한국의 HIV-1 감염의 분자역학

이주실,김은영,남정구,기미경,최병선,김성순,강춘,구본기,신영오 국립보건연구원 1998 국립보건원보 Vol.35 No.-

Amplification of Porcine SRY Gene for Sex Determination

Choi, S.G.,Bae, M.S.,Lee, E.S.,Kim, S.O.,Kim, B.K.,Yang, J.H.,Jeon, C.E.,Kim, H.H.,Hwang, Y.J.,Lee, E.S.,Kim, D.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.8

The separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm is of use in many aspects of livestock maintenance. In this study, we sought to determine the difference in DNA content between X- and Y-bearing sperm, separate sperm into X- and Y-enriched pools, and assess the efficacy of sorting. Sperm collected from Duroc and miniature pigs were stained with 20.8 $\mu{M}$ Hoechst 33342 and analyzed using a high-speed cell sorter. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity of stained sperm nuclei revealed that the X-bearing sperm of Duroc and miniature pigs respectively contain 2.75% and 2.88% more DNA than Y-bearing sperm. In total, 50.18% of the sperm were assigned to the X-sorted sample and 49.82% was assigned to the Y-sorted sample for Duroc pigs. For miniature pigs, the Xsorted sample represented 50.19% of the population and the Y-sorted represented 49.81% of the population. Duplex PCR was used to evaluate accuracy of sorting. A fast and reliable method for porcine sexing was developed through amplification of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome gene (SRY). Oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify the conserved porcine SRY high motility group (HMG) box sequence motif. We found that the primer pair designed in this study was 1.46 times more specific than previously reported primers. Thus, this study shows that the present method can be applied in porcine breeding programs to facilitate manipulation of the sex ratio of offspring and to achieve precise sexing of porcine offspring by amplification of the HMG box of the SRY gene.

Concurrent delivery of GM-CSF and B7-1 using an oncolytic adenovirus elicits potent antitumor effect

Choi, K-J,Kim, J-H,Lee, Y-S,Kim, J,Suh, B-S,Kim, H,Cho, S,Sohn, J-H,Kim, G E,Yun, C-O Nature Publishing Group 2006 Gene therapy Vol.13 No.13

Oncolytic adenoviral vectors are currently being developed as biologic anticancer agents. Coupling the lytic function of an oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) with its ability as a transgene delivery system represents a powerful extension of this methodology. A clear advantage is the amplification of a therapeutic gene, as replicating vectors would be able to infect and deliver the gene of interest to neighboring cells. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of the most potent stimulators of a specific and long-lasting antitumor immunity and its important role in the maturation of antigen-presenting cells to induce T-cell activation has been well documented. Similarly, the B7 family has also been shown to play an integral role in mediating an antitumor response. Most tumor cells, however, lack the expression of these costimulatory molecules on their surface, thus escaping immune system recognition. To increase the antitumor effect of an oncolytic Ad, we have generated an E1B 55 kDa-deleted oncolytic adenoviral vector, YKL-GB, that expresses both GM-CSF and B7-1. The therapeutic efficacy of YKL-GB Ad was evaluated in immunocompetent mice bearing murine melanoma B16-F10 tumors. Significant inhibition of tumor growth was seen in mice treated with YKL-GB compared to those treated with the analogous vector, YKL-1. Moreover, YKL-GB oncolytic Ad demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity and higher incidences of tumor regression compared to a replication-incompetent Ad, dl-GB, which coexpresses GM-CSF and B7-1. Localized GM-CSF and B7-1 gene transfer also conferred long-lasting immunity against a tumor re-challenge. To establish that the observed antitumor effect is associated with the generation of a tumor-specific immune response, we carried out interferon-γ enzyme-linked immune spot assay. We observed that YKL-GB induced significantly higher immune cell activation than YKL-1. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated robust dendritic cells and CD4<SUP>+</SUP>/CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T-cell infiltration in these mice compared to the YKL-1-treated groups. In agreement with these results, splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice treated with YKL-GB expressed high levels of the costimulatory and activation molecules. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of enhancing the immune response against tumors with an oncolytic Ad expressing both GM-CSF and B7-1 and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of neoplasia.Gene Therapy (2006) 13, 1010–1020. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302759; published online 9 March 2006

