After Stone Cottage: A Packet for Ezra Pound and The Cantos

Jerry Chia-Je Weng 한국예이츠학회 2017 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.54 No.-

The general contour of the relationship between Yeats and Pound was shaped profoundly during a number of years in the 1910s: Pound arrived in London in 1908 partly to seek out Yeats, who was twenty years his senior and whom he considered a living master of his métier. Pound quickly established himself on the literary scene, was introduced to Yeats by Olivia Shakespear, and become a regular attendee of Yeats’s Monday evenings. Later on Yeats employed Pound as his secretary for three winters from 1913-16 at Stone Cottage, Sussex, dictating his letters to Pound and composing his poetry in close proximity. This period of fruitful collaboration ended with the twin achievements of Yeats’s Per Amica Silentia Lunae (1918) and Pound’s Lustra including “Three Cantos” (1917).

Revisiting the Romanticism in Early Yeats

Jerry Chia-Je Weng 한국예이츠학회 2017 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.52 No.-

이 논문은 『교차로』(1889년)와 『장미』(1889년)가 포함된 1895년 『시집』에서의 초기 예이츠 시 속의 낭만주의 계승을 다시 읽으려 한다. 셸리와 블레이크의 예이츠에 대한 깊은 영향에 대해 학자들이 많이 연구하지만 주로 예이츠의 후기 상징 주의 체계와 신화와 결부 짓는 것이었다기에 사실 예이츠의 초기시는 비교적 소홀하 게 다루어지고 있다. 그는 아일랜드의 민담과 신화를 자신의 초기시에 통합시키려 하 지만, 이때 시인과 지상과의 문제가 중심과제로 등장한다. 이 문제는 불가피하게 낭만 주의 전통에 기대게 된다. 본인은 예이츠가 시어의 효용성에 의문을 제기하면서 자연 에 도전하고 시인과 자연의 관계를 수정하기 위해서 그의 초기시에서 근본적 낭만주 의의 문제를 다룬다고 주장한다. 블레이크와 셸리에 더하여, 워즈워드는 예이츠 초기시에 자연과 시에 대한 여러 가지의 암시와 반향으로 나타나는데, 이것은 워즈워드의 지속적 영향이다. In this paper I reconsider the inheritance of romanticism in the early poetry of Yeats—especially the 1895 collection of Poems consisting of the sections Crossways (1889) and The Rose (1893). While the pervasive influence of Blake and Shelley on Yeats has received much scholarly attention, it has generally been in reference to Yeats’s later system of symbolism and mythology; the poetry of Yeats’s youth has suffered from comparative neglect. As Yeats strives to integrate the traditional materials of Irish folklore and mythology into his early work, the question of the poet’s relation to the earth emerges as a central concern—one that inevitably draws on the English romantic tradition. I argue that Yeats critically engages with the fundamental themes of romanticism in his earliest poetry, challenging and revising the poet’s link to nature while questioning the efficacy of poetic language. In addition to Blake and Shelley, William Wordsworth emerges as a steady influence on early Yeats, evinced by the various echoes and allusions regarding the status of nature and poetry.

Yeats and Secularization in the Manuscripts of The Tower

Jerry Chia-Je Weng 한국예이츠학회 2016 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.51 No.-

