Molecular Characterization and Biological Activities of Water-soluble Sulfated Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera

Cho, Myoung-Lae,Yang, Chen,Kim, Sang-Moo,You, Sang-Guan 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.2

Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Enteromorpha prolifera and fractionated using ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and biological activities. The crude and fractionated polysaccharides ($F_1$, $F_2$, and $F_3$) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (50.8-62.5%), sulfates (14.5-18.8%), and uronic acid (13.8-16.6%) with different levels of monosaccharides, including rhamnose (57.1-87.6%), glucose (3.6-39.1%), and xylose (2.4-8.8%). The protein content ranged from 1.0 to 13.9 %, and after the fractionation, most proteins were included in the F2 fraction (11.3%). The crude, $F_1$, $F_2$, and $F_3$ exhibited the molecular weights (Mw) of $37-1,281{\times}10^3\;g/mol$. The polysaccharides had no significant direct cytotoxicity to cancer cells AGS or DLD-1. On the other hand, the $F_1$ and $F_2$ stimulated Raw 264.7 cells to produce a considerable amount of nitric oxide (NO). The investigation of $F_2$ subfractions failed to reveal a specific subfraction more significantly affecting the NO production, thus requiring further systematic elucidation of their structural characteristics.

Fabrication and Characteristics of High Capacitance Al Thin Films Capacitor Using a Polymer Inhibitor Bath in Electroless Plating Process

Cho, Young-Lae,Lee, Jung-Woo,Lee, Chang-Hyoung,Choi, Hyung-Seon,Kim, Sung-Su,Song, Young Il,Park, Chan,Suh, Su-Jeong American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.15 No.10

<P>An aluminum (Al) thin film capacitor was fabricated for a high capacitance capacitor using electrochemical etching, barrier-type anodizing, and electroless Ni-P plating. In this study, we focused on the bottom-up filling of Ni-P electrodes on Al2O3/Al with etched tunnels. The Al tunnel pits were irregularly distributed on the Al foil, diameters were in the range of about 0.5 similar to 1 mu m, the depth of the tunnel pits was approximately 35 similar to 40 mu m, and the complex structure was made full filled hard metal. To control the plating rate, the experiment was performed by adding polyethyleneimine (PEI, C2H5N), a high molecular substance. PEI forms a cross-link at the etching tunnel inlet, playing the role of delaying the inlet plating. When the PEI solution bath was used after activation, the Ni-P layer was deposited selectively on the bottoms of the tunnels. The characteristics were analyzed by adding the PEI addition quantity rate of 100 similar to 600 mg/L into the DI water. The capacitance of the Ni-P/Al2O3 (650 similar to 700 nm)/Al film was measured at 1 kHz using an impedance/gain phase analyzer. For the plane film without etch tunnels the capacitance was 12.5 nF/cm(2) and for the etch film with Ni-P bottom-up filling the capacitance was 92 nF/cm(2). These results illustrate a remarkable maximization of capacitance for thin film metal capacitors.</P>

Sintering and Age Hardening Behavior of P/M processed Composites

Cho Gil-Lae,Park Jeong-Su,Lee Sung-Kyu,Ahn Jae-Hwan,Chung Hyung-Sik 한국분말야금학회 2004 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.1

Study of the Transmission Error Prediction of a Five-speed Manual Transmission System

Sang-Pil Cho(조상필),Dong-Gyu Lee(이동규),Lae-Sung Kim(김래성),Zhe-zhu Xu(허철수),Sung-ki Lyu(류성기) 한국기계가공학회 2016 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.15 No.2

For the manual transmission gearbox used in the automotive industry, gear meshing transmission error is the main source of noise known as gear whine, and radiated gear whine noise plays an important role in the whole gearbox. Therefore, in order to keep competitive in the automotive market, the NVH performance of transmission gearboxes is increasingly important for automotive manufacturers when a new product is developed. In this paper, in order to achieve an optimized tooth contact pattern, gear tooth modification is applied to make up for the deformation of the teeth owing to load. A five-speed MT gearbox is firstly modeled in RomaxDesign software and the prediction of transmission error under the loaded torques is studied and compared. From the simulation, the transmission error and maximum contact stress are also simulated and compared after tooth modification of the loaded torques. Finally, the simulation results are used to optimize the whole gearbox design and the final gearbox prototype is testified to obtain NVH performance in a semi-anechoic room.

