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Luminescence Study of Carbon Doped GaAs Grown on GaAs (311) a Substrate by MOCVD
Cho,S.,Lee,D.,Son,C. S.,Choi,W. C.,Kim,S. I.,Kim,E. K.,Min,S. K. 대한전자공학회 1997 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.5 No.1
We investigate the temperature and excitation power density dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) from carbon doped GaAs epilayers grown on GaAs (311)A substrate by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The measured temperature dependence of the PL peak energy is well expressed by an empirical formula proposed by Varshni. The thermal quenching mechanism of the intensity of 16 K luminescence peak at 1.480 eV is described with the dominant activation energy of 29 ± 2 meV. The activation energy shows an evidence that the emission band involves the carbon acceptor in the recombination process.
Cho, S.,Choi, C.-W.,Lee, D. H.,Won, C.-H.,Kim, S. M.,Lee, S.,Lee, M.-J.,Chung, J. H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Clinical and experimental dermatology Vol.34 No.4
<P>Summary</P><P>Background. </P><P>Evidence for beneficial effects of squalene on ultraviolet (UV)-induced photoageing of the skin is lacking.</P><P>Aim. </P><P>To investigate whether squalene supplementation improves signs and molecular markers of photoageing in human skin <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P>Methods. </P><P>In total, 40 female volunteers aged > 50 years received two different doses [13.5 g/day (low-dose group) and 27 g/day (high-dose group)] of squalene for 90 days. At baseline and at the completion of the study, facial wrinkles were measured using skin replicas. Skin samples were taken to compare type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA levels by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR, and for type I procollagen immunostaining. Skin samples were also taken 24 h after 2 × minimal erythema dose (MED) of UV irradiation before and after squalene intake to assess UV-induced thymine dimer formation and keratinocytic apoptosis.</P><P>Results. </P><P>In total, 37 subjects completed the trial. Transient loose stool was experienced by 35% of volunteers in the low-dose group and 55% in the high-dose group. Facial wrinkles decreased significantly (<I>P < </I>0.05) in the high-dose group, while procollagen type I mRNA levels and MED increased significantly in the low-dose group. Procollagen immunostaining tended to increase in both groups. Facial erythema decreased and pigmentation increased significantly in both groups. UV-induced keratinocytic apoptosis and thymine dimer staining were substantially reduced in both groups.</P><P>Conclusions. </P><P>Daily ingestion of 13.5 or 27 g of squalene per day resulted in antiageing effects in photoaged skin. However, in view of the frequent incidence of loose stool experienced by the subjects, the risk–benefit ratio of high-dose squalene supplementation is too high to recommend it for treating skin ageing.</P>
Weighted estimates of solutions to second order parabolic equations
Academic Press 2010 Journal of differential equations Vol.248 No.4
We evaluate the rate of decay for solutions to second order parabolic equations, which vanish on the boundary, while the right-hand side is allowed to be unbounded. Our approach is based on a special growth lemma, and it works for both divergence and non-divergence equations, in domains satisfying a general ''exterior measure condition'' (A). The result for elliptic case is published in Cho and Safonov (2007) [2].
Cho, S.,Lee, N.,Park, S.,Yu, J.,Luong, T.T.,Oh, Y.K.,Lee, T. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.131 No.-
In order to reduce input cost for microalgal cultivation, we investigated the feasibility of wastewater taken from a municipal WWTP in Busan, Korea as wastewater nutrients. The wastewaters used in this study were the effluent from a primary settling tank (PS), the effluent from an anaerobic digestion tank (AD), the conflux of wastewaters rejected from sludge-concentrate tanks and dewatering facilities (CR), and two combined wastewaters of AD:PS (10:90, v/v) and AD:CR (10:90, v/v). Chlorella sp. ADE5, which was isolated from the AD, was selected for the feasibility test. The highest biomass production (3.01g-dry cell weight per liter) of the isolate was obtained with the combined wastewater ADCR, and it was 1.72 times higher than that with BG 11 medium. Interestingly, the cells cultivated with wastewater containing PS wastewater were easily separated from the culture and improved lipid content, especially oleic acid content, in their cells.