보다 큰 서구의 세속화 문학담론에서의 모더니즘의 정의는 어려운 작업 이다. 어떤 비평가는 모더니즘은 이어받은 문화적 패러다임과의 과격한 단절을 나타내 며 이로써 종교의 몰락을 가속화하거나 적어도 세속화의 과정을 진행시키고 있다고 주장한다. 반면, 엘리엇, 파운드, 조이스 및 울프 같은 작가들의 작품에서, 초월주의와 영성의 흔적들이, 삭제되기 보다는, 강조되고 있는 것이 보인다. 예이츠는 이 세속화 과정 어디에 위치하는가? 예이츠의 초기작 이후 밀교적이고, 연금술적이고, 내세적인 것에의 현혹이 있지만 대부분의 독자들은 예이츠의 가장 잘 알려진 시들을 초월성이 나 영성으로만 묘사하지 않는다. 본 논문은 그의 가장 대표적인 시들에 대조적으로 공 존하는 초자연적 관심과 내재적 실상의 절묘한 혼재를 가늠하여, 세속화 과정 속에서 예이츠에게 맥락을 부여하는 것이다. 1920년대의 예이츠의 주된 관심이 정리된 『탑』(1928년)의 시들을 읽을 것이다. 이 시기는 초월적인 것이 점차적으로 내재적인 것으 로 이행하는 그의 작품 속에서의 변환기이다.『탑』의 원고들은 예이츠가 영적인 것을 상상할 때 그가 보이는 수정적 과정을 포착하고 있다. Defining the position of literary modernism within the larger narrative of western secularization is a difficult task. Some critics argue that modernism constitutes a radical break from inherited cultural paradigms and has thereby accelerated the decline of religion, or at the very least carried on the process of secularization; on the other hand, vestiges of spirituality and transcendence are found to be accentuated, rather than excised, in the works of writers such as Eliot, Pound, Joyce, and Woolf. How does one place Yeats within the context of the secular? There has always been a fascination with the occult, the hermetic, and the otherworldly since Yeats’s earliest work, yet the majority of readers would not describe Yeats’s most celebrated poems in exclusive terms of transcendence or spirituality. This paper attempts to contextualize Yeats within the process of secularization, assessing the strange mix of supernatural interest and immanent reality that coexist antithetically in his greatest poems. I will examine poems from The Tower (1928) as a summation of Yeats’s concerns in the 1920s. The period occupies a transitional phase within Yeats’s oeuvre in which the transcendent gradually gives way to the immanent. The manuscript materials of The Tower capture Yeats’s revisionary processes in reimagining the spiritual.

Yeats’s “Supernatural Songs” : The Anthropology of Religion

Jerry Chia-Je Weng 한국예이츠학회 2013 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.42 No.-

이 논문은 예이츠의 “초자연적 노래”을 잘 이해하기 위해 연구한다. 기독교교리에 대한 예이츠의 견해, 언어의 사용, 시의 진행 순서 등을 논의한다. 이 시의 초자연적인 것에 대한 특이한 접근은 학자들에게 여러 가지 문제를 야기하며, 또 이 시가 초자연적인 것만을 다루지는 않는 것 같지도 않다. 벤들러도 지적한 것처럼 이 시 “초자연적 노래”는 기괴한 것과 원시적인 것에 대한 하나의 모더니스적 시학을 구체화하고 있다. This essay studies Yeats’s “Supernatural Songs” to understand it better. It discusses Yeats’s view of Christian doctrine, use of language, the progression of the sequence in the poem. The poem’s peculiar engagement with the supernatural is highly problematic, and it seems not primarily about the supernatural. I agree with Vendler that the poem “Supernatural Songs” embodies a modernist aesthetic of the grotesque and the primitive.

Reflections on Yeats’s Late Style

Jerry Chia-Je Weng 한국예이츠학회 2013 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.40 No.-

에드워드 사이드와 테오도 W. 아도르노가 말한 미학적 “후기”의 특정 개념을 채택하여, 본 논문은, 시적 풍경 속의 이미지들의 부서짐과 파편화로 노정되는 한 후기 스타일의 예로−예이츠의 후기 시들, 특히 “서커스 동물들의 떠남,” “정치,”의 읽기를 시도한다. Adopting a particular concept of aesthetic “lateness” as elaborated by Edward Said and Theodor W. Adorno, this essay seeks to read Yeats’s last poems −especially “The Circus Animals’ Desertion” and “Politics”−as manifestations of a late style that is revealed through the disintegration and fragmentation of images in the poetic landscape.

The Vortex and the Gyres: Blake, Yeats, and the Shapes of History

Jerry Chia-Je Weng 한국예이츠학회 2012 한국예이츠 저널 Vol.38 No.-

본 논문은 역사의 형태를 묘사하는 데 쓰이는 흔한 도해−즉 블레이크는 소용돌이, 예이츠는 가이어−를 점검하여 블레이크와 예이츠의 역사관을 간결하게 비교한다. 본 논점은 두 시인의 2가지 형태가 그들로 하여금 계시와 역사에서의 이탈의 가능성에 대해서 전혀 다른 견해를 견지하게 한다는 것이다. This essay offers a brief comparison of William Blake and Yeats’s ideas of history and historical change by examining the prevalent figures used to delineate the shape of history: the vortex in Blake and the gyres in Yeats. It is argued that the two shapes allow the poets to represent radically distinct views on apocalypse and the possibility of release from history.