Development of the variant calling algorithm, ADIScan, and its use to estimate discordant sequences between monozygotic twins

Cho, Yangrae,Lee, Sunho,Hong, Jong Hui,Kim, Byong Joon,Hong, Woon-Young,Jung, Jongcheol,Lee, Hyang Burm,Sung, Joohon,Kim, Han-Na,Kim, Hyung-Lae,Jung, Jongsun Oxford University Press 2018 Nucleic acids research Vol.46 No.15

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Calling variants from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data or discovering discordant sequences between two NGS data sets is challenging. We developed a computer algorithm, ADIScan1, to call variants by comparing the fractions of allelic reads in a tester to the universal reference genome. We then created ADIScan2 by modifying the algorithm to directly compare two sets of NGS data and predict discordant sequences between two testers. ADIScan1 detected >99.7% of variants called by GATK with an additional 724 393 SNVs. ADIScan2 identified ∼500 candidates of discordant sequences in each of two pairs of the monozygotic twins. About 200 of these candidates were included in the ∼2800 predicted by VarScan2. We verified 66 true discordant sequences among the candidates that ADIScan2 and VarScan2 exclusively predicted. ADIScan2 detected many discordant sequences overlooked by VarScan2 and Mutect, which specialize in detecting low frequency mutations in genetically heterogeneous cancerous tissues. Numbers of verified sequences alone were >5 times more than expected based on recently estimated mutation rates from whole genome sequences. Estimated post-zygotic mutation rates were 1.68 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> in this study. ADIScan1 and 2 would complement existing tools in screening causative mutations of diverse genetic diseases and comparing two sets of genome sequences, respectively.</P>

Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Sang Myung Lee,Bong-Seok Bae,Hee-Weon Park,Nam-Geun Ahn,Byung-Gu Cho,Yong-Lae Cho,Yi-Seong Kwak 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

It has been reported that Korean Red Ginseng has been manufactured for 1,123 y as described in the GoRyeoDoGyeong record. The Korean Red Ginseng manufactured by the traditional preparation method has its own chemical component characteristics. The ginsenoside content of the red ginseng is shown as Rg1: 3.3 mg/g, Re: 2.0 mg/g, Rb1: 5.8 mg/g, Rc:1.7 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.4 mg/g, respectively. It is known that Korean ginseng generally consists of the main root and the lateral or fine roots at a ratio of about 75:25. Therefore, the red ginseng extract is prepared by using this same ratio of the main root and lateral or fine roots and processed by the historical traditional medicine prescription. The red ginseng extract is prepared through awater extraction (90℃ for 14-16 h) and concentration process (until its final concentration is 70-73 Brix at 50-60℃). The ginsenoside contents of the red ginseng extract are shown as Rg1: 1.3 mg/g, Re: 1.3 mg/g, Rb1: 6.4 mg/g, Rc:2.5 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.9 mg/g, respectively. Arginine-fructose-glucose (AFG) is a specific amino-sugar that can be produced by chemical reaction of the process when the fresh ginseng is converted to red ginseng. The content of AFG is 1.0-1.5% in red ginseng. Acidic polysaccharide, which has been known as an immune activator, is at levels of 4.5-7.5% in red ginseng. Therefore, we recommended that the chemical profiles of Korean Red Ginseng made through the defined traditional method should be well preserved and it has had its own chemical characteristics since its traditional development.

Identification of genetic polymorphisms in FABP3 and FABP4 and putative association with back fat thickness in Korean native cattle

Seoae Cho,Toe Sung Park,Du Hak Yoon,Hyun Sub Cheong,Sohg Namgoong,Byung Lae Park,Hye Won Lee,Chang Soo Han,Eun Mi Kim,Il Cheong Cheong,Hee Bal Kim,Hyoung Doo Shin 한국생화학분자생물학회 2008 BMB Reports Vol.41 No.1

시청률 조사 검증 시스템 구축 방안 연구

조성호(Sung Ho Cho),송인덕(In Deok Song),박정래(Jeong Lae Park) 한국광고홍보학회 2012 광고연구 Vol.0 No.92

