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- 저자 : Christine Henri (검색결과 2 건)
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Christine Henri,Patrizio Lancellotti 한국심초음파학회 2014 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.22 No.1
The management of asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) remains controversial. Recent series reported thatearly aortic valve replacement might be associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, the risk-benefit ratio should becarefully evaluated and early surgery only be proposed to a subset of asymptomatic patients considered at higher risk. Exerciseechocardiography can help unmask symptomatic patients combined with assessment of the hemodynamic consequences of AS. Recent studies have demonstrated that exercise echocardiography can provide incremental prognostic value to identify patientswho may benefit most from early surgery. In “truly” asymptomatic patients, an increase in mean aortic gradient ≥ 18–20 mmHg,a limited left ventricular contractile reserve or a pulmonary hypertension during exercise are predictive parameters of adversecardiac events. Exercise echocardiography is low-cost, safe and available in many referral centers, and does not expose patients toradiation. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of exercise testing and echocardiography in the management ofasymptomatic patients with severe AS and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.
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Jung Ho Lee,Brian H Lee,Soyoung Jeong,Christine Suh-Yun Joh,Hyo Jeong Nam,Hyun Seung Choi,Henry Sserwadda,Ji Won Oh,Chung-Gyu Park,Seon-Pil Jin,Hyun Je Kim Korea Genome Organization 2023 Genomics & informatics Vol.21 No.2
Immunologists have activated T cells in vitro using various stimulation methods, including phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin and αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies. PMA stimulates protein kinase C, activating nuclear factor-κB, and ionomycin increases intracellular calcium levels, resulting in activation of nuclear factor of activated T cell. In contrast, αCD3/αCD28 agonistic antibodies activate T cells through ZAP-70, which phosphorylates linker for activation of T cell and SH2-domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD. However, despite the use of these two different in vitro T cell activation methods for decades, the differential effects of chemical-based and antibody-based activation of primary human T cells have not yet been comprehensively described. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies to analyze gene expression unbiasedly at the single-cell level, we compared the transcriptomic profiles of the non-physiological and physiological activation methods on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived T cells from four independent donors. Remarkable transcriptomic differences in the expression of cytokines and their respective receptors were identified. We also identified activated CD4 T cell subsets (CD55<sup>+</sup>) enriched specifically by PMA/ionomycin activation. We believe this activated human T cell transcriptome atlas derived from two different activation methods will enhance our understanding, highlight the optimal use of these two in vitro T cell activation assays, and be applied as a reference standard when analyzing activated specific disease-originated T cells through scRNA-seq.
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