영광원자력발전소 주변의 식생과 식물현존량 추정

이호준,양효식,전영문,정흥락,강재구,방제용 建國大學校基礎科學硏究所 1996 理學論集 Vol.21 No.-

영광원자력발전소 주변의 식생에 대한 식물사회학적 조사를 실시하였으며, 순 1차 생산량과 식물현존량을 추정하였다. 또한 상관에 의해 현존식생도 및 녹지자연도를 작성하였다(1:50,000). Z-M 방식에 의한 삼림식생은 소나무군락과 곰솔군락으로 구분되었다. 전체적으로 교목층에 소나무와 곰솔, 아교목층에 졸참나무와 곰솔, 관목층에 털진달래와 신갈나무, 초본층에 털대사초와 그늘사초 등의 피복지수가 우세하게 나타났다. 토양의 pH는 4.65∼4.67, 유기물 함량은 7.28∼7.53%의 범위였다. 현존식생도에 의한 분포비율은 경작지(67%), 소나무(21.9%) 및 곰솔군락(9.1%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 녹지자연도는 등급 2가 67%(경작지), 7등급(이차림(A))과 6등급(조림지)이 각각 29.2%와 1.8%로 나타났다. Montreal model에의한 소나무림과 곰솔림의 식물현존량은 657,817.2와 177,367.0ton으로 각각 산정되었다. The forest vegetation and estimation of phytomass and net primary production in the vicinity of Yonggwang Atomic Power Plant were analyzed on the basis of the phytosociological data. Depending on physiognomy, the actual vegetation map and the degree of green naturality(DGN) were also drawn in the scale of 1:50,000. According to Z-M method, the forest vegetation was classified into two communities; Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii communities. It was generally shown that Pinus densiflora and Pirus thunbergii in tree-1 layer, Quercus serrata and Pinus thunbergii in tree-2 layer, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum and Quercus serrata in shrub layer, and Carex ciliato-marginata and Carex lanceolata in herb layer had high coverage index. The pHs and contents of organic matter of the forest soils collected in each sites were in the 4.64 to 4.67 and 7.28% to 7.53% in average, respectively. The distribution area of each vegetationindex. The pHs and contents of organic matter of the forest soils collected in each sites were in the 4.64 to 4.67 and 7.28% to 7.53% in average, respectively. The distribution area of each vegetation type in the actual vegetation map was 67% cultivated land, 21.9% in Pinus densiflora community and 9.1% in pinus thunbergii community. The distribution of the degree of green naturality(DGN) was 67% in the second-grade (cultivated land), 29.2% in 7th grade (second forest(A)) and 1.8% in 6th grade (plantation). It was estimated that phytomass of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii in the study sites, which was calculated by Montreal model, was 657,817.2 and 177,367.0 ton, respectively.

Distribution Characteristics, Population and Vegetation Structure of Corylopsis coreana in Korea

Choung Heung Lak,Dong-Ok Lim,In-Chun Hwang,Chul Hwan Kim,Kyu Song Lee,Ji-Eun Ryu,Hyun-Woo Lee 한국생태학회 2007 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.30 No.4

This study examined the distribution, population and vegetation structure of Corylopsis coreana in South Korea. C. coreana is distributed around the Suncheon area, Jeollanam-do, on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, but the species is also found in Pocheon and Gangneung, on the central and central east parts of the peninsula. This discontinuous pattern of distribution is coupled with the unusual feature of only growing on northern exposed slopes. The mean density of C. coreana populations is 35 individuals per 100 m2, ranging up to a maximum of 92 individuals per 100 m2. Cut specimens sprouted a maximum of 38 stems per plant. Based on DCA analysis, the species' habitats was divided into three types by species composition and stratification structure. These types include: habitats affected strongly by human activities, valley and mantle communities which are affected relatively little by human activities, and stable forests. Populations affected by artificial intervention have actually flourished, while some populations in the stable forest system have declined. We conclude that the species, now endangered, should be maintained by means of specific external interventions such as cutting or removal of the canopy. To this end, further ecological data should be collected through monitoring and research to identify appropriate interventions to support threatened C. coreana populations

Structural Characteristics and Maintenance Mechanism of Ulmus pumila Community at the Dong River, Gangwon-do, South Korea

