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        Distinct Inflammation Biomarkers in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Schizophrenia: A Reliability Testing of Multiplex Cytokine Immunoassay by Bland-Altman Analysis

        Ta-Chuan Yeh,Hsuan-Te Chu,Chia-Kuang Tsai,Hsin-An Chang,Fu-Chi Yang,San-Yuan Huang,Chih-Sung Liang 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.8

        Objective Since the inflammatory process has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorder, an important issue emerging is to assess the test-retest reliability of cytokine measurement in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia. The objective of the present study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of bead-based multiplex immunoassay technology (BMIT) for cytokine measurement by using a Bland-Altman plot (BAP). Methods Twenty healthy individuals and twenty patients with schizophrenia were enrolled, and a 17-plex cytokine assay was used to measure inflammatory biomarkers at baseline and two weeks later. The test-retest reliability was examined by BAP, 95% limits of agreement (LOA), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and coefficient of repeatability (CoR). Results In the healthy controls, only interleukin (IL)-2, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β showed excellent ICC. The BAP with 95% LOA determined that 13 cytokines showed acceptable 95% LOA for a 2-week test-retest reliability, and only IL-1β, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α had significant test-retest bias. The CoR of cytokines varied significantly, ranging from 1.72 to 218.1. Compared with healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher levels of IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α and significantly lower levels of IL-4, IL-12, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Of these six cytokines, IL-12 and TNF-α were considered suboptimal reliability. Conclusion The findings from ICC and CoR implied that the test-retest reliability of BMIT for cytokine measurement were suboptimal. However, the BAP with 95% LOA confirmed that BMIT can reliably distinguish schizophrenia from healthy individuals in cytokine measurement, while significant within-subject variation and between-group overlapping were evident in cytokine expression.

      • Current Ripple Reduction Technique of DC/DC Converter

        Ye-Then Chang,Chia-An Yeh,Masahiro Hamaogi,Fumikazu Takahashi,Yen-Shin Lai 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

        This paper presents a novel method to reduce the current ripple caused by the variation of inductor for a DC/DC converter. The presented method is to increase the switching frequency to keep constant current ripple when the inductance changes. Therefore, no extra component is required. The problem will be described first and the related method is presented. An experimental DC/DC converter is implemented which is with input voltage of 12 V, output voltage of 1.5 V, output current of 10 A, and switching frequency of 200-250 ㎑. Finally, experimental results derived from the designed digital-controlled DC/DC converter are included for confirmation.

      • Current Sensing Methods for Standby Power Control of Digital-Controlled DC/DC Converter

        Yen-Shin Lai,Zih-Jie Su,Chia-An Yeh,Fumikazu Takahashi,Masahiro Hamaogi 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

        The main theme of this paper is to study the current sensing methods for standby power reduction control of digital-controlled DC/DC converter. These methods include using transformer of full-bridge converter, coupling inductor and ORing MOSFET. The most suitable sensing method was verified with a digital-controlled 500W class DC/DC converter (input/output voltage: 400V/12V). Experimental results derived from digital-controlled DC/DC converter using the TI DSP (TMS320F2812) as the control platform show that current sensed by voltage across ORing MOSFET method provides superb solution. This method offers linear relationship between output voltage of sensing circuit and load current while not causing response delay under standby conditions and thereby truly reflecting accurate standby conditions.

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