,Jian-he Wei,Chun Sui 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.9

        Bupleurum chinense DC. is one of the source plants of a well-known crude drug, Chai hu (Radix Bupleuri), producing triterpenoid saponins (saikosaponins) with a wide-spectrum of pharmacological applications. The biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins involved with the cyclizing of the precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene to produce the first committed triterpene b-amyrin catalyzed by b-amyrin synthase (b-AS), whereafter diverse of triterpenoid saponins was biosynthesized. In addition, 2,3-oxidosqualene could be catalyzed by cycloartenol synthase directing to the synthesis of phytosterol. b-AS was thus defined as an important branch point between primary and secondary metabolisms, and may play a regulating role in the control of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis. In this study, the promoter and protein-encoding regions of a b-AS gene (designated bcAS1) were isolated by genome walking and PCR from B. chinense. Several important cis-acting elements for gene regulation were identified within the promoter region including light-responsive, hormoneresponsive and various other stress-related elements. Approximate 0.8 kb fragment on upstream of ATG start codon of bcAS1 was sub-cloned into pAN580 vector to replace the 35S promoter driving the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The promoter activity was detected by transient expression in onion epidermis cells by the expression of GFP. Approximately 6 kb length of bcAS1 gene was cloned, containing 18 exons and 17 introns. Although a dozen of b-AS cDNA was isolated, seldom the promoter and gene of it was reported. This work was a valuable foundation for further studies on the regulatory role of b-AS in biosynthesis of saikosaponins.

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