Choung, Heung-Lak,Kim, Chul-Hwan,Yang, Keum-Chul,Chun, Jae-In,Roh, Huan-Chuen The Ecological Society of Korea 2003 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.26 No.5

To analyze ecological characteristics of the Ulmus pumila community, an on-the-spot survey was conducted in August, 1998 in the Dong River, Gangwon-do, South Korea. The Ulmus pumila community is partially distributed in Dong River's midstream and upper stream. Topographical characteristics of this community are significant in the point bar or sandbank of the river. The community is classified into two types, disturbed and non-disturbed types, by the effect of flooding. The Ulmus pumila community (bush forests of Siberian elms) is a representative community which forms riparian forests, but its distribution is rare in South Korea. Only in Dong River is the Ulmus pumila distributed enough to form a community, and none is known that is lager than this community in South Korea. The non-disturbance type progresses more homogeneously than the disturbance type because it is formed on riverside banks where it is affected less by flooding. We concluded that the Ulmus pumila community in this study area has characteristics of riparian forests. In South Korea, Ulmus pumila community can be regarded as important element of vegetation landscape constituting riparian forests. Specifically, these riparian forests are evaluated as high in conservation value due to their being formed spontaneously. Moreover, Dong River is regarded as the southern limit of Ulmus pumila, which has a northern origin. The species or community needs continuous interests and conservation countermeasures because there are limitations in its spread of distribution by natural or artificial efforts.

특별기고 : 환경영향평가기법의 경관생태학적 접근방안

정흥락 ( Heung Lak Choung ),홍선기 ( Sun Kee Hong ),이현우 ( Hyun Woo Lee ) 한국환경복원녹화기술학회 2005 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.8 No.3

금호강 ( 대구 , 경북 ) 본류에서 유수변초본식생의 군락분류와 그 분포특성

정흥락(Heung Lak Choung),이호준(Ho Joon Lee) 한국환경생물학회 2001 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.19 No.4

N/A The Herbal vegetation on Running Waterside in the Main Stream of Geumho River, Daegu and Gyeongsanbuk-do, Korea was investigated by the methodology from June to August of 1994 and analyzed distribution characteristics of vegetation that was related Water Environment. The vegetation is divided into 6 communities of Persicaria sieboldi-Persicaria hydropiper community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Impatiens textori community, Zizania latifolia community, Phragmites communis community and Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola community. A BOD and COD that indicate degree of contamination in water were showed 0.9 ppm and 1.6 ppm at upstream and 15.9 ppm and 24.8 ppm at downstream, respectively. The upstream, by Persicaria sieboldi-Persicaria hydropiper community from upstream to mid-upstream, by Persicaria thunbergii community from upstream to midstream, by Zizania latifolia community from midstream to mid-downstream and by Phragmites communis community and Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola community from mid-downstream to downstream. Especially, I suggested that Persicaria sieboldi-Persicaria hydropiper community and persicaria thunbergii community will use as biotic indicator in water environment.

식생의 보전가치와 평가기준에 대한 검토

정흥락 ( Heung Lak Choung ),송종석 ( Jong Suk Song ),이규송 ( Kyu Song Lee ),김인택 ( In Taek Kim ),김종홍 ( Jong Hong Kim ),양금철 ( Keum Chul Yang ),전영문 ( Young Moon Chun ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2006 환경영향평가 Vol.15 No.5

GIS-based Wildlife Habitat Management Strategies in Korea

Paikho Rho,Heung-Lak Choung,Soo-Young Bae 한국환경정책평가연구원 2005 한국환경정책평가연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2005/re-14 No.-