시청률은 시청자의 특정 TV 채널 또는 프로그램의 시청행위에 대한 추정치다. 시청률은 방송사업자의 편성전략뿐 아니라 광고전략 수립 및 정책적 결정을 위한 핵심 지표로서 기능한다. 따라서 TV 시청률이 의미 있는 통계적 자료로 활용되기 위해서는 신뢰성과 타당성을 확보해야 한다. 현실적으로 TV 시청률의 질을 보장하기 위한 유일하고도 가장 효율적인 방법은 시청률 조사 과정 및 조사결과를 검증하는 것이다. 우리나라는 특이하게도 두 개의 시청률 조사회사(AGB와 TNmS)가 상호 경쟁하는 가운데 복수의 시청률 자료를 산출함으로써 시청률 자료에 의존하고 있는 여러 분야에서 혼란을 초래하고 있다. 이에 시청률 조사의 신뢰성 및 타당성 그리고 시청률 자료의 품질을 보장할 수 있는 검증 시스템에 대한 필요성이 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우, 2007년 시청률조사검증협의회가 해체된 이후 현재까지 체계적인 검증과 검증결과에 대한 공개도 이루어지지 않아 자료에 대한 의구심이 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 시청점유율의 정책적 활용, 종합편성채널등장, 미디어렙 개편 등 환경이 급격하게 변화하는 상황에서 본 연구는 시청률 조사 검증을 책임 있게 수행할 공신력 있는 검증기구의 설립과 운영을 위한 구체적 방안을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 국내 시청률 조사 상의 문제점 및 기존의 검증협의회 활동을 비판적으로 검토하고 해외 주요국의 검증 체계를 분석함으로써 향후 우리나라의 시청률 검증 시스템 구축을 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. 그리고 시청률 조사 및 검증 관련 전문가를 대상으로 한 전문가 집단 심층 인터뷰 결과를 바탕으로 향후 시청률 조사 검증 체계 구축을 위한 구체적 방안, 즉 검증기구의 성격과 기능, 재원, 조직구성, 그리고 법·제도적 보장 방안 등을 논의·제시하였다. Television ratings point, which is defined as the percentage of viewers in the surveyed area in a given time, is a measure of viewership of a particular television channel or program. Ratings points function as essential indices not only for broadcasters` programming strategy but also for advertisers` advertising strategy and policy makers` decisions for the related industries. Therefore, TV ratings points must be valid and reliable to be utilized as meaningful statistical data. And, the only and most effective way to secure the quality of TV ratings points is verification of TV audience measurement. In the case of Korea, however, any systematic verification has not been conducted for the recent years since 2007 when the ``Council for Verification of TV Audience Measurement`` was disbanded. In addition, there have been two private companies (AGB & TNmS) that are producing TV ratings points in excessive competition, which is an abnormal condition that may be found only in Korea. As a result of this situation, there has been continuous call for a verification system that can ensure the high quality of TV ratings data as well as high levels of validity and reliability of the work of TV audience measurement. In the consideration of this situation, the present study was conducted to draw up a specific plan for the establishment and operation of a credible organization, which will be wholly responsible for the verification of TV audience measurement in Korea. To achieve the main research goal, this study examined the past work of verification in Korea. And, several foreign countries` cases were also reviewed in order to draw out some implications that may be helpful in making suggestions for the future verification system of Korea. The suggestions proposed in this study are based on the results of a focus group interview and a couple of consultative meetings with the experts in the broadcasting and advertising industries as well as related research areas. In terms of the future verification system, reasonable alternatives were comparatively examined and have been proposed in terms of the nature and main functions of the verification organization, structure and management of the organization, financial resources of the organization, and ways of finding legal basis for the future verification system.

Radical Neck Dissection (RND) : 130예의 두경부암 환자에 대한 8년간의 치험분석

조상래(Sang Lae Cho),설대위(David John Seel) 대한외과학회 1969 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.11 No.2

Fuzzy Threshold Inference of a Nonlinear Filter for Color Sketch Feature Extraction

조성목(Cho Sung-Mok),조옥래(Cho Ok-Lae) 한국산학기술학회 2006 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.7 No.3

본 논문에서는 컬러 디지털 영상에서의 특징점 추출을 위한 퍼지 임계치 설정기법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 두 가지 종류의 퍼지 측정자를 사용하여 임계치를 계산하는 퍼지추론 시스템을 구성한다. 퍼지추론 시스템에 사용된 측정자들은 디지털 영상에서의 국부영역 밝기를 매우 잘 반영할 뿐만 아니라 특징점 추출 성능이 매우 우수함을 보여준다. 또한, 퍼지측정자로 사용되는 비선형 스케치 특징점 추출 필터의 특성을 도식적으로 해석하였고 특징점들의 특성이 반영된 퍼지추론 시스템을 설계하였다. 이와 같이 설계된 퍼지추론 시스템을 통해 디지털 영상에 포함된 특징점의 특성이 반영된 임계치를 선택하였다. 실험결과를 통해 제안된 퍼지 임계치 추론 방법이 매우 유용성을 증명할 수 있었다. In this paper, we describe a fuzzy threshold selection technique for feature extraction in digital color images. this is achieved by the formulation a fuzzy inference system that evaluates threshold for feature configurations. The system uses two fuzzy measures. They capture desirable characteristics of features such as dependency of local intensity and continuity in an image. We give a graphical description of a nonlinear sketch feature extraction filter and design the fuzzy inference system in terms of the characteristics of the feature. Through the design, we provide selection method on the choice of a threshold to achieve certain characteristics of the extracted features. Experimental results show the usefulness of our fuzzy threshold inference approach which is able to extract features without human intervention.