<i>CYP2A6</i> and <i>ERCC1</i> polymorphisms correlate with efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin in metastatic gastric cancer patients

Park, S R,Kong, S-Y,Nam, B-H,Choi, I J,Kim, C G,Lee, J Y,Cho, S J,Kim, Y W,Ryu, K W,Lee, J H,Rhee, J,Park, Y-I,Kim, N K Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.7

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>We evaluated the association between polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2A6 (<I>CYP2A6</I>)/excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (<I>ERCC1</I>)/X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1(<I>XRCC1</I>) and treatment outcomes of metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients treated with S-1/cisplatin.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Among MGC patients (<I>n</I>=108), who received S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> b.i.d., days 1–14) and cisplatin (60 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>, day 1) every 3 weeks, we analysed the wild-type allele (<I>W</I>) and variants (<I>V</I>) of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>*4</I>, <I>*7, *9, *10</I>), and the polymorphisms of <I>ERCC1</I> (rs11615, rs3212986) and <I>XRCC1</I> (rs25487).</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Patients having fewer <I>CYP2A6</I> variants had better response rates (<I>W</I>/<I>W vs W</I>/<I>V</I> other than <I>*1/*4 vs V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>*1/*4</I>=66.7 <I>vs</I> 58.3 <I>vs</I> 32.3% <I>P</I>=0.008), time to progression (TTP) (7.2 <I>vs</I> 6.1 <I>vs</I> 3.5 months, <I>P</I>=0.021), and overall survival (23.2 <I>vs</I> 15.4 <I>vs</I> 12.0 months, <I>P</I>=0.004). <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (rs3212986) was also associated with response rate (<I>C/C</I>, 46.7% <I>vs C/A</I>, 55.3% <I>vs A/A</I>, 87.5%) (<I>P</I>=0.048) and TTP (4.4 <I>vs</I> 7.6 <I>vs</I> 7.9 months) (<I>P</I>=0.012). Patients carrying both risk genotypes of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>1/*4</I>) and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (<I>C/C</I>) <I>vs</I> those carrying none showed an adjusted odds ratio of 0.113 (<I>P</I>=0.004) for response, and adjusted hazard ratios of 3.748 (<I>P</I>=0.0001) for TTP and 2.961 (<I>P</I>=0.006) for death.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Polymorphisms of <I>CYP2A6</I> and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> correlated with the efficacy of S-1/cisplatin.</P>

Effects of $BaCO_3$ purity on the superconducting properties of top seeded melt growth processed $Y_{1+x}Ba_2Cu_3O_y$ superconductors

Choi, J.S.,Park, S.D.,Jun, B.H.,Han, Y.H.,Sung, T.H.,Choo, K.N.,Kim, C.J. The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2009 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

Effects of $BaCO_3$ purity on the superconducting properties of top seeded melt growth (TSMG) processed $Y_{1+x}Ba_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (Y1+x, x=0.1 and 0.2) superconductors were investigated. $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (Y123) powder prepared using $BaCO_3$ with 99.75% purity and commercially available Y123 powder of 99.9% were used for the fabrication of single Y123 grain superconductors. $T_c$ values of the Y1+x samples prepared using low purity Y123 powder were slightly lower than those of the samples prepared using a high purity powder. In addition to the lower $T_c$, an anomalous peak effect in the intermediate magnetic fields was observed in Y1+x samples prepared using the low purity $BaCO_3$ powder. The slight decrease in $T_c$ and the anomalous peak effect are ascribed to the possible incorporation of a Y123 phase with impurity elements such as strontium and calcium included in the $BaCO_3$powder of 99.7%. The result suggests that the low purity $BaCO_3$ powder of a low price can be used as a raw power for the fabrication of single grain YBCO bulk superconductors.

Adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay-guided chemotherapy in unresectable colorectal liver metastasis

Hur, H,Kim, N K,Kim, H G,Min, B S,Lee, K Y,Shin, S J,Cheon, J H,Choi, S H Nature Publishing Group 2012 The British journal of cancer Vol.106 No.1

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA)-guided neoadjuvant chemotherapy for increasing resectability in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis.</P><P><B>Patients and methods:</B></P><P>Patients were randomised into two groups: Group A was treated by conventional chemotherapy regimen and Group B was treated by chemotherapy regimen according to the ATP-CRA. Three chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) were tested by ATP-CRA and more sensitive agents were selected. Either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI was administered. Between Group A and B, treatment response and resectability were compared.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Between November 2008 and October 2010, a total 63 patients were randomised to Group A (<I>N</I>=32) or Group B (<I>N</I>=31). FOLFOX was more preferred in Group A than in Group B (26 out of 32 (81.3%) <I>vs</I> 20 out of 31 (64.5%)). Group B showed better treatment response than Group A (48.4% <I>vs</I> 21.9%, <I>P</I>=0.027). The resectability of hepatic lesion was higher in Group B (35.5% <I>vs</I> 12.5%, <I>P</I>=0.032). Mean duration from chemotherapy onset to the time of liver resection was 11 cycles (range 4–12) in Group A and 8 cycles (range 8–16) in Group B.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>This study showed that tailored-chemotherapy based on ATP-CRA could improve the treatment response and resectability in initially unresectable colorectal liver metastasis.</P>

Microstructure and friction/wear behavior of (TiB+TiC) particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites

Choi, B.J.,Kim, I.Y.,Lee, Y.Z.,Kim, Y.J. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2014 Wear: An international journal on the science and Vol.318 No.1

<P>This study examined the microstructure and friction/wear behavior of (TiB+TiC) particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) fabricated by in situ synthesis. Boron carbide (B4C) particles with 1500 mu m (1500 mu m B4C) or 150 mu m (150 pm B4C) diameter were added to a titanium matrix during vacuum induction melting to provide in situ synthesized (TiB+TiC) particulate reinforcement. The reinforcements prepared with 150 mu m B4C were finer than those prepared with 1500 mu m B4C. The size of the reinforcement particles affected their tendency to fragment under the applied load and thus produce more wear of the TMCs. Therefore, the friction and wear behavior of the TMCs is discussed on the basis of the coefficient of friction, hardness, and reinforcement fragmentation during sliding wear. The fine TMC reinforcements prepared with 150 mu m B4C were more easily fragmented from the Ti matrix than the coarse reinforcements, and this debris further decreased the wear resistance. An adherent transfer layer on the worn surface was formed from hardened particles of oxide debris, reinforcements, and base material. Its presence produced two-body abrasion. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Inhibitory effect of obovatol on nitric oxide production and activation of NF-κB/MAP kinases in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7cells

Choi, M.S.,Lee, S.H.,Cho, H.S.,Kim, Y.,Yun, Y.P.,Jung, H.Y.,Jung, J.K.,Lee, B.C.,Pyo, H.B.,Hong, J.T. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 european journal of pharmacology Vol.556 No.1

The components of Magnolia obovata are known to have many pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of obovatol, a neolignan compound isolated from the leaves of M. obovata, on nitric oxide (NO) production and NF-κB activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results show that obovatol (1-5 μM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a concentration-dependent manner (IC<SUB>50</SUB>: 0.91 μM). Consistent with the inhibitory effect on NO production, obovatol inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, obovatol suppressed NF-κB (p50 and p65) translocation to the nucleus as well as IκB release resulting in the inhibition of the DNA binding activity of the NF-κB. Obovatol also inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signal, which are the most significantly involved signal in NO production and NF-κB activation. When the cells were treated with the combination of obovatol with U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) or SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) as well as with SC-514 (an IKK2 inhibitor), much more inhibition of NO production was observed than that by obovatol alone. The present results suggest that obovatol has an inhibitory effect on NO production through the inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK activity, and thus can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.