연구의 개요 높은 인구밀도와 공급위주의 국토개발정책으로 야생 동·식물의 서식공간인 산림이나 갯벌이 감소, 악화, 상호 단절됨에 따라 서식공간의 질이 저하되고 있다. 우리나라는 지난 1960년대 이후 경제개발, 산업화 및 도시화 과정에서 자연을 이용과 개발의 대상으로만 인식함에 따라 귀중한 자연자원의 상실을 초래하였다. 즉 백두대간 등 주요 생태축이 단절되었으며, 갯벌·습지 등 야생 동·식물의 주요 서식지가 훼손됨에 따라 생물다양성을 지탱하는 공간이 감소되어 국가경쟁력이 약화되고 있는 실정이다. 우리나라의 경우, 야생 동·식물을 보호하기 위해 천연기념물 또는 멸종위기 야생 동·식물을 지정하고 주기적으로 개체군의 크기와 변동에 대한 실태조사를 실시하고 있으나, 토착 생물자원의 터전이 되는 서식공간에 대한 체계적인 조사·연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 한편, 미국, 카나다, 유럽연합 등 선진국에서는 1970년대 이후 자연환경의 합리적인 관리를 위해 생물종의 서식지 적합성을 평가하기 위한 다양한 모형개발을 시도하였다. 특히 1980년대 이후 지리정보시스템(Geographic Information System, GIS)과 위성영상을 이용한 원격탐사 기술의 비약적인 발달에 힘입어 야생 동·식물의 서식적합성을 평가하며, 이를 토대로 보호구역을 설정하거나 서식환경을 개선하기 위한 노력이 활발히 전개되고 있다. 최근 과학적이고 합리적인 방법에 의거하여 서식지를 보호·관리하고자 하는 요구가 높아지고, 토양, 식생, 지형, 수계망 등 각종 지리정보의 전산화에 따라 서식모형의 개발 필요성이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 제2차 전국자연환경조사(1997~2003) 결과를 토대로 제작한 생태·자연도에서 야생 동·식물 공간분포도는 우리나라에서 최초로 각종 생물종의 전국적 분포를 파악하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있는 자료이다. 더 나아가 2006년 중반에 아리랑 2호를 발사함으로써 1m급 고해상도 위성영상을 손쉽게 획득할 수 있게 됨으로써, 지리정보와 위성영상을 활용하여 야생 동·식물의 서식지를 효과적으로 보호, 관리할 수 있는 기반을 갖추게 되었다. 위와 같은 긍정적인 여건변화에도 불구하고 우리나라는 서식지를 체계적이고 과학적으로 보호·관리하기 위한 경험 및 지식이 미흡한 실정이다. 예를 들어 기존에 실시되고 있는 각종 자연환경조사에 있어서는 생물종에 대한 목록이나 개체수 조사에 치중하여 서식환경에 대한 내용이 부족할 뿐만 아니라 조사결과를 야생 동·식물의 보호관련 정책 수립에 활용하기 위한 서식모형의 설정 등에 대한 연구사례는 드문 실정이다. 지난 1990년대 초반 야생동물실태조사 자료를 토대로 일부 수렵동물에 대해 서식모형을 개발하여, 수렵관리 등 야생동물의 서식지 관리 등에 활용하였으나 조사자료의 신뢰성이 낮아 지속되지 못하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내 여건을 감안하여 대표적인 생물종에 대해 서식모형을 개발하고, 야생 동·식물의 서식지를 체계적이고 과학적으로 보호·관리하기 위해 적합한 서식모형의 적용방안을 제시하는데 있다. 특히 우리나라에서 널리 활용되고 있는 보호구역 설정이나 야생동물 이동통로의 설치 그리고 생태하천 조성 등 중요한 서식지의 보호·관리에 있어 서식적합성지도를 효과적으로 적용할 수 있도록 필요한 기반지식이나 현황자료, 그리고 모형 적용시 고려사항 등을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서 Korea supports a diverse range of habitats, including coastal wetlands, estuaries, paddy fields and woodlands, which act as nesting and feeding grounds for migratory birds and carnivorous predators. However, many wildlife species are facing extinction as a consequence of habitat loss and fragmentation from extensive socio-economic development projects and road construction. Ecologists and natural resource managers believe that habitat requirements of wildlife species can be explored with the habitat model at the multiple scales, and the exploration is effectively used in wildlife management measures. The objective of this study was to delineate habitat suitability maps derived from habitat models to protect and manage wildlife habitats in Korea. Four major steps toward building a wildlife habitat model and habitat suitability maps were used in this study: (1) review of habitat management strategies implemented in Korea for protecting wildlife species and their habitats, (2) designation of protected areas to preserve wildlife habitats by delineating habitat suitability maps, (3) development of habitat model to select proper locations of eco-bridges to connect fragmented habitats, and (4) habitat model applied in stream restoration on the watershed scale. All procedures were integrated to develop GIS-based habitat models for wildlife in Korea, with particular consideration for spatially-explicit habitat variables derived from the National Geographic Information System (NGIS) and the Environmental Information System (EIS). The spatial patterns of environmental variables (i.e., hydrology, soil moisture, water turbidity and elevation) were delineated with NGIS and EIS, and the GIS-based habitat model was developed. Although the Korean government has conducted 3 nationwide surveys to identify population dynamics of wildlife species, only the National Survey of the Natural Environment was used to conduct a GIS dataset for wildlife species in Korea. Habitat suitability models for wild boar (Sus scrofa), leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), and Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) were developed as case studies to examine whether the developing procedures of the habitat models are realistic under the current situation on the available knowledge on ecological characteristics and data available. Then, these habitat models were used to delineate habitat suitability maps, which is useful in implementing wildlife management strategies. In data-poor situations, expert opinion and literature review are clearly effective approaches to identify life requisites and habitat variables of the wildlife in Korea. The results show that qualification and evaluation of habitat model are important to implement wildlife habitat management, such as location selection of eco-bridges (i.e., wildlife overpasses), designation of wildlife protection areas, and riparian habitat management. Habitat models delineate suitable habitats for deciding boundaries of protected areas (e.g., Wildlife Protection Areas). However, only a few habitat models have been developed up to now, and little is known about the habitat requirements of wildlife species in Korea. In this regard, the results of this study will be used to provide spatially explicit information on wildlife habitats for target species, which is effective when selecting candidate locations of wildlife overpasses, determining preliminary boundaries of wildlife protection area, and implementing riparian habitat management measures to protect wildlife habitats in riparian zones. Like the United States and other advanced countries, endangered species are selected as target species for developing habitat models. In addition, habitat suitability models for endemic species were developed as an indicator of environmental quality across the country. This study will help the policy-makers and wildlife managers in the development of habitat suitability models and delineation of habitat suitabilit