ON HOLDER-MCCARTHY-TYPE INEQUALITIES WITH POWERS

Lin, Chia-Shiang,Cho, Yeol-Je Korean Mathematical Society 2002 대한수학회지 Vol.39 No.3

We extend the Holder-McCarthy inequality for a positive and an arbitrary operator, respectively. The powers of each inequality are given and the improved Reid's inequality by Halmos is generalized. We also give the bound of the Holder-McCarthy inequality by recursion.

Enhanced x-ray irradiation-induced cancer cell damage by gold nanoparticles treated by a new synthesis method of polyethylene glycol modification

Liu, Chi-Jen,Wang, Chang-Hai,Chien, Chia-Chi,Yang, Tsung-Yeh,Chen, Shin-Tai,Leng, Wei-Hua,Lee, Cheng-Feng,Lee, Kuen-Ho,Hwu, Y,Lee, Yao-Chang,Cheng, Chia-Liang,Yang, Chung-Shi,Chen, Y J,Je, J H,Margari IOP Pub 2008 Nanotechnology Vol.19 No.29

<P>We explored a very interesting gold nanoparticle system—pegylated gold in colloidal solution—and analyzed its uptake by mice colorectal adenocarcinoma CT26 tumor cells and the impact on the cell’s response to x-ray irradiation. We found that exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified (‘pegylated’) 4.7 ± 2.6 nm gold nanoparticles synthesized by a novel synchrotron-based method enhances the response of CT26 cells to x-ray irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy revealed that substantial amounts of such nanoparticles are taken up and absorbed by the cells and this conclusion is supported by quantitative induced coupled plasma (ICP) results. Standard tests indicated that the internalized particles are highly biocompatible but strongly enhance the cell damage induced by x-ray irradiation. Synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy analyzed the chemical aspects of this phenomenon: the appearance of C = O stretching bond spectral features could be used as a marker for cell damage and confirmed the enhancement of the radiation-induced toxicity for cells.</P>

Intense X-ray induced formation of silver nanoparticles stabilized by biocompatible polymers

Wang, Chang-Hai,Liu, Chi-Jen,Wang, Cheng-Liang,Chien, Chia-Chi,Hwu, Y.,Liu, Ru-Shi,Yang, Chung-Shi,Je, Jung-Ho,Lin, Hong-Ming,Margaritondo, G. Springer-Verlag 2009 Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing Vol.97 No.2

Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy between Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Tzu-Yi Lin,Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang,Shih-Chieh Shao,Edward Chia-Cheng Lai,Sunir J. Garg,Kuan-Jen Chen,Je-Ho Kang,Wei-Chi Wu,Chi-Chun Lai,Yih-Shiou Hwang 대한당뇨병학회 2023 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.47 No.3

Background: To compare risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) between patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and those taking glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) in routine care.Methods: This retrospective cohort study emulating a target trial included patient data from the multi-institutional Chang Gung Research Database in Taiwan. Totally, 33,021 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using SGLT2is and GLP1-RAs between 2016 and 2019 were identified. 3,249 patients were excluded due to missing demographics, age <40 years, prior use of any study drug, a diagnosis of retinal disorders, a history of receiving vitreoretinal procedure, no baseline glycosylated hemoglobin, or no follow-up data. Baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores. DR diagnoses and vitreoretinal interventions served as the primary outcomes. Occurrence of proliferative DR and DR receiving vitreoretinal interventions were regarded as vision-threatening DR.Results: There were 21,491 SGLT2i and 1,887 GLP1-RA users included for the analysis. Patients receiving SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs exhibited comparable rate of any DR (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.03), whereas the rate of proliferative DR (SHR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.68) was significantly lower in the SGLT2i group. Also, SGLT2i users showed significantly reduced risk of composite surgical outcome (SHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.70).Conclusion: Compared to those taking GLP1-RAs, patients receiving SGLT2is had a lower risk of proliferative DR and vitreoretinal interventions, although the rate of any DR was comparable between the SGLT2i and GLP1-RA groups. Thus, SGLT2is may be associated with a lower risk of vision-threatening DR but not DR development.