The long-term relationship between dietary pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅) intake and C-reactive protein concentration in adults aged 40 years and older

Jung, S.,Kim, M.K.,Choi, B.Y. Elsevier 2017 Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol.27 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background and aims</B></P> <P>Low-grade inflammation, represented by minor C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation, has a critical role in the early stages of atherosclerosis, and pantothenic acid (PA) may have an antioxidant effect in inflammatory process. However, the long-term relationship between PA intake and CRP has not yet been studied. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term relationship of PA intake to CRP concentration in healthy adults aged 40 years or older living in a rural area of South Korea.</P> <P><B>Methods and Results</B></P> <P>A total of 908 subjects (349 men, 559 women) with repeated data on dietary PA intake and CRP concentration were included in the final analysis. To represent the long-term effect of PA intake, both PA intake at the baseline and average PA intake were used as the exposure, and CRP concentration at the third visit and its change from the baseline to the third visit were used as the outcome. After adjustment for potential confounders, a significant inverse relationship between PA intake and CRP concentration at the third visit was observed (<I>P</I> for trend = 0.001, <I>β</I> = −0.07 (<I>P</I>-value = 0.001) for PA <SUB>baseline</SUB>; <I>P</I> for trend = <0.0001, <I>β</I> = −0.11 (<I>P</I>-value = 0.0004) for PA <SUB>average (baseline, 2nd, 3rd)</SUB>). Higher PA intake was significantly related to lower or attenuated increase in CRP concentration (<I>P</I> for trend = 0.002, <I>β</I> = −0.24 (<I>P</I>-value = 0.002) for PA <SUB>baseline</SUB>; <I>P</I> for trend = 0.001, <I>β</I> = −0.35 (<I>P</I>-value = 0.001) for PA <SUB>average (baseline, 2nd, 3rd)</SUB>).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>In conclusion, dietary PA intake was inversely related to subsequent CRP concentration in both men and women aged 40 years or older in South Korea.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Higher baseline and average PA intakes were significantly related to lower CRP concentration at the end of follow-up. </LI> <LI> Higher average PA intakes were significantly related to lower CRP concentration or attenuated increase in CRP concentration. </LI> <LI> PA should not be overlooked in regard to its effects on inflammation, because it might have an antioxidant effect. </LI> </UL> </P>

Tyrosol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response and maintaining the alveolar capillary barrier

Kim, Y.Y.,Lee, S.,Kim, M.J.,Kang, B.C.,Dhakal, H.,Choi, Y.A.,Park, P.H.,Choi, H.,Shin, T.Y.,Choi, H.G.,Kwon, T.K.,Khang, D.,Kim, S.H. Pergamon 2017 Food and Chemical Toxicology Vol. No.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular permeability because of alveolar capillary barrier dysfunction and increased immune responses. This study determined the anti-inflammatory effect of tyrosol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its underlying mechanisms of action. BALB/c mice were orally administered with tyrosol (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) 1 h before an intratracheal injection of LPS (25 μg/50 μL). Oral treatment with tyrosol inhibited lung vascular permeability, histopathological changes, wet/dry lung weight ratio, and pulmonary vascular cell infiltration. The LPS-induced imbalance in the activity of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase, was regulated by tyrosol. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, were reduced by tyrosol in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. The activation of inflammatory molecules, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and phosphorylated-IκBα, was suppressed by the presence of tyrosol in the lung tissue. In addition, tyrosol attenuated the production of NO, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggested that tyrosol is a potential therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory lung diseases.