생태,자연도를 이용한 야생 동,식물 서식지 관리방안 연구

Paik Ho Rho,Heung Lak Choung,Soo Young Bae 한국환경정책평가연구원 2005 기본연구보고서 Vol.2005 No.-

대구 인접 지역 삼림식생의 진행천이와 잠재자연식생

정흥락,전영문,이호준,Choung, Heung-Lak,Chun, Young-Moon,Lee, Ho-Joon 한국생태학회 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.3

대구 인접지역 삼림식생에 대한 진행천이의 메카니즘과 잠재자연식생을 추정하였다. DCA 에 의한 요인 분석에서는 해발 고도 및 습도구배에 따라 각 군락의 특성이 결정되는 것으로 나타났으며, 토양의 수분 함량과 유기물 함량 및 전질 소량은 군락이 발달함에 따라 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 종관 연관분석에서는 2개의 종집단으로 크게 구분되었으며, 이들 두 집단의 유형을 결정하는 요인은 기온 및 토양의 수분 요인으로 판단되었다. 특히, 두 종집단은 천이의 진행에 따라 종조성이 달라지는 군락의 발달단계를 보여주는 것으로 보이며, 생활형 조성도 이를 뒷받침하였다. 입지요인 및 종조성에 따라 소나무 군락, 굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락 및 떡갈나무군락은 졸참나무군락이나 신갈나무군락으로 각각 천이가 진행될 것으로 예측되었다. 본 조사지역의 잠재자연식생은 종조성, 토양환경 및 지형요인에 의하여 산지 중 상부의 신갈나무군락, 계곡부의 고로쇠나무-까치박달군락, 산지 중 하부는 졸참나무군락 의 3개 유형으로 구분되었다. 그리고 신갈나무군락과 고로쇠나무-까치박탈군락은 현존 식생이면서 잠재자연식생이며, 소나무군락은 현재의 종조성 및 해발 영역을 토대로 신갈나무군락과 졸참나무군락으로 각각 발달할 것으로 예측되었다. This study represents the mechanism of progressive succession and potential natural vegetation on the forest vegetation in and surrounding Daegu. As a result of DCA, the feature of community was determined by an altitude and humid gradients. The soil moisture, contents of organic matter and total nitrogen increased as the community developed. In the interspecific association analysis, the forest vegetation was divided into two species groups and they were influenced by temperature and soil moisture. Especially, each two groups showed different stages of vegetation development according to the progressive succession and life form composition supported those results. It was predicted that Quercus variabilis, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata and Pinus densiflora communities would develop into Q. serrata community or Q. mongolica community depending on their location or species composition. In the study area, the potential natural vegetation was divided into 3 communities by biogeographical gradients such as species composition, soil environment, and geographical features: 1)Q. mongolica community in the middle-upper area of the mountain, 2)Q. serrata community in the middle-lower area of the mountain and 3)Carpinus cordata-Acer mono community in the cove area. It is suggested that the Q.mongolica and C.cordata-A.mono communities become actual vegetation and potential natural vegetation. But it is also suggested that the P. densiflora community would be changed into the potential natural vegetation of the Q. mongolica community and Q. serrata community on the basis of the present species composition.

대구 인접지역에 대한 삼림식생의 군락분류

정흥락,이호준,이재석,Choung, Heung-Lak,Lee, Ho-Joon,Lee, Jae-Seok 한국생태학회 2000 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.23 No.5

1994년 9월부터 1997년 8월까지 대구 인접지역의 삼림식생에 대한 식물사회학적 조사가 이루어졌다. 그 결과 조사지역에서 삼림식생은 신갈나무군락(전형하위군락, 대사초하위군락), 굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락, 떡갈나무군락, 고로쇠나무-까치박달군락(전형하위군락, 졸참나무하위군락, 층층나무하위군락), 소나무군락(전형하위군락, 오이풀하위군락, 철쭉꽃하위군락), 털진달래-그늘사초군락, 아까시나무식재림, 리기다소나무식재림, 일본잎갈나무식재림, 곰솔식재림, 잣나무식재림의 7군락, 8하위군락, 5식재림으로 구분되었다. 신갈나무군락의 식별종은 신갈나무, 뱀고사리, 철쭉꽃, 쇠물푸레, 노린재나무, 노루오줌, 병꽃나무, 꽃며느리밥풀, 고로쇠나무-까치박달군락에서는 고로쇠나무, 까치박달, 서어나무, 고추나무, 소나무군락에서는 소나무, 졸참나무, 댕댕이덩굴, 노간주나무로 각각 나타났다. 특히 졸참나무는 소나무군락의 관목층과 초본층에서 높은 상재도를 보였다. DCA에 의한 요인분석에서는 표조작에 의한 군락분류와 유사한 군락의 분포패턴을 보였으며, 습도구배에 따라 각 군락의 특성이 결정되는 것으로 나타났다. 소나무군락의 철쭉꽃하위군락과 신갈나무군락의 전형하위군락은 유사한 입지환경에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. The forest vegetation surrounding Taegu area was investigated by the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology, from September, 1994 to August, 1997. The forest vegetation was classified into 7 communities, 8 subcommunities and 5 afforestations as follows : Quercus mongolica community (Typical subcommunity, Carex siderosticta subcommunity), Quercus variabilis community, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus dentate community, Carpinus cordata-Acer mono community (Typical subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Cornus controversa subcommunity), Pinus densiflora community (Typical subcommunity, Sanguisorba officinalis subcommunity, Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity), Lespedeza maximowiczii-Rhododendron mucronulatum community , Robinia pseudo-acacia afforestation, Pinus rigida afforestation, Larix leptolepis afforestation, Pinus thunbergii afforestation, Pinus koraiensis afforestation. The differential species of the Quercus mongolica community were Quercus mongolica, Athyrium yokoscense, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Weigela subsessilis, and Melampyrum roseum, those of the Carpinus cordata-Acer mono community were Acer mono, Carpinus cordata, Carpinus laxiflora, and Staphylea bumalda, those of the Pinus densiflora community were Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata, Cocculus trilobus, and Juniperus rigida. Constance degree of the Quercus serrate was especially high in shrub and herb layers of the Pinus densiflora community. The results of factor analysis by DCA showed that distribution pattern of the communities were similar to that by Z-M method and that communities were arranged according to soil moisture gradient. Rhododendron schlippenbachii subcommunity of the P. densiflora community and the Typical subcommunity of the Q. mongolica community were distributed in